Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation

SK BOSE

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1

Which keyword makes class members accessible outside the class in which they are declared?

1. Private
2. Protected
3. Public
4. Hidden

Answer

Public

Reason — Public keyword makes class members accessible outside the class in which they are
declared.

Question 2

Find the access specifier which prohibits a class member from being used outside a class:

1. Private
2. Public
3. Protected
4. None

Answer

Private

Reason — Private prohibits a class member from being used outside a class.

Question 3

A class object is also known as:

1. Identifier
2. Instance variable
3. Specifier
4. Modifier

Answer

Instance variable

Reason — A class object is also known as instance variable.

Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
Question 4

Which of the following statements is the most appropriate for the private members?

1. They are visible out of the class in which they are defined.
2. They can be used in the sub-classes.
3. They are only visible in the class in which they are declared.
4. None of the above.

Answer

They are only visible in the class in which they are declared.

Reason — Private data members and member methods can only be used within the scope of a class.

Question 5

Which of the following keywords are used to control access to a class member?

1. Default
2. Abstraction
3. Protected
4. Interface

Answer

Protected

Reason — The access specifier 'protected' is used to control access to a class member.

Question 6

Which of the members can be accessed globally?

1. Private
2. Public
3. Protected
4. All of the above

Answer

Public

Reason — Public data members can be accessed globally.

Question 7

The maximum number of objects of a class can be created as:

1. 1
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
2. 2
3. On the user's choice
4. Number of variables

Answer

On the user's choice

Reason — A user can create any number of objects of a class.

Question 8

A class contains:

1. Attributes and methods

2. A number of object of same types
3. Data and member function
4. All of the above

Answer

All of the above

Reason — A class contains attributes and methods, a number of object of same types, data and
member functions.

Question 9

Which of the following features is not the principle of OOP?

1. Encapsulation
2. Transparency
3. Inheritance
4. Polymorphism

Answer

Transparency

Reason — Transparency is not the principle of OOP.

Question 10

A package is a:

1. collection of data.
2. collection of functions.
3. collection of classes.
4. a nested class.
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
Answer

collection of classes.

Reason — A package is a collection of classes.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words

Question 1

Primitive data types are also called as fundamental data types.

Question 2

A user defined data type can be created by using a/an object.

Question 3

this keyword represents the current object in the member method.

Question 4

public members are accessible from anywhere in the program.

Question 5

If no access specifier is mentioned then default specifier is referred by default.

Question 6

private members are accessible only within the same class.

Question 7

protected members are accessible in its own class as well as in a sub class.

Case Study based question

Question 1

Given below is a class based program to accept name and price of an article and find the amount after
12% discount if the price exceeds 10,000 otherwise, discount is nil. There are some places in the
program left blank marked with ?1?, ?2?, ?3? and ?4? to be filled with appropriate
keyword/expression.

class Discount
(
int pr; double d, amt; String nm;
Scanner ob = ...?1?... Scanner(System.in);
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
void input( ) {
System.out.println("Enter customer's name:");
nm = ...?2?... ;
System.out.println("Enter price of the article:");
pr = ob.nextInt( );
}
void calculate() {
if (...?3?...)
d= ...?4?... ;
else
d = 0;
amt = pr - d;
}
void print() {
System.out.println("Name =" + nm);
System.out.println("Amount to be paid=" + amt);
}
}
Based on the above discussion, answer the following questions:

(a) What will be keyword /expression filled in place of ?1?

(b) What will be keyword/expression filled in place of ?2?

(c) What will be keyword /expression filled in place of ?3?

(d) What will be keyword /expression filled in place of ?4?

Answer

(a) new

(b) ob.nextLine()

(c) pr > 10000

(d) 12.0 / 100.0 * pr

The complete program is as follows:

class Discount
(
int pr; double d, amt; String nm;
Scanner ob = new Scanner(System.in);
void input( ) {
System.out.println("Enter customer's name:");
nm = ob.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter price of the article:");
pr = ob.nextInt( );
}
void calculate() {
if (pr > 10000)
d= 12.0 / 100.0 * pr;
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
else
d = 0;
amt = pr - d;
}
void print() {
System.out.println("Name =" + nm);
System.out.println("Amount to be paid=" + amt);
}
}

Answer the following questions

Question 1

Why is a class known as composite data type?

Answer

A composite data type is one which is composed with various primitive data types. A class can
contain various primitive data types as its data members so it is known as a composite data type.

