ITALIAN LANGUAGE

1st grade

Zanimanje: ekonomisti

First teaching letter

1. teaching unit
WELCOME!

Zagreb, 2010

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ITALIAN LANGUAGE, first teaching letter
CONTENT........................................................................................... . …………............. 2

1. Italian alphabet…………………………………………………………3

1.1. Sricanje – Fare lo spelling………………………………………… 3

1.2. Pronunciation of letters in the word – Pronuncia……………………………….…..4

2. Nouns – Nomi…………………………………………………………… 4

2.1. Feminine nouns with definite and indefinite articles……… 5

2.2. Masculine nouns with definite and indefinite articles……… 5

3. Adjectives……………………………………………………………………. 7

4. Auxiliary verbs with personal pronouns in the nominative. 8

4.1. Present of the auxiliary verb essere... 8

4.1.1. There is – there are 9

4.1.2. Introduction…………………………………….. 9
4.1.3. Where are you from? - suggestion DI.......................... 9

4.2. Present of the auxiliary verb avoir............................ 9

4.2.1. To be hungry, to be thirsty, to be sleepy

4.3. Upitne riječi/Chi, Che cosa,Quanto,Dove, Quando,

Which...........................................10

Tasks and repetition... 11

Consulted textbooks......................................................14

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1. ALPHABET - The alphabet

WORD PRONUNCIATION

(a)
(bi)
(ci)
(di)
(e)
(effect)
(gi)
H,h (acca)
I, I (i)
L,l (she) Only in foreign words:
M,m (emme) J,j (the long one) Which letters are
N,n (nine) K,k (kappa) appear only
O,o (o) W,w (double U) I am foreign
P,p (pi) X,x (ics) with words?
Q,q (qu) Y,y (upsilon)
R,r (this)
S,s this
T,t (you)
U,u (u)
V,v (vu,vi)
Z,z (zeta)

Which letter is it
The Italian alphabet consists of 21 letters, plus 5 letters that appear, as it is already never
pronounces and must
noted on the right side of the table, almost exclusively in foreign words. The letter H,h is never
it is not pronounced, but it should be written where the grammar prescribes. Is it writing?

1.1. SPELLING – to spell

When we find ourselves in a situation where the person we are talking to does not understand us well, we try
to help with the spelling of a word that wasn't understood well.
For example: the word skewers, which is surely hard to understand for an Italian, to pronounce (to do the
we will spell it as follows: erre a zeta enne i lunga i ci i. From the example, it is clear that
For our letters ž and ć from the Italian alphabet, we will use the letters z and c, and for our letter š.
take the letter s, and for đ/dž we will take d.

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1.2 PRONUNCIATION OF LETTERS IN WORDS - Pronunciation

In the Italian language, words are pronounced as they are written, but there are also some peculiarities.
Well, let's take a look:

Individual letter/compound Pronunciation Example:

C (+ a, o, u) /k/ Carlo, necklace, cuckoo

Ch (+ e, i) who, whom

C (+ e, i ) /if, whether/ ceco, cycle

Yes (+ a, o, u) /cha, cho, chu/ ciarla, ciocca, ciuco

G (+ a, o, u) /g/ gabbia, gola, gustoso

Gh ( e, i ) ghetto, ghirlanda

G (+ e, i) /dže,dži) gesso, Gino

Gi (+ a, o, u) /dža, džo, džu/ already, game, right

Gl /lj/ sons, daughters,

Gn /nj/ gnocchi, sir

What /ku/ that, when

Sc (+ a, o, u) /sk/ scatola, sconforto, scusa

Sch (+ e, i ) joke, slap

Sc (+ e, i) /š/ fish, fishes

Sci (+ a, e, o, u) sciare, scientifico, sciocco, sciupato

Double consonants: mama, pen, bunch, blue, night, need to be stressed, and the vowel
the previous one is short.

