ALTAMIRA TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

WORK STUDY II
TOPIC 1 "TIME STUDY
PREDETERMINED

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING GROUP 1

4TH SEMESTER

MEMBERS

MIRIAM ARELY PEREZ MORALES

OBREGON HERNANDEZ MATEO

GARCIA ROMERO EDGAR

ORTA GONZALEZ TOMAS

HERNANDEZ IGLESIAS JULIO ABEL

 INDEX
INTRODUCTION
TOPIC 1 STUDY OF PREDETERMINED TIMES
1.1-FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF THE DIFFERENT METHODS OF
PREDETERMINED TIMES

WORK FACTOR
MTM
MOST
MODAPTS

1.2-DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATION OF THE SELECTED METHODS

SYNTHETIC TIMES OF BASIC MOVEMENTS

REPRESENTATIVE TIMES ESTABLISHED BY W.G. HOLMES
HAROLD ENGSTROM'S G.E. TECHNIQUE
DEFINITION OF SYNTHETIC TIMES OF MOVEMENTS
BASICS.
NECESSITY OF THE SYNTHETIC TIMES OF MOVEMENTS
BASICS.
DETAILED WORK SYSTEM -FACTOR
TIME AND METHOD MEASUREMENT (MTM).
PREDETERMINED TIME STUDY (Gonzalez, 2014)

The predetermined times are a collection of valid times assigned to

movements and groups of basic movements that cannot be evaluated
with accuracy according to the ordinary procedure of the time chronometric study.
They are the result of the study of a large number of operation samples.
diversified, with a device to keep track of time.

Due to their characteristics, these basic movements can be grouped.

adequately until forming the complete elements of operations being able to
quantify the time of these without the need for a stopwatch, in addition to the
advantages of a thorough analysis of the method.

The use of predetermined times is used to synthesize estimates.

made, since the different manual operations consist of different
combinations and permutations of a limited number of movements of the
members of the body, such as moving the hand towards an object, taking it,
move it and leave it, and because each of these small subdivisions
are common to a large number of manual operations, it is possible, technically and
economically, to obtain an expected execution time for each of
they.

Through these basic subdivisions, simply known as

movements, and their associated execution times, it is possible to reach:

Establish the different movements required by a given method.

Consult the tables of time values to obtain the time
expected to execute each of these movements.
Sum these times to obtain a total expected execution time.
of that method.
 The preset times are assigned to fundamental movements and to
groups of movements that cannot be accurately assessed by the
ordinary time study procedures with a stopwatch.

They are predetermined because they are used to predict the standard times of
new jobs that result from changing methods. Time systems
Defaults consist of a database of movement times.
basics. One must consider not only the main movement, but also the
complexities or interactions with other movements.

Advantages

It allows for a thorough analysis of the method.

It is an appropriate and competitive method for obtaining standard times.
No clock is needed to run the method.
Eliminate the need to rate performance.
It allows estimating the normal time of an operation even if it does not exist.
still.
It forces you to face continuous and constant improvements.

Disadvantages

This system is not common for all companies.

It is used in more than twelve different systems.
To achieve the highest percentage of credibility, it is necessary to
practice continues.
Only young people are selected to carry out this method.
 Application

One of the most important uses of predetermined time systems is the

development of standard data elements. With standard data, it is more
quickly establish the standard times for operations. With standard data
reasonable, it is economically feasible to establish standards on work
indirect, such as maintenance, material handling, documentation, and office.
inspection and similar operations. Likewise, with this data, analysts
They can economically calculate the operation times with cycles.
longs y many elements of short duration.

Equally important to the predetermined times is the analysis of

methods. Analysts who appreciate these systems may be more critical in
each workstation, as they must consider how improvements can be made.
Using a predetermined time system is simply to develop a
analysis of movements or methods with greater numerical detail, through the
identification of the best ways to eliminate inefficient therbligs and the
reduction of effective times.
1.1 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF
PREDETERMINED TIMES: WORK FACTOR, MTM, MOST,
MODAPTS, AMONG OTHERS. (Fishmonger, February)

WORK FACTOR:

Applied since 1934 by J.K. QUICK, he added "factors" to the operations.

work" to assess the difficulty of the movements.
This technique is based on four aspects to determine the factors to add to
a job, which are:

