[Link] of JDK and compiling a simple Java program.
Installing JDK and Compiling a Simple Java Program
Java Development Kit (JDK) is essential for compiling and running Java programs. Follow
these steps for installation and compilation:
1. Installing JDK
Steps for Windows:
1. Download JDK:
o Visit Oracle JDK or OpenJDK and download the latest version.
2. Install JDK:
o Run the downloaded installer and follow on-screen instructions.
o Install it in the default directory: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-VERSION.
3. Set Environment Variables (Optional for manual setup):
o Open System Properties > Advanced System Settings > Environment
Variables.
o Under System Variables, find Path and add:
o C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-VERSION\bin
o Set JAVA_HOME:
o C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-VERSION
4. Verify Installation:
o Open Command Prompt and type:
o java -version
o You should see the installed JDK version.
Steps for Linux/macOS:
1. Open Terminal and install OpenJDK using:
2. sudo apt install openjdk-17-jdk # For Ubuntu/Debian
3. sudo yum install java-17-openjdk # For CentOS/Fedora
4. brew install OpenJDK # For macOS
5. Verify installation:
6. java -version
2. Writing & Compiling a Simple Java Program
Step 1: Create a Java File
1. Open a text editor (Notepad, VS Code, IntelliJ, etc.).
2. Write a simple program and save it as [Link]:
3. public class HelloWorld {
4. public static void main (String [] args) {
5. [Link]("Hello, World!");
6. }
7. }
Step 2: Compile the Java Program
1. Open Command Prompt (Windows) or Terminal (Linux/macOS).
2. Navigate to the file's location using cd command:
3. cd path/to/file
4. Compile the program:
5. javac [Link]
(This creates [Link].)
Step 3: Run the Java Program
1. Execute the compiled program:
2. java HelloWorld
3. Output:
4. Hello, World!
2. Programming exercise on control flow statement,operators
and looping statements in Java.
Java Programming Exercise: Control Flow, Operators & Looping Statements.
Here's an exercise to practice control flow statements, operators, and loops in Java.
Exercise Objective:
Write a Java program that takes user input (a number) and performs the following
operations:
1. Checks if the number is even or odd using an if-else statement.
2. Uses a switch-case to determine if the number is positive, negative, or zero.
3. Performs basic arithmetic operations using operators.
4. Uses a loop (for, while, or do-while) to print a sequence of numbers up to the
entered number.
Java Program Implementation
import [Link];
public class ControlFlowDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);
// Taking user input
[Link]("Enter a number: ");
int num = [Link]();
// 1. Check if the number is even or odd
if (num % 2 == 0) {
[Link](num + " is an Even number.");
} else {
[Link](num + " is an Odd number.");
// 2. Use switch-case to determine positivity
switch ([Link](num)) {
case 1:
[Link](num + " is Positive.");
break;
case -1:
[Link](num + " is Negative.");
break;
case 0:
[Link](num + " is Zero.");
break;
default:
[Link]("Invalid input.");
// 3. Perform basic arithmetic operations
[Link]("Addition: " + (num + 5));
[Link]("Multiplication: " + (num * 2));
[Link]("Division by 2: " + (num / 2));
// 4. Loop to print numbers up to the entered number
[Link]("Numbers from 1 to " + num + ":");
for (int i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
[Link](i + " ");
}
[Link]();
What This Program Demonstrates
Control Flow: Uses if-else and switch-case to make decisions.
Operators: Uses arithmetic operators (+, *, /).
Loops: Uses a for loop to print numbers.
User Input Handling: Uses Scanner to read input from the user.
[Link] to scan the input using input scanner class.
Here's a simple Java program that demonstrates how to scan user input using the Scanner
class.
Java Program Using Scanner Class
import [Link]; // Import Scanner class
public class InputScannerExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create a Scanner object
Scanner scanner = new Scanner([Link]);
// Prompt user for input
[Link]("Enter your name: ");
String name = [Link](); // Read a string input
[Link]("Enter your age: ");
int age = [Link](); // Read an integer input
[Link]("Enter your height (in cm): ");
double height = [Link](); // Read a decimal (double) input
// Display user input
[Link]("\nUser Details:");
[Link]("Name: " + name);
[Link]("Age: " + age);
[Link]("Height: " + height + " cm");
// Close the scanner
[Link]();
Explanation
Scanner scanner = new Scanner([Link]); – Creates an object to read input from the
keyboard.
