IBA BBA Pre-batch
Math Lecture- 03
Percentage
𝑋
Percent means parts per hundred. Basically X% means 100
. They can be expressed as ratios as X:100.
30 3
For Example: 30% = 100
= 10
= 0.3
● To convert a percentage to a fraction, multiply the fraction by 100.
1 1
For example: 5
= 5
×100 = 20%
It is important to keep the following values in mind to solve maths quickly-
1/2 = 0.5 = 50% 1/5 = 0.20 = 20% 1/10 = 0.10 = 10%
1/3 = 0.333 = 33.33% 1/6 = 0.166 = 16.67% 2/3 = 0.666 = 66.67%
1/4 = 0.25 = 25% 1/8 = 0.125 = 12.5% 3/4 = 0.75 = 75%
● To calculate x% of a number y, we need to multiply y by x%.
25
For Example: 25% of 300 = ( 100 )×300 = 75.
● 100% of a number is the number itself. For Example: 100% of 30 = (100/100)× 30 = 30.
● To calculate what % of a number ‘x’ is another number ‘y’, we multiply (y/x) by 100.
For example: 10 is what % of 50?
Answer: (10/50) × 100 = 20.
● If a number ‘x’ increases by y %, the result is x + (y% of x), or, x×(1+y%)
For example: If 50 increases by 20 %, the result is,
● 50 +( 20 % of 50) = (50 + 10) = 60
or,
● 50 x 1.2 = 60
● If a number ‘x’ decreases by y%, the result is x – (y % of x), or, x×(1-y%)
For example: If 50 decreases by 20%, the result is,
● (50 – 20 % of 50) = (50 - 10) = 40
or
● 50 x (1- 0.2) = 50 x 0.8 = 40
Successive Change:
If the value of something changes by a% and then undergoes b% change again, the net change can be
calculated through the formula a ±b ±(ab/100)
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
● Change %= 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 × 100
For example: If you increase 50 to 60, what is the amount of increase in percentage?
Answer: (60-50)/50= 10/50= 20%
Class Practice
1. Shahjada sells 60 percent of the apples he had and throws away 15 percent of the remainder. Next
day he sells 50 percent of the remainder and throws away the rest. What percent of his apples does
Shahjada throw away in total?
a. 17 b. 23 c. 32 d. 34 e. None of these
2. The price of a book is 200% of a pen. If the price of the pen increases by 10% and the price of the
book decreases by 10%, what percent of the pen’s original price is the new combined price of the pen
and book?
a. 300 b. 290 c. 280 d. 260 e. None of these
3. Mr. X spends 72% of his income on clothing, 20% on food, 5% on gifts and the remaining Tk. 330 on
lottery tickets. What is his income? (BBA 94-95)
(A) 8,000 (B) 9,000 (C) 10,000 (D) 11,000 (E) 12,000
4. In a flight, 40% of passengers pre-ordered duck, 30% pre-ordered chicken. The rest 24 passengers
didn’t pre-order their dinner. What is the maximum number of duck meals that could be required on
that flight?
a. 36 b. 24 c. 32 d. 56 e. Cannot be determined
5. What is 10% of y/2, if 4y/5 is 10% of 800?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 5 d. 4 e. None of these
6. A superstore gives an 8% discount on any purchase between 4000-6000 Taka. Any purchase above
that, results in a 12% discount on the entire sum. If a person received a discount of Tk. 900 after a
purchase, what was the value of the purchase?
a. 5800 b. 6000 c. 7200 d. 7500 e. 7800
7. Oishee’s salary went down from 81,000 Taka to 72,000 Taka as her company faced some losses. By
what % should her salary be increased to restore her original salary?
a.20% b. 16% c. 9% d. 12.5% e. 11.11%
8. If the price of fish increases by 20%, by how much must a user cut down his consumption so that his
expenditure on petrol remains constant?
a. 25% b. 20% c. 16.67% d. 80% e. None of these
9. A table and chair costs Tk.8000 combined. If the price of the chair went down by 5% and the price of
the table went up by 5%, the combined price becomes Tk. 8150. What was the original price of the
chair?
a. 6000 b. 2000 c. 5500 d. 2500 e. None of these
10. If the price of petrol increases by 25% and Boltu intends to spend only an additional 15% on petrol,
by how much % will he reduce the quantity of petrol purchased?
a. 20% b. 15% c. 12.5% d. 10% e. None of these
Profit Loss
Cost Price: Cost price is the price at which a person purchases a product
Selling Price: Selling price is the price at which a person sells a product.
