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Halide Ion Tests with Silver Nitrate

This document describes tests to identify halide ions using silver nitrate and concentrated hydrochloric acid. 1. Silver nitrate is added to produce characteristic precipitates with chloride (white AgCl), bromide (creamy AgBr), and iodide (creamy-yellow AgI) ions. 2. Ammonia is used to confirm the identity of the ions by dissolving certain precipitates: dilute ammonia dissolves AgCl and concentrated ammonia dissolves AgBr, but AgI does not dissolve in ammonia. 3. Concentrated hydrochloric acid produces characteristic reactions and observations with each halide ion to identify it, such as producing white fumes of

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Tilak K C
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861 views1 page

Halide Ion Tests with Silver Nitrate

This document describes tests to identify halide ions using silver nitrate and concentrated hydrochloric acid. 1. Silver nitrate is added to produce characteristic precipitates with chloride (white AgCl), bromide (creamy AgBr), and iodide (creamy-yellow AgI) ions. 2. Ammonia is used to confirm the identity of the ions by dissolving certain precipitates: dilute ammonia dissolves AgCl and concentrated ammonia dissolves AgBr, but AgI does not dissolve in ammonia. 3. Concentrated hydrochloric acid produces characteristic reactions and observations with each halide ion to identify it, such as producing white fumes of

Uploaded by

Tilak K C
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tests for halide ions

Using silver nitrate ions


1. Solution of solid is acidified with dilute nitric acid to remove any unwanted ions. 2. Silver nitrate is added: With the chloride ion (Cl-), a white precipitate of silver chloride is formed: Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) AgCl (s) With the bromide ion (Br-), a creamy precipitate of silver bromide is formed: Ag+ (aq) + Br- (aq) AgBr (s) With the iodide ion (I-), a creamy-yellowish precipitate of silver iodide is formed: Ag+ (aq) + l- (aq) Agl (s) 3. Confirming the identity of the ions using aqueous ammonia: With dilute aqueous ammonia, the precipitate AgCl dissolves With Concentrated ammonia, the precipitate AgBr dissolves The precipitate AgI doesnt dissolve in ammonia Why does this happen: The left over silver (I) ions in the solution react with the ammonia to form the diamminesilver (I) ion (Ag(NH3)2)+. This lowers the concentration of the silver (I) ions even more allowing the silver halide precipitate to dissolve.

Using concentrated hydrochloric acid


1. With the chloride ion: NaCl + H2SO4 NaHSO4 + HCl Observation: White fumes of HCl produced. 2. With the bromide and iodide ions: H2SO4 is an oxidizing agent and oxidize HBr and HI into Br2 and I2, and their colours can be seen. With HBr, sulphuric acid is reduced by HBr into SO2 NaBr + H2SO4 NaHSO4 + HBr 2 HBr + H2SO4 H2O + Br2 + SO2 Observation: Br2 is an orange vapour . With NaI, sulphuric acid is reduced by HI into SO2, S and H2S NaI + H2SO4 NaHSO4 + HI 2 HI + H2SO4 2 H2O + I2 + SO2 Observation: A black solid or a purple color in the solution. 6 HI + H2SO4 4 H2O + 3 I2 + S Observation: A yellow solid. 8 Hi + H2SO4 4 H2O + 4 I2 + H2S Observation: Stinky smell.

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