Question 2

Name the types of data used in a class.

Answer

The types of data used in a class are as follows:

1. Access Specifiers
2. Instance Variables
3. Class Variables
4. Local Variables
5. Constructors
6. Member Methods

Question 3

What is the purpose of the new operator?

Answer

The purpose of new operator is to instantiate an object of the class by dynamically allocating memory
for it.

Question 4

Can a class be referred to as user defined data type?

Answer
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
Yes, a class be referred to as user defined data type since a class is created by the user.

Question 5

What is public access of a class?

Answer

When a class is declared with public access specifier it is said that the class is publicly accessible. A
publicly accessible class is visible everywhere both within and outside its package. For example:

public class Example {

//Class definition
}

Question 6

How are private members of a class different from public members?

Answer

The private members of a class are accessible only within the class in which they are declared while
the public members of the class are accessible both within and outside their class.

Question 7

Mention any two attributes required for class declaration.

Answer

Two attributes required for class declaration are the keyword 'class' and the name of the class.

Question 8

Explain instance variables. Give an example.

Answer

Variables that are declared inside a class without using the keyword 'static' and outside any member
methods are termed instance variables. Each object of the class gets its own copy of instance
variables. Consider the example given below:

class Cuboid {
private double height;
private double width;
private double depth;
private double volume;

public void input(int h, int w, int d) {

height = h;
width = w;
depth = d;
}
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE

public void computeVolume() {

volume = height * width * depth;
System.out.println("Volume = " + volume);
}
}
Here, the data members — height, width, depth and volume are instance variables.

Question 9

Explain any two types of access specifiers.

Answer

Two types of access specifiers are as follows:

1. private — A data member or member method declared as private is only accessible inside the
scope of a class in which it is declared.

2. public — A data member or member method declared as public is accessible inside as well as
outside of the class in which it is declared.

Question 10

What is meant by private visibility of a method?

Answer

A member method of a class declared with private access specifier is said to have private visibility.
Only the member methods of its own class can call this method.

Answer the questions given below (Long answer type)

Question 1

'Object is an instance of a class.' Explain this statement.

Answer

Class is a blueprint of an object. When a class is defined, it doesn't acquire any space in memory, it is
only the attributes that must be common to all the objects of that class. Moreover, when an object of a
class is created, it includes instance variables described within the class. This is the reason why an
object is called an instance of a class.

Question 2

Differentiate between built-in data types and user defined data types.

Answer
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
Built-In Data Types User Defined Data Types

Built-In Data Types are fundamental data types User Defined Data Types are created by the
defined by Java language specification. user.

Sizes of User Defined data types depend

Sizes of Built-In Data Types are fixed.
upon their constituent members.

Built-In Data Types are available in all parts of a Availability of User Defined data types
Java program. depends upon their scope.

User Defined data types are composed of

Built-In Data Types are independent components.
Built-In Data Types.

Question 3

Which of the following declarations are illegal and why?

(a) class abc{...}

(b) public class NumberOfDaysWorked{...}

(c) private int x;

(d) private class abc{...}

(e) default key getkey(...)

Answer

(a) Legal

(b) Legal

(c) Legal

(d) Illegal — only 'public' or no access specifier are allowed for class declaration

(e) Illegal — member method can't be explicitly marked 'default'

Question 4

Why can't every class be termed as user defined data type?

Answer

The classes that contain public static void main(String args[]) method are not considered as user
defined data type. Only the classes that don't contain this method are called user defined data type.
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
The presence of public static void main(String args[]) method in a class, converts it into a Java
application so it is not considered as a user defined data type.

Question 5

Differentiate between static data members and non-static data members.

Answer

Static Data Members Non-Static Data Members

They are declared using keyword 'static'. They are declared without using keyword 'static'.

All objects of a class share the same copy of Each object of the class gets its own copy of non-
static data members. static data members.

They can be accessed using the class name or They can be accessed only through an object of the
object. class.

Question 6

Differentiate between private and protected visibility modifiers.

Answer

Private members are only accessible inside the class in which they are defined and they cannot be
inherited by derived classes. Protected members are also only accessible inside the class in which they
are defined but they can be inherited by derived classes.

Question 7

Differentiate between instance variable and class variable.

Answer

Instance Variable Class Variable

They are declared without using keyword 'static'. They are declared using keyword 'static'.

Each object of the class gets its own copy of All objects of a class share the same copy of
instance variables. class variables.