1. Movement of the human body.

2. Distance of the object.

3. Weight of the object.

4. Operation to be performed

The Work Factors technique is divided into three major modules, which
son

Detailed

It contains precise time standards for work measurements per day or for
payment plans with incentives, it is a precise tool for analysis of
method, and it is mainly used for short cycle operations and work
repetitive

Ready

It is used for measuring cycles greater than 0.1 minutes, obtaining data.
averages. The Ready Work-Factor is appropriate for operations that do not
require an analysis as precise as the Detailed Work-Factor. Generally, they
applies in jobs with medium production volumes.
 Brief

It is used for the determination of approximate times that are needed for the
realization of a certain part of the necessary work. This method is mostly
used for measuring times greater than 30 minutes or hours of processes or
different necessary tasks. It applies to tasks that require many mentions.
less detailed, like short run productions, the manual portion of
operations that are mainly carried out by the machine and operations not
repetitive with long time cycles that occur in workshop maintenance,
offices and many other functions of indirect labor.

THE MTM SYSTEM (METHOD OF TIME MEASUREMENT)

The MTM time measurement method provides time values of the
movimientos fundamentales de alcanzar, mover, girar, agarrar, posicionar,
detach and release. The authors define MTM as "a procedure that
analyze any manual operation or method based on basic movements
what is required to carry it out and assign a standard time to each movement
predetermined that is established by the nature of movement and the
conditions in the what himself carry out

It can be said that MTM is a procedure that analyzes any operation.

manual or the method for the basic movements required to perform it and assigns
for each movement a predetermined standard time that is established according to the
nature of movement and the conditions under which it takes place. Recognizes eight
manual movements, nine movements of the feet and body, and two movements
oculars, the time to perform each of them is affected by the combination
of physical and mental conditions. The unit of measurement for this method corresponds
to TMU (Time Measurement Unit), where each TMU is equivalent to 1x10-5 hour.

The M.T.M technique is measured in TMU, which is equivalent to 0.036 seconds and its
tables provide values of fundamental movement times such as:
reach, turn, move, grab, position, unhook and release.
The times established in the tables are provided by the analysis conducted in the table.
for film footage that was recorded in various work areas. The
The collected data were qualified by the Westinghouse technique, they were tabulated and
they analyzed to determine the degree of difficulty.

There are many versions of MTM such as:

M.T.M.–1

It is the original M.T.M., from which the other M.T.M.s are derived.

M.T.M.–2

It is an extension of the M.T.M.–1, it is applied when: the proportion of effort of

work cycle is greater than 1 minute, the cycle is not highly repetitive and when
the manual ratio of the duty cycle does not involve a large number of
simultaneous complex movements of the hands.

The only difference between the M.T.M–1 and the M.T.M.–2 is the cycle size.

M.T.M. - 3

It is used when there is an interest in saving time at the cost of some precision.
its accuracy is ± 5% and with a confidence level of 95%, the M.T.M.–3 is
apply when cycles are approximately 4 minutes.

It consists of only four categories of manual movements:

1. Handling. Sequence of movements with the purpose of controlling an object

with the hand or fingers and place it in a new location.
2. Transportation. Movement whose purpose is to move an object to a new
location with the hand or fingers.
3. Step and foot movements.
4. Bend down and stand up.
 MTM-V

It was developed by Svenska MTM Gruppen, the Swedish Association of

MTM, to apply it in the metal cutting operations. It has a use
particular in short runs of machining workshops. MTM-V does not cover the
time of the process that involves feedings and speeds. The
analysts use this system to establish the preparation times of
all common machine tools. Therefore, they can be calculated
standard times for elements such as setting up and dismantling supports,
templates, stops, cutting tools, and indicators. All cycles
24-minute manuals (40,000 TMU) or more established by MTM-V
they are within ±5% of those obtained with MTM-1 at a level of
95% confidence. MTM-V is about 23 times faster than MTM-

M.T.M. - C

It is used to determine the time proportions of the work performed in

offices, jobs such as: typing, reading, writing, identifying, among many others
others.

M.T.M. - M

It is used when one wishes to evaluate very small operations, operations that
they are almost impossible to be predicted by stopwatch.

M.T.M. - YOU

It is used for electrical testing activities. The M.T.M.–TE does not cover.
solutions to problems related to electrical testing, however, it provides
guidelines for research and recommendations to measure the work of said
activity.

M.T.M.–MEK

Its area of application is for single item productions or small batches.

and is used if the following occurs: Variation in the work method, tasks
difficulties and use of tools, equipment, and workspace of a character
universal.

