FERRARIS THEOREM

The brilliant idea that eliminates the collector of AC or alternating current motors
It was held by Galileo Ferraris whose idea was embodied in his Ferraris Theorem.

The story goes that Ferraris was an Italian physicist who managed with this theorem to remove
the brushes of the motor invented by the well-known Nicola Tesla.
The Ferraris theorem states that for a set of separated coils
equidistant and through which sinusoidal currents out of phase in time circulate
create a sinusoidal magnetic field that moves through space with an equal frequency
the current flows through the coils.

Explanation of the theorem.

Three sinusoidal waves A, B, and C are fixed in space but not in time anymore.
which oscillate, the sum of these three waves is the purple wave that describes the
Ferrari's theorem and this wave does travel in space and not in time.
The three waves are the three currents of the three-phase system and circulate one for each pair of
poles or coils.
This moving sine wave is what replaces the commutator in DC motors or
universals and it is what rotates the rotor in AC motors or alternating current motors.

Graphical demonstration of Ferraris' Theorem.

-A
-B
-C
Ferraris
 APPLICATION IN THE INDUSTRY OF THE
ALTERNATING CURRENT GENERATORS

Factories with high demands for direct current energy are ideal places
for these, especially those who do electroplating or production of materials
industrial and compounds such as aluminum and chlorine.
The main application of the alternator is to generate electric alternating current.
alternative to deliver to the power grid, although also, since the invention of the
silicon rectifiers are the main source of electrical energy in all types of
vehicles such as cars, planes, boats, and trains, displacing the dynamo for being
more efficient and economical. Electrical energy can be used as a source and destination.
of numerous applications. Two classes are used for its production and utilization.
device generalities.

Generators, which convert some type of energy (chemical, mechanical) into electrical.

The engines, which perform a reverse transformation and use that electrical energy to
generate movement.
These two types of elements can use direct currents (which always flow)
in the same direction) or alternating currents (where the direction of the current reverses
periodically).
Alternating current generators are the most commonly used, they are used in cars.
It is the alternator where alternating current is generated and at the output it is rectified with 6 diodes.
to convert it into direct current. It can also be produced with small plants
emergency power of 1Kw in homes and with medium power plants in clinics
and hospitals for emergency cases. In higher capacity plants to light up
small villages, fields, and hamlets which are powered by diesel engines. When
we are talking about high power generators in hydroelectric plants like Gurí,
Macagua etc. which are water-driven generators, we also have the plants
thermoelectric plants whose turbines are driven by steam.
The most common uses are:
Supply of electrical energy in general
Automobiles
Supply of electrical power to remote areas or isolated equipment or machines and/or
lacking electrification (plants or factories)
Auxiliary and/or emergency equipment (hospitals, industrial plants, shopping centers)
Examples:
The universal motor is used in fans, blowers, mixers, and drills.
portable electric systems and other applications where high speed with loads is required
weak or low speed with a very powerful torque.
The synchronous motor is essentially a three-phase alternator that works in reverse.
constant speed of a synchronous motor is advantageous in certain devices. However,
this type of motors cannot be used in applications where the mechanical load
about the engine becomes very large, since if the engine reduces its speed when it is
Under load, it may become out of phase with the frequency of the current and come to a stop.
Synchronous motors can operate with a single-phase power source by
the inclusion of the appropriate circuit elements to achieve a magnetic field
roundabout
The simplest of all types of electric motors is the induction motor.
asynchronous squirrel cage used with three-phase power. The armature of this
This type of motor consists of three fixed coils and is similar to that of the synchronous motor. The
The rotating element consists of a core, in which a series of conductors is included.
of large capacity placed in a circle around the tree and parallel to it. When not
they have a core, the rotor conductors resemble cylindrical cages in their shape that
they were used for the squirrels. The flow of the three-phase current within the coils of the
fixed armor generates a rotating magnetic field, and this induces a current in the
cage drivers.
Squirrel cage rotor motors can be used with alternating current.
single-phase using various inductance and capacitance devices, which alter the
characteristics of single-phase voltage and make them similar to two-phase. These motors are
they are called multiphase motors or capacitor motors (or capacitance motors), according to the
devices they use. Single-phase squirrel cage motors do not have a torque of
large start, and repulsion-induction motors are used for applications in the
what is required the pair

This type of motors can be multiphase or capacitor, but they have a

manual or automatic switch that allows current to flow between the brushes
of the switch when the engine starts, and the short circuits of all segments
from the switch, after the motor reaches a critical speed. The motors of
repulsion induction is called so because its starting pair depends on the
repulsion between the rotor and the stator, and its torque, while in operation, depends
of induction. Series battery motors with commutators, which operate both
With direct current as with alternating current, they are called universal motors.
These are made in small sizes and are used in household appliances.