They can be accessed only through an object of the They can be accessed using the class name or
class. object.
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
Solutions to Unsolved Java Programs

Question 1

Define a class Calculate to accept two numbers as instance variables. Use the following member
methods for the given purposes:

Class name — Calculate

Data members — int a, int b

Member methods:
void inputdata() — to input both the values
void calculate() — to find sum and difference
void outputdata() — to print sum and difference of both the numbers
Use a main method to call the functions.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Calculate

{
private int a;
private int b;
private int sum;
private int diff;

public void inputdata() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter first number: ");
a = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter second number: ");
b = in.nextInt();
}

public void calculate() {

sum = a + b;
diff = a - b;
}

public void outputdata() {

System.out.println("Sum = " + sum);
System.out.println("Difference = " + diff);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Calculate obj = new Calculate();
obj.inputdata();
obj.calculate();
obj.outputdata();
}
}
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
Output

Question 2

Define a class Triplet with the following specifications:

Class name — Triplet

Data Members — int a, int b, int c

Member Methods:
void getdata() — to accept three numbers
void findprint() — to check and display whether the numbers are Pythagorean Triplets or not.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Triplet

{
private int a;
private int b;
private int c;

public void getdata() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a: ");
a = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter b: ");
b = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter c: ");
c = in.nextInt();
}

public void findprint() {

if ((Math.pow(a, 2) + Math.pow(b, 2)) == Math.pow(c, 2)
|| (Math.pow(b, 2) + Math.pow(c, 2)) == Math.pow(a, 2)
|| (Math.pow(a, 2) + Math.pow(c, 2)) == Math.pow(b, 2))
System.out.print("Numbers are Pythagorean Triplets");
else
System.out.print("Numbers are not Pythagorean Triplets");
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Triplet obj = new Triplet();
obj.getdata();
obj.findprint();
}
}

Output
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE

Question 3

Define a class Employee having the following description:

Class name : Employee

Data Members Purpose

int pan To store personal account number

String name To store name

double taxincome To store annual taxable income

double tax To store tax that is calculated

Member functions Purpose

void input() Store the pan number, name, taxable income

void cal() Calculate tax on taxable income

void display() Output details of an employee

Calculate tax based on the given conditions and display the output as per the given format.

Total Annual Taxable Income Tax Rate

Up to ₹2,50,000 No tax

From ₹2,50,001 to ₹5,00,000 10% of the income exceeding ₹2,50,000

From ₹5,00,001 to ₹10,00,000 ₹30,000 + 20% of the income exceeding ₹5,00,000

Above ₹10,00,000 ₹50,000 + 30% of the income exceeding ₹10,00,000

Output:
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
Pan Number Name Tax-Income Tax
.......... .... .......... ...
.......... .... .......... ...
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Employee

{
private int pan;
private String name;
private double taxincome;
private double tax;

public void input() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter pan number: ");
pan = in.nextInt();
in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter Name: ");
name = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter taxable income: ");
taxincome = in.nextDouble();
}

public void cal() {

if (taxincome <= 250000)
tax = 0;
else if (taxincome <= 500000)
tax = (taxincome - 250000) * 0.1;
else if (taxincome <= 1000000)
tax = 30000 + ((taxincome - 500000) * 0.2);
else
tax = 50000 + ((taxincome - 1000000) * 0.3);
}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Pan Number\tName\tTax-Income\tTax");
System.out.println(pan + "\t" + name + "\t"
+ taxincome + "\t" + tax);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Employee obj = new Employee();
obj.input();
obj.cal();
obj.display();
}
}

Output
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
Question 4

Define a class Discount having the following description:

Class name : Discount

Data Members Purpose

int cost to store the price of an article

String name to store the customer's name

double dc to store the discount

double amt to store the amount to be paid

Member methods Purpose

void input() Stores the cost of the article and name of the customer

void cal() Calculates the discount and amount to be paid

void display() Displays the name of the customer, cost, discount and amount to be paid

Write a program to compute the discount according to the given conditions and display the output as
per the given format.