MOST (Maynard Operation Sequence Technique)

It is a predetermined time calculation system that is primarily used
in the industry to establish the standard time in which an operator must
perform a task.

MOST is divided into 3 large blocks and these are used according to the dimensions.
of the task that is intended to be analyzed.

The three divisions are as follows:

MAXI-MOST
Analyze the long and infrequent operations (ranging from 2 minutes to several hours),
these operations occur less than 150 times a week and present great
variability. It is fast and not very accurate.

BASE-MOST
It is the point of the MINI-MOST and the MAXI-MOST, as this division analyzes
operations of 0.5 minutes to 3 minutes and presents an accuracy greater than the
MAXI-MOST, but smaller than the MINI.MOST.

MINI-MOST
Analyze short and very frequent operations (less than 1.6 minutes), said
operations occur more than 1500 times a week and their variability is very
little. It needs a detailed analysis but it is very precise.

MODAPTS (ARRANGEMENT
MODULAR DE TIMES STANDARDS
PREDETERMINED

It consists of the movement of objects through space, this technique

studies the fundamental movements of the human body, one of the
The disadvantages of MODAPTS are that its application has no scope for the
use of tools, since she focuses on the activities carried out by
the operated.

This technique is based on conscious low control movements (ccb) and control
high consent (cca).

The unit of measure of MODAPTS is the MODS and each MODS has a value of
0.129 seconds.

Advantages

1. Easy training. With a qualified instructor, time is required.

of 40 hours of learning (approximately one third of the systems
similar ones).

2. Ease of application. Final standard times can be calculated.

after just a few minutes of observing the operation.

3. Accuracy. The tests that have been conducted have shown that the
standard time results derived from MODAPTS are comparable to the
from other measurement systems.

4. Operating economy. In companies that cannot afford the

cost of a group of specialists, staff members can establish the
standards, without prior knowledge of similar systems.

5. Diversity of uses. It is used for:

a) Audit existing work standards.

b) Set work standards in:

Direct work
Indirect work
Technical and office work
c) Estimate costs

d) Evaluate alternatives

Disadvantages:

Very short cycles (below 12 seconds for MODAPTS).

2. Machine operating time.

3. Delay of process (halt of process).

4. Rest and delay tolerance.

5. Detailed information.

Any other activity where the movement patterns are not

controlled.

MODAPTS (MODULAR ARRANGEMENT PREDETERMINED TIME STUDY)

Theoretical foundation.

1. MODAPTS:

It is a technique with predetermined time modules that is used to obtain

standard times in human work activities.

A Mod: It is a unit of physical work.

2. THE MODAPTS TECHNIQUE HAS 21 QUALIFICATIONS WITH

WHICH TIME STANDARDS CAN BE OBTAINED.

3. INTERNAL CONSISTENCY:

The Modapts technique has internal consistency.

If a group of people with the same training and using the same technique

In an operation, all people should take the same amount of time.

I. In order for an activity to be standardized, it is necessary that everyone

the movements be identified.

II. When the movements of an operation are not consistent, they do not

will be able to establish a standard time.

3. LIMITATIONS OF MODAPTS:

(Possibilities of the production rhythm when working with a machine)

I. The production rhythm is established by the worker.

In this case, Modapts is applied at 100%.

II. The production rhythm is set by the machine.

In this case, the Modapts does not apply, meaning 0%.

III. The production rate is a combination of the worker and the machine.

In this case, Modapts is applied at 100%.

2.2. CHARACTERISTICS
 1.2 DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATION OF THE SELECTED METHODS
(Portillo, 2015) (Gonzalez, 2014)

THEORETICAL FOUNDATION

SYNTHETIC TIMES OF BASIC MOVEMENTS

Taylor saw the convenience of assigning time elements to each one.
of the basic divisions of movements.

2. REPRESENTATIVE TIMES ESTABLISHED BY W.G. HOLMES

1. Hand with hinge movement in the wrist, 0.0022 min. When it moves
from 0 to 2 inches.
2. Arm with angular movement at the shoulder, 0.0060 min. When moving 30 degrees.
3. Nervous reaction, from the eye to thebrainor vice versa, 0.0003 min.