2. IMENICE - Nouns

Nouns can be of masculine and feminine gender in singular and plural. Along with the noun in Italian
In language, the article most commonly appears, which can be definite or indefinite in singular and plural, depending on
nouns.
The form of the article, definite or indefinite, changes in relation to the gender and number of the noun, as well as in
in relation to the initial letter with which the noun starts. See continuation:

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2.1 FEMININE NOUNS WITH DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES

singular set singular set

noun and definite articles noun and indefinite articles

the mom the mothers - a mother of the mothers

the friend the friends - a friend the friends

the mother the mothers - a mother of the mothers

4. the city the cities - a city of the cities

Feminine nouns most often end in -a in the singular and in -e in the plural.

Nouns that begin with a consonant receive the definite article in the singular.
the set and the indefinite article for the singular and the indefinite plural.

2. Nouns that begin with a vowel lose the definite article, while the plural
never uses an apostrophe. The same applies to the indefinite article in the singular.

3. We said that feminine nouns in the singular most often end with -a. In the third
In the example, we see that nouns of the feminine gender can end in the singular with -e, and then in
Plural ends with -i.

4. In point 4, we see nouns that carry the accent on the last vowel. This refers to the so-called
"rooted" nouns, and they never change their endings in the plural. Only by
We see if it is about singular or plural.

Radi exercises:

PLACE THE DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLE IN FRONT OF THE GIVEN NOUNS,
SINGULAR AND PLURAL

citta’, facolta’, amica, aurora, finestra, porta, sedia, luna, gonna, bottiglia, sorella, madre,
["mom","grandmother","aunt","cousin","house","cash register","box","pen","tie","shirt","class","classroom"]
lampada, nave, bicicletta, stanza, terra, autostrada, stazione, capitale, nazione, chiave, borsa,
{"ragazza":"girl","donna":"woman","favola":"fairytale","rivista":"magazine","americana":"American","inglese":"English","francese":"French","croata":"Croatian","studentessa":"female student","allieva":"pupil"}

famiglia, figlia, scarpa, lezione, musica, signora, isola, mattina, sera, notte, lingua, lettera,
question, answer, hunger, thirst.

2.2 NOUNS OF MASCULINE GENDER WITH DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES

singular set singular set

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noun and definite articles noun and indefinite articles

the son the children - a son of the children

the friend the friends - a friend of friends

the father the priests - a father of the fathers

4. the coffee the coffee - a coffee of coffee

Masculine nouns in the singular most often end in -o, and in the plural in -i.
1. Masculine nouns that start with a consonant receive the definite article 'il' in the singular.
In plural, that is, the indefinite article in singular goes to plural.

2. As we can see, masculine nouns can start with a vowel, and then it is also the case for
a certain article changes the singular form and shapes the plural, namely the indefinite
the girls are numerous.

3. Furthermore, we see that masculine nouns can also end in -e in the singular, so in
The plurals end in -i.

As with feminine nouns, we also have "truncated" forms for masculine nouns.
Nouns. The rule is the same as for feminine nouns.

Change of the article for pronunciation: if masculine nouns begin with an unclean s
(a noun is considered unclean if any consonant follows 's'); with ps, y, z, x, and gn – the article is
changes to lo, namely uno:

the student the students - a student of the students

the psychologist the psychologists - a psychologist of psychologists

the yogurt the yogurts - one yogurt yogurts

the uncle the uncles - an uncle of the uncles

the xylophone the xylophones - a xylophone of the xylophones

the dumpling the gnocchi - a dumpling of gnocchi

Radio exercises:

PUTTING DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES – singular and plural in front

these nouns:

["tree","friend","foreigner","garden","Spanish","professor","companion","book","mistake","clock"]
gesso, errore, voto, francese , francese (m), istituto, zucchero, spirito, zero, soffitto, sale How will you
marino, olandese, studio, zaino, articolo, capitolo, uomo * pl. gli uomini, compito, cane, one
collega (m), ordine, stivale (m), armadio, occhiali , giornale, giorno,zingaro, idioma, porto, friendisone

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occhio, spettacolo, studio, clima, programma, esempio, fratello, bacio, odio, affetto, cuoco, friend?
ubriaco, uccello, scherzo, gatto, asino, vizio .caso, libro, quaderno, nipote, cugino, occhi,
{"occhio":"eye","caffe'":"coffee","bar":"bar","movimento":"movement","studente":"student","mese":"month","albergo":"hotel","esercizio":"exercise","specchio":"mirror","zio":"uncle","nonno":"grandfather"}

Norvegese (Norvežanin), norvegese, norveški jezik, svedese – švedski, Svizzero – Švicarac,

swiss, sleep.