List Price Rate of discount

Up to ₹5,000 No discount

From ₹5,001 to ₹10,000 10% on the list price

From ₹10,001 to ₹15,000 15% on the list price

Above ₹15,000 20% on the list price

Output:

Name of the customer Discount Amount to be paid

.................... ........ .................
.................... ........ .................
import java.util.Scanner;
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE

public class Discount

{
private int cost;
private String name;
private double dc;
private double amt;

public void input() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter customer name: ");
name = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter article cost: ");
cost = in.nextInt();
}

public void cal() {

if (cost <= 5000)
dc = 0;
else if (cost <= 10000)
dc = cost * 0.1;
else if (cost <= 15000)
dc = cost * 0.15;
else
dc = cost * 0.2;

amt = cost - dc;

}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Name of the customer\tDiscount\tAmount to be
paid");
System.out.println(name + "\t" + dc + "\t" + amt);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Discount obj = new Discount();
obj.input();
obj.cal();
obj.display();
}
}

Output

Question 5

Define a class Telephone having the following description:

Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
Class name: Telephone

Data Members Purpose

int prv, pre to store the previous and present meter readings

int call to store the calls made (i.e. pre - prv)

String name to store name of the consumer

double amt to store the amount

double total to store the total amount to be paid

Member
Purpose
functions

void input() Stores the previous reading, present reading and name of the consumer

void cal() Calculates the amount and total amount to be paid

Displays the name of the consumer, calls made, amount and total amount to be
void display()
paid

Write a program to compute the monthly bill to be paid according to the given conditions and display
the output as per the given format.

Calls made Rate

Up to 100 calls No charge

For the next 100 calls 90 paise per call

For the next 200 calls 80 paise per call

More than 400 calls 70 paise per call

However, every consumer has to pay ₹180 per month as monthly rent for availing the service.

Output:

Name of the customer Calls made Amount to be paid

Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
.................... .......... .................
.................... .......... .................
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Telephone

{
private int prv;
private int pre;
private int call;
private String name;
private double amt;
private double total;

public void input() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter Customer Name: ");
name = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter previous reading: ");
prv = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter present reading: ");
pre = in.nextInt();
}

public void cal() {

call = pre - prv;
if (call <= 100)
amt = 0;
else if (call <= 200)
amt = (call - 100) * 0.9;
else if (call <= 400)
amt = (100 * 0.9) + (call - 200) * 0.8;
else
amt = (100 * 0.9) + (200 * 0.8) + ((call - 400) * 0.7);

total = amt + 180;

}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Name of the customer\tCalls made\tAmount to be
paid");
System.out.println(name + "\t" + call + "\t" + total);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Telephone obj = new Telephone();
obj.input();
obj.cal();
obj.display();
}
}

Output
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE

Question 6

Define a class Interest having the following description:

Class name : Interest

Data Members Purpose

int p to store principal (sum)

int r to store rate

int t to store time

double interest to store the interest to be paid

double amt to store the amount to be paid

Member functions Purpose

void input() Stores the principal, rate, time

void cal() Calculates the interest and amount to be paid

void display() Displays the principal, interest and amount to be paid

Write a program to compute the interest according to the given conditions and display the output.

Time Rate of interest

For 1 year 6.5%

For 2 years 7.5%

For 3 years 8.5%

For 4 years or more 9.5%

(Note: Time to be taken only in whole years)

Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Interest

{
private int p;
private float r;
private int t;
private double interest;
private double amt;

public void input() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter principal: ");
p = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter time: ");
t = in.nextInt();
}

public void cal() {

if (t == 1)
r = 6.5f;
else if (t == 2)
r = 7.5f;
else if (t == 3)
r = 8.5f;
else
r = 9.5f;

interest = (p * r * t) / 100.0;
amt = p + interest;
}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Principal: " + p);
System.out.println("Interest: " + interest);
System.out.println("Amount Payable: " + amt);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Interest obj = new Interest();
obj.input();
obj.cal();
obj.display();
}
}

Output

Question 7
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
Define a class Library having the following description:

Class name : Library

Data Members Purpose

String name to store name of the book

int price to store the printed price of the book

int day to store the number of days for which fine is to be paid

double fine to store the fine to be paid

Member functions Purpose

void input() To accept the name of the book and printed price of the book

void cal() Calculates the fine to be paid

void display() Displays the name of the book and fine to be paid

Write a program to compute the fine according to the given conditions and display the fine to be paid.