[Link](); – Reads a full line of text (for names or sentences).
[Link](); – Reads an integer input (for age).
[Link](); – Reads a floating-point number (for height).
[Link](); – Always close the Scanner to avoid resource leaks.
Example User Input & Output
Enter your name: John
Enter your age: 25
Enter your height (in cm): 175.5
User Details:
Name: John
Age: 25
Height: 175.5 cm
[Link] exercise on arrays and functions in Java
Java Programming Exercise: Arrays & Functions
Here's a fun exercise to practice arrays and functions in Java.
Exercise Objective:
Create a Java program that:
1. Defines an array of numbers.
2. Uses functions to:
o Find the sum of all elements.
o Find the maximum and minimum values in the array.
o Sort the array in ascending order.
Java Program Implementation
import [Link];
public class ArrayFunctionsExample {
// Function to calculate the sum of array elements
public static int calculateSum(int[] arr) {
int sum = 0;
for (int num : arr) {
sum += num;
}
return sum;
}
// Function to find the maximum value in the array
public static int findMax(int[] arr) {
int max = arr[0];
for (int num : arr) {
if (num > max) {
max = num;
}
}
return max;
}
// Function to find the minimum value in the array
public static int findMin(int[] arr) {
int min = arr[0];
for (int num : arr) {
if (num < min) {
min = num;
}
}
return min;
}
// Function to sort the array in ascending order
public static void sortArray(int[] arr) {
[Link](arr);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Initialize an array with numbers
int[] numbers = {45, 12, 78, 34, 89, 23};
// Call functions and display results
[Link]("Original Array: " + [Link](numbers));
[Link]("Sum of Elements: " + calculateSum(numbers));
[Link]("Maximum Value: " + findMax(numbers));
[Link]("Minimum Value: " + findMin(numbers));
// Sorting the array
sortArray(numbers);
[Link]("Sorted Array: " + [Link](numbers));
}
}
What This Program Demonstrates
Arrays: Stores multiple elements of the same type.
Functions: Helps organize logic into reusable methods.
Loops & Conditions: Used inside functions for calculations.
Sorting: Uses [Link]() to order elements efficiently.
Example Output
Original Array: [45, 12, 78, 34, 89, 23]
Sum of Elements: 281
Maximum Value: 89
Minimum Value: 12
Sorted Array: [12, 23, 34, 45, 78, 89]
5. Program to demonstrate the concept of classes and
objects using access specifiers.
Java Program: Demonstrating Classes, Objects & Access Specifiers
Access specifiers in Java control the visibility of variables, methods, and classes.
Here's a program to showcase public, private, protected, and default access
specifiers using classes and objects.
Java Code Implementation
// Define a class with different access specifiers
class Person {
// Private variable (Accessible only inside this class)
private String name;
// Protected variable (Accessible within the package & subclasses)
protected int age;
// Default variable (Accessible within the same package)
String city;
// Public variable (Accessible from anywhere)
public String country;
// Constructor to initialize values
public Person(String name, int age, String city, String country) {
[Link] = name;
[Link] = age;
[Link] = city;
[Link] = country;
}
// Public method to display information
public void displayInfo() {
[Link]("Name: " + name); // Accessing private variable within the
class
[Link]("Age: " + age);
[Link]("City: " + city);
[Link]("Country: " + country);
}
}
public class AccessSpecifiersExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create an object of the Person class
Person person1 = new Person("Alice", 25, "Mumbai", "India");
// Accessing public variable directly
[Link]("Country: " + [Link]);
// Accessing default and protected variables (Allowed within the same package)
[Link]("City: " + [Link]);
[Link]("Age: " + [Link]);
// Private variable cannot be accessed directly -> Uncommenting the line below
will cause an error
// [Link]([Link]); // Not Allowed
// Using a public method to access the private variable
[Link]();
}
}
Key Concepts Demonstrated
Classes & Objects – Person is a class, person1 is an object.
Access Specifiers:
• private → Accessible only within the class.
• protected → Accessible within the package & subclasses.
• default (no specifier) → Accessible within the same package.
• public → Accessible from anywhere.
Encapsulation – Private variables are accessed via public methods.
Example Output
Country: India
City: Mumbai
Age: 25
Name: Alice
Age: 25
City: Mumbai
Country: India
This program follows data encapsulation while controlling access levels via access
specifiers.
