Got it ✅ I’ll keep expanding with more system-wise medical notes in the same human-like
notebook style.
🩺 Medical Class Notes (Expanded)
14. Nephrology (Kidney Diseases)
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI):
o Sudden ↓ kidney function.
o Causes: prerenal (shock), renal (glomerulonephritis), postrenal (stones,
obstruction).
o Signs: oliguria, ↑ creatinine/urea.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD):
o Gradual irreversible loss of kidney function.
o Causes: diabetes, hypertension.
o Complications: anemia, bone disease, electrolyte imbalance.
o End stage → dialysis or transplant.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI):
o More common in females.
o Symptoms: dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain.
o Rx: antibiotics, hydration.
15. Hematology (Blood Disorders)
Anemia:
o ↓ Hemoglobin.
o Types:
Iron deficiency → microcytic, hypochromic.
Vitamin B12/folate deficiency → macrocytic.
Hemolytic → jaundice, ↑ reticulocytes.
Leukemia:
o Malignant proliferation of WBCs.
o Acute: fast, children.
o Chronic: slower, adults.
o Symptoms: fatigue, recurrent infections, bleeding.
Lymphoma:
o Cancer of lymph nodes.
o Hodgkin: Reed–Sternberg cells.
o Non-Hodgkin: more common, variable prognosis.
16. Infectious Diseases
Malaria:
o Plasmodium infection (mosquito bite).
o Symptoms: fever with chills, anemia, splenomegaly.
o Severe: cerebral malaria (P. falciparum).
o Rx: Artemisinin-based combination therapy.
Typhoid Fever:
o Salmonella typhi.
o Step-ladder fever, abdominal pain, rose spots.
o Rx: antibiotics (ceftriaxone, azithromycin).
HIV/AIDS:
o Retrovirus attacking CD4 cells.
o Symptoms: weight loss, recurrent infections, oral candidiasis, Kaposi’s sarcoma.
o Rx: lifelong ART (antiretroviral therapy).
17. Oncology (Cancers)
General warning signs (“CAUTION”):
o Change in bowel/bladder habits
o A sore that does not heal
o Unusual bleeding/discharge
o Thickening or lump
o Indigestion/difficulty swallowing
o Obvious change in wart/mole
o Nagging cough/hoarseness
Common cancers:
o Lung: cough, hemoptysis, smoking history.
o Breast: lump, nipple discharge, skin dimpling.
o Cervical: post-coital bleeding (Pap smear for screening).
o Colorectal: blood in stool, altered bowel habits.
18. Immunology & Allergies
Hypersensitivity Reactions:
o Type I: Immediate (allergy, anaphylaxis).
o Type II: Cytotoxic (autoimmune hemolysis).
o Type III: Immune complex (SLE).
o Type IV: Delayed (TB test, contact dermatitis).
Autoimmune Diseases:
o SLE: butterfly rash, arthritis, kidney disease.
o RA: joint inflammation.
o Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: hypothyroidism.
19. Public Health / Preventive Medicine
Levels of prevention:
o Primary → vaccination, health education.
o Secondary → early diagnosis, screening.
o Tertiary → rehabilitation, disability limitation.
Vaccines (common):
o BCG → TB
o DPT → diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
o MMR → measles, mumps, rubella
o Hepatitis B vaccine
20. Miscellaneous / Quick Facts
First aid for snake bite: Keep limb still, no cutting/sucking, pressure immobilization,
antivenom.
Heat stroke: High temp, no sweating, confusion → rapid cooling + IV fluids.
Hypothermia: Shivering, confusion, slow pulse → gradual rewarming.
COVID-19 basics: Fever, cough, breathlessness, loss of smell. Prevention = masks, hand
hygiene, vaccination.
✅ Now your notes cover 20+ systems/topics (Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, OBGYN, Psych,
Ortho, Derm, Heme, Renal, Infectious, Preventive, etc.).
👉 Do you want me to turn these into a full exam-ready PDF handbook with a clean layout,
tables, and diagrams, or should I keep growing the raw text notes here?