Days Fine

First seven days 25 paise per day

Eight to fifteen days 40 paise per day

Sixteen to thirty days 60 paise per day

More than thirty days 80 paise per day

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Library

{
private String name;
private int price;
private int day;
private double fine;
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
public void input() {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter name of the book: ");
name = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter printed price of the book: ");
price = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("For how many days fine needs to be paid: ");
day = in.nextInt();
}

public void cal() {

if (day <= 7)
fine = day * 0.25;
else if (day <= 15)
fine = (7 * 0.25) + ((day - 7) * 0.4);
else if (day <= 30)
fine = (7 * 0.25) + (8 * 0.4) + ((day - 15) * 0.6);
else
fine = (7 * 0.25) + (8 * 0.4) + (15 * 0.6) + ((day - 30) *
0.8);
}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Name of the book: " + name);
System.out.println("Fine to be paid: " + fine);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Library obj = new Library();
obj.input();
obj.cal();
obj.display();
}
}

Output

Question 8

Bank charges interest for the vehicle loan as given below:

Number of years Rate of interest

Up to 5 years 15%

More than 5 and up to 10 years 12%

Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
Number of years Rate of interest

Above 10 years 10%

Write a program to model a class with the specifications given below:

Class name: Loan

Data Members Purpose

int time Time for which loan is sanctioned

double principal Amount sanctioned

double rate Rate of interest

double interest To store the interest

double amt Amount to pay after given time

Member Methods Purpose

void getdata() To accept principal and time

To find interest and amount.

void calculate() Interest = (Principal*Rate*Time)/100
Amount = Principal + Interest

void display() To display interest and amount

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Loan

{
private int time;
private double principal;
private double rate;
private double interest;
private double amt;

public void getdata() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter principal: ");
principal = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter time: ");
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
time = in.nextInt();
}

public void calculate() {

if (time <= 5)
rate = 15.0;
else if (time <= 10)
rate = 12.0;
else
rate = 10.0;

interest = (principal * rate * time) / 100.0;

amt = principal + interest;
}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Interest = " + interest);
System.out.println("Amount Payable = " + amt);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Loan obj = new Loan();
obj.getdata();
obj.calculate();
obj.display();
}
}

Output

Question 9
Hero Honda has increased the cost of its vehicles as per the type of the engine using the following
criteria:

Type of Engine Rate of increment

2 stroke 10% of the cost

4 stroke 12% of the cost

Write a program by using a class to find the new cost as per the given specifications:

Class name: Honda

Data Members Purpose

int type To accept type of engine 2 stroke or 4 stroke

Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
Data Members Purpose

int cost To accept previous cost

Member Methods Purpose

void gettype() To accept the type of engine and previous cost

void find() To find the new cost as per the criteria given above

void printcost() To print the type and new cost of the vehicle

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Honda

{
private int type;
private int cost;
private double newCost;

public void gettype() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter type: ");
type = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter cost: ");
cost = in.nextInt();
}

public void find() {

switch (type) {
case 2:
newCost = cost + (cost * 0.1);
break;

case 4:
newCost = cost + (cost * 0.12);
break;

default:
System.out.println("Incorrect type");
break;
}
}

public void printcost() {

System.out.println("Type: " + type);
System.out.println("New cost: " + newCost);
}
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
public static void main(String args[]) {
Honda obj = new Honda();
obj.gettype();
obj.find();
obj.printcost();
}
}

Output

Question 10

Define a class called 'Mobike' with the following specifications:

Data Members Purpose

int bno To store the bike number

int phno To store the phone number of the customer

String name To store the name of the customer

int days To store the number of days the bike is taken on rent

int charge To calculate and store the rental charge

Member Methods Purpose

void input() To input and store the details of the customer

void compute() To compute the rental charge

void display() To display the details in the given format

The rent for a mobike is charged on the following basis:

Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
Days Charge

For first five days ₹500 per day

For next five days ₹400 per day

Rest of the days ₹200 per day

Output:

Bike No. Phone No. Name No. of days Charge

xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxx
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Mobike

{
private int bno;
private int phno;
private int days;
private int charge;
private String name;

public void input() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter Customer Name: ");
name = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter Customer Phone Number: ");
phno = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter Bike Number: ");
bno = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter Number of Days: ");
days = in.nextInt();
}

public void compute() {

if (days <= 5)
charge = days * 500;
else if (days <= 10)
charge = (5 * 500) + ((days - 5) * 400);
else
charge = (5 * 500) + (5 * 400) + ((days - 10) * 200);
}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Bike No.\tPhone No.\tName\tNo. of days
\tCharge");
System.out.println(bno + "\t" + phno + "\t" + name + "\t" + days
+ "\t" + charge);
}
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE

public static void main(String args[]) {

Mobike obj = new Mobike();
obj.input();
obj.compute();
obj.display();
}
}

Output

Question 11

Write a program using a class with the following specifications:

Class name: Caseconvert

Data Members Purpose

String str To store the string

Member
Purpose
Methods

void getstr() to accept a string

to obtain a string after converting each upper case letter into lower case
void convert()
and vice versa

void display() to print the converted string

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Caseconvert

{
private String str;
private String convStr;

public void getstr() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the string: ");
str = in.nextLine();
}

public void convert() {

Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
char arr[] = new char[str.length()];
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
if (Character.isUpperCase(str.charAt(i)))
arr[i] = Character.toLowerCase(str.charAt(i));
else if (Character.isLowerCase(str.charAt(i)))
arr[i] = Character.toUpperCase(str.charAt(i));
else
arr[i] = str.charAt(i);
}
convStr = new String(arr);
}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Converted String:");
System.out.println(convStr);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Caseconvert obj = new Caseconvert();
obj.getstr();
obj.convert();
obj.display();
}
}

Output

Question 12

Write a program by using a class with the following specifications:

Class name: Vowel

Data Members Purpose

String s To store the string

int c To count vowels

Member Methods Purpose

void getstr() to accept a string

void getvowel() to count the number of vowels

Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
Member Methods Purpose

void display() to print the number of vowels

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Vowel

{
private String s;
private int c;

public void getstr() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the string: ");
s = in.nextLine();
}

public void getvowel() {

String temp = s.toUpperCase();
c = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < temp.length(); i++) {
char ch = temp.charAt(i);
if (ch == 'A' || ch == 'E' || ch == 'I' || ch == 'O'
|| ch == 'U')
c++;
}
}

public void display() {

System.out.println("No. of Vowels = " + c);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Vowel obj = new Vowel();
obj.getstr();
obj.getvowel();
obj.display();
}
}

Output

Question 13

A bookseller maintains record of books belonging to the various publishers. He uses a class with the
specifications given below:

Class name — Stock

Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
Data Members:

1. String title — Contains title of the book

2. String author — Contains author name
3. String pub — Contains publisher's name
4. int noc — Number of copies

Member Methods:

1. void getdata() — To accept title, author, publisher's name and the number of copies.
2. void purchase(int t, String a, String p, int n) — To check the existence of the book in the
stock by comparing total, author's and publisher's name. Also check whether noc >n or not. If
yes, maintain the balance as noc-n, otherwise display book is not available or stock is under
flowing.

Write a program to perform the task given above.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Stock

{
private String title;
private String author;
private String pub;
private int noc;

public void getdata() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter book title: ");
title = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter book author: ");
author = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter book publisher: ");
pub = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter no. of copies: ");
noc = in.nextInt();
}

public void purchase(String t, String a, String p, int n) {

if (title.equalsIgnoreCase(t) &&
author.equalsIgnoreCase(a) &&
pub.equalsIgnoreCase(p)) {
if (noc > n) {
noc -= n;
System.out.println("Updated noc = " + noc);
}
else {
System.out.println("Stock is under flowing");
}
}
else {
System.out.println("Book is not available");
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
}
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Stock obj = new Stock();
obj.getdata();
obj.purchase("wings of fire", "APJ Abdul Kalam",
"universities press", 10);
obj.purchase("Ignited Minds", "APJ Abdul Kalam",
"Penguin", 5);
obj.purchase("wings of fire", "APJ Abdul Kalam",
"universities press", 20);
}
}

Output

Question 14

Write a program by using class with the following specifications:

Class name — Characters

Data Members:

1. String str — To store the string

Member Methods:

1. void input (String st) — to assign st to str

2. void check_print() — to check and print the following:
(i) number of letters
(ii) number of digits
(iii) number of uppercase characters
(iv) number of lowercase characters
(v) number of special characters

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Characters

{
private String str;

public void input(String st) {

str = st;
}

public void check_print() {

int cLetters = 0, cDigits = 0, cUpper = 0, cLower = 0,
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
cSpecial = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {

char ch = str.charAt(i);
if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') {
cLetters++;
cUpper++;
}
else if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') {
cLetters++;
cLower++;
}
else if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
cDigits++;
}
else if (!Character.isWhitespace(ch)) {
cSpecial++;
}
}

System.out.println("Number of Letters: " + cLetters);