3. HAROLD ENGSTROM'S G.E. TECHNIQUE

1. Analyze certain types of simple work such as assembly or a
machine operation.
The standards that are developed should be restricted to aclassparticular of
work.
A time study of the tasks is conducted to determine the elements.
basics of which they are composed.
3. Photographing those work studies to analyze micro movements.
4. Evaluate worker efforts.
Based on thevideomake combinations of therbligs.
A) OBTAIN: It encompassestransportationin empty when holding.
B) LOCATE: It encompasses transportation with cargo, prior placement, placing and releasing the
load.
C) DISPOSE: To put
6. Tabular data.

4. DEFINITION OF THE SYNTHETIC TIMES OF THE MOVEMENTS

BASICS.
They are a collection of valid time standards, assigned to movements.
ygroupsof fundamental movements, which cannot be evaluated, with
accuracy, with theprocedureordinary of the chronometric study of times. They are
the result of logical combinations of therbligs.

5. NEED FOR THE SYNTHETIC TIMES OF THE MOVEMENTS

BASIC.
Since 1945 there has been a markedinterestin the application of synthetic times of
the basic movements, as a method to establish exact values without using
stopwatch.
It is an ally for measuring work.
It is a basis for proposing better methods.

6. DETAILED WORK SYSTEM -FACTOR

Recognize the followingvariablesthat influence the time required for
execute a task.
The body part that performs the movement such as: Arm, forearm,
finger, hand, foot.
2. The distance moved (in inches).
3. The weight carried (in pounds).
Thecontrolmanualrequired (care, directional control, or directing towards
oneobjectivechange ofaddressstop at a defined site; measured in
work factors) .

7. TIME AND METHOD MEASUREMENT (MTM).

Give time values for the fundamental movements:
REACH
MOVING
TURN
ASIR
PUT IN POSITION
disembark
LET GO
It is a procedure that analyzes a method or a manual operation in the
basic movements for its execution, and assign a standard to each movement
of predetermined time that is evaluated by the nature of the movement and the
conditions under which it takes place.
Currently, the MTM has received worldwide recognition.
Example: if the right hand extends 20 inches to reach and take a
nut, the classification would be R20C and the time value of 19.8 TMU.
See section x, table 19-4.
If at the same time the left hand reaches 10 inches to grab the screw, it
classifies R10C with a value of 12.9 TMU.
The right hand would be the limiting factor and the value 12.9 of the left hand I do not know.
it would be used when calculating normal time.

8. MOST
Adevelopmentfrom MTM called MOST (MAYNARD OPERATION SEQUENCE)
TECHNIQUE).
It is a simplified system developed by Kjell B. ZANDIN and that was applied in
Saab-Scania, in 1967.
The Most uses larger blocks of fundamental movements than the MTM-2
and consequently theanalysisof the work content of an operation can
to get done more quickly.
To identify the exact way in which a general movement is executed, the
analysts consider distance subactivities of theactionhorizontal distance
body movement, vertical, gain control and positioning.
El Most uses index numbers 0, 1, 3, 6, 10, and 16.
Around 50% of manual labor occurs as general displacement:
walk to a location, lean down to take an object, reach it and win
control over himself, getting up after the bow and placing the object.
The controlled displacement sequence covers operationsmanualshow
turn, pull a starter lever, operate a steering wheel or
activate a start switch.
In the execution of controlled shift sequences, they can
prevail the following subactivities: range of action, movement of
body, gain control, controlled displacement, process time and
alignment. The final sequence in Most is equipment use / tool use,
cut, calibrate, hold and write or record withtools.
MINIMOST: Measures identical short cycle operations.
MAXIMOST: Measures long cycle operations with significant variation in the
real method of cycle to cycle.

9. MODAPTS (MODULAR ARRANGEMENT PREDETERMINED TIME STUDY)

It is a technique for determining standard times through modules in
human work activities.
NOTEBOOK
CONCLUSION

After analyzing what the aforementioned topics consisted of, we

it concluded that predetermined times are a system of norms or techniques
of measuring work in which fixed times are used for all
those basic human body movements, with a purpose of establishing
the time required for any task that is carried out according to its norm of
execution.

In other words, the activities carried out in class were taken into account and were given to
to know that the predetermined times are a set of movement tables
that explains time with explicit rules and likewise with instructions
about each value to be realized.

Similarly, those factors or methods on which it focuses are mentioned.

the study of time such as work factor, MTM, MOST, MODAPTS.

With these activities and information, we have taken another step in our career.
as professionals as it indicates the importance of such movements,
times that will be executed in different work areas in the industries.

Thanks to these small movement systems, we can analyze each

work situation concerning the movements of the worker, we can
analyze times and optimize every process involving movements of the
operator.