3. ADJECTIVES - Adjectives

As in the Croatian language, in Italian too, adjectives accompany nouns and agree with them in gender and
Adjectives in the masculine singular end in -o, and in the plural in -i. While adjectives
Feminine nouns in the singular end in -a, and in the plural in -e. We can say that they have four.
extension.

For example: a beautiful book, beautiful books / a beautiful skirt, beautiful skirts.

Fewer adjectives end in the singular with -e, and in the plural with -i, regardless of whether they are
female or male gender.

For example: a tall girl, tall girls / a tall boy, tall boys

In the Italian language, there are also adjectives with only one form.

Some adjectives with four endings:

buono,a , i e = dobar, dobra, dobri, dobre cattivo, a , i, e = zločest, a, i, e

piccolo, a i, e = malen, a, maleni, malene famoso, a, i, e = poznat, a, i, e

alto, a, i, e = visok, a, i, e bravo, a, i, e = hrabar, vrijedan,

ricco, a, i, e = bogat, a, i, e poor

largo, a, i, e = širok, a i, e italiano, a, i, e = talijan, talijanka, i, e

old, to the, and=star, to, the, and necessary, a, i, e=required, a i, e

basso, a, i, e = nizak, ska, ski, ske biondo, a, i, e = blond,a,i,e

bruno, a, i, e = brown, a, i, e grasso,a,i,e= debeo, li,la,le

magro,a,i,e=mršav,a,i,e stretto, a, i, e= uzak, uska, uski, uske

americano,a,i,e=Amerikanac,ka,ci,ke croato,a,i,e= Hrvat, Hrvatica, i, e

Some adjectives with two endings:

green, i= green, a, i, e large, i= big, a, i, e

famous, I = known, and, I, is fast, i= quick, a, i, e

How do we write
interessante, i= interesantan, easy the English
intelligent
do we know if it works?

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difficile, i= težak, teška , i, e intelligent is it about a woman or
a male person?
francese, i = Francuz,Francuskinja danese, i = Danac, Dankinja Why?

olandese, i = Holanđanin, Holanđanka cinese, i = Kinez, Kineskinja

Some adjectives with only one form:

Blu = plav, plava, plavi, plave

Marrone = kestenjast, kestenjasta, kestenjasti, kestenjaste

What does it say
Arrancione= narančast, narančasta, naračasti, narančaste plural adjectives
rose?
Beige (iz francuskog ) = bež

Rosa = ružičast, ružičasta, ružičasti, ružičaste

Viola = ljubičast, ljubičasta, ljubičasti, ljubičaste

4. AUXILIARY VERBS with personal pronouns in nominative - Auxiliary verbs with

subject personal pronouns

In the Italian language, there are two auxiliary verbs: Essere (to be) and Avere (to have). They are called
Auxiliary verbs as they participate in the formation of compound tenses. They belong to irregular verbs.
Along the way, we will also learn personal pronouns in the nominative.

4.1. Present of the auxiliary verb Essere

TO BE
I am we are (we are)
2. you are (you are) you are you are

him (he)
3. she is (she is) 3. they are (they, they are)
You (VI step)

The personal pronouns in the nominative are:

Subject personal pronouns:

1. I we
2. you you
he, she, you formal 3. them

In what person
Here we must immediately emphasize that in the Italian language, the verb is found in the 3rd person singular. to be verb when
we address individuals out of respect. This means that when we address someone out of respect, instead