System.out.println("Number of Digits: " + cDigits);
System.out.println("Number of Upppercase Characters: "
+ cUpper);
System.out.println("Number of Lowercase Characters: "
+ cLower);
System.out.println("Number of Special Characters: "
+ cSpecial);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the string: ");
String s = in.nextLine();
Characters obj = new Characters();
obj.input(s);
obj.check_print();
}
}

Output

Question 15

Define a class Student with the following specifications:

Class Name : Student

Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
Data Members Purpose

String name To store the name of the student

int eng To store marks in English

int hn To store marks in Hindi

int mts To store marks in Maths

double total To store total marks

double avg To store average marks

Member Methods Purpose

void accept() To input marks in English, Hindi and Maths

void compute() To calculate total marks and average of 3 subjects

void display() To show all the details viz. name, marks, total and average

Write a program to create an object and invoke the above methods.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Student

{
private String name;
private int eng;
private int hn;
private int mts;
private double total;
private double avg;

public void accept() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter student name: ");
name = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter marks in English: ");
eng = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter marks in Hindi: ");
hn = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter marks in Maths: ");
mts = in.nextInt();
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
}

public void compute() {

total = eng + hn + mts;
avg = total / 3.0;
}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Name: " + name);
System.out.println("Marks in English: " + eng);
System.out.println("Marks in Hindi: " + hn);
System.out.println("Marks in Maths: " + mts);
System.out.println("Total Marks: " + total);
System.out.println("Average Marks: " + avg);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Student obj = new Student();
obj.accept();
obj.compute();
obj.display();
}
}

Output

Question 16

Define a class called ParkingLot with the following description:

Class name : ParkingLot

Data Members Purpose

int vno To store the vehicle number

int hours To store the number of hours the vehicle is parked in the parking lot

double bill To store the bill amount

Member
Purpose
Methods

void input( ) To input the vno and hours

Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
Member
Purpose
Methods

void calculate( To compute the parking charge at the rate ₹3 for the first hour or the part thereof
) and ₹1.50 for each additional hour or part thereof.

void display() To display the detail

Write a main method to create an object of the class and call the above methods.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ParkingLot

{
private int vno;
private int hours;
private double bill;

public void input() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter vehicle number: ");
vno = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter hours: ");
hours = in.nextInt();
}

public void calculate() {

if (hours <= 1)
bill = 3;
else
bill = 3 + (hours - 1) * 1.5;
}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Vehicle number: " + vno);
System.out.println("Hours: " + hours);
System.out.println("Bill: " + bill);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

ParkingLot obj = new ParkingLot();
obj.input();
obj.calculate();
obj.display();
}
}

Output
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
Question 17

Design a class RailwayTicket with following description:

Class name : Railway_Ticket

Data Members Purpose

String name To store the name of the customer

String coach To store the type of coach customer wants to travel

long mob no To store customer's mobile number

int amt To store basic amount of ticket

int totalamt To store the amount to be paid after updating the original amount

Member
Purpose
Methods

void accept() To take input for name, coach, mobile number and amount

To update the amount as per the coach selected (extra amount to be

void update()
added in the amount as per the table below)

To display all details of a customer such as name, coach, total amount

void display()
and mobile number

Type of Coaches Amount

First_AC ₹700

Second_AC ₹500

Third_AC ₹250

Sleeper None

Write a main method to create an object of the class and call the above member methods.

import java.util.Scanner;
Chapter: 3 --- Class as the Basis of All Computation
SK BOSE
public class RailwayTicket
{
private String name;
private String coach;
private long mobno;
private int amt;
private int totalamt;

private void accept() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter name: ");
name = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter coach: ");
coach = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter mobile no: ");
mobno = in.nextLong();
System.out.print("Enter amount: ");
amt = in.nextInt();
}

private void update() {

if(coach.equalsIgnoreCase("First_AC"))
totalamt = amt + 700;
else if(coach.equalsIgnoreCase("Second_AC"))
totalamt = amt + 500;
else if(coach.equalsIgnoreCase("Third_AC"))
totalamt = amt + 250;
else if(coach.equalsIgnoreCase("Sleeper"))
totalamt = amt;
}

private void display() {

System.out.println("Name: " + name);
System.out.println("Coach: " + coach);
System.out.println("Total Amount: " + totalamt);
System.out.println("Mobile number: " + mobno);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

RailwayTicket obj = new RailwayTicket();
obj.accept();
obj.update();
obj.display();
}
}

Output