Profit: When a person sells a product at a higher rate than the cost price, then the difference between
both amounts.
Loss: When a person sells a product at a lower rate than the cost price, then the difference between
both amounts.
● Profit Formula = Selling price – Cost ● Loss = Cost Price – Selling Price
price
Market Price: It is the price that is marked on an article or commodity. It is also known as list price or
tag price. If there is no discount on the marked price, then the selling price is equal to the marked
price.
Markup: It is the amount by which cost price is increased to reach market price. Markup = market
price – cost price
Discount: The reduction offered by a merchant on a marked price is called a discount.
Profit/Loss is always counted on Cost Price. Discount is always counted on Selling Price.
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡/𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠
● Profit/Loss%= 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 × 100
Class Practice
11. Shahriar buys a television for Tk. 24000. He wants to make a 40% profit on selling it. What
should be his selling price?
a. 28800 b. 32500 c. 33600 d. 37500 e. None of these
12. Rafid sold his iphone which he bought for Tk.70000 at a loss of 10%. If he wants to sell the
phone at 15% profit, by how much more will he have to sell the phone than his actual selling
price?
a. 3500 b. 14000 c. 17500 d. 18000 e. None of these
13. A farmer sold a truck full of grains at a 20% profit to a wholesaler. The wholesaler sold the
grains to a retailer at a 33.33% profit. The retailer sold the grains at a 15% loss to a consumer. If
the consumer bought the grains for Tk. 3400, what was the cost price for the farmer?
a. 2000 b. 2500 c. 3000 d. 4000 e. None of these
14. 5% of the total items a wholesaler purchases turn out to be defects and 15% of the total items
perish in his warehouse. How much profit does he need to make from selling the rest to ensure an
overall profit of 20%?
a. 20% b. 25% c. 37.5% d. 40% e. 50%
15. Upon selling a good for Taka 720, a trader makes a profit of 20%. If he decides to make a
profit of 12% by offering a discount, what should be the difference between the old selling price
and the new selling price?
a. 42 b. 48 c. 50 d. 64 e. None of these
16. Ankan got 30% concession on the labeled price of a cricket bat and sold it for Tk. 8750 with
25% profit on the price he bought. What was the labeled price?
a. 10000 b. 12000 c. 12400 d. 13900 e. None of these
17. If the cost price of 20 articles is equal to the selling price of 16 articles, what is the percentage
of profit that the merchant makes?
a. 10% b. 20% c. 25% d. 40% e. None of these
18. A man buys bananas at the rate of x Taka per dozen. He then sells them at 1.5x Taka per 10
bananas. What is his profit rate?
a. 20 b. 40 c. 80 d. 60 e. None of these
19. Nony bought a gaming console and sold it at a 20% loss. If he had bought the console for 90
Taka less and sold it for 75 Taka more, he could have made a profit of 50%. What was the cost
price of the console?
a. 250 b. 300 c. 340 d. 400 e. None of these
20. A company increased the price of their product by 20% and sales fell by 10%. The change in
revenue here is?
a. –10% b. +10% c. –8% d. +8% e. None of these
Dishonest Seller
When using false weight, Gain%= [(True weight – false weight)/ false weight] x 100.
Or, a shortcut way is to make a ratio between the SP and CP. Whenever the shopkeeper makes a
gain, put the bigger number on top. Whenever the shopkeeper faces a loss, put the bigger
𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒
number on the bottom, 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒
21. A dealer professing to sell at cost price, uses a 900 gms weight for a kilogram. His gain
percent is:
(A) 9% (B) 10% (C) 11.11% (D) 12% (E) 13%
22. A tradesman by means of a false balance defrauds to the extent of 8% in buying goods and
also defrauds to 8% in selling. His gain percent is:
(a) 15.48% (b) 16% (c) 16.64 (d) none
23. A dishonest shopkeeper marks up his goods by 20% of his cost price and gives a 10% discount
on it. At the time of selling the goods he uses a 900 gram weight instead of 1 kg weight and at the
time of buying he uses 1100 gram instead of 1 kg. Find his profit%-
a. 12.5% b. 16.5% c. 30% d. 32% e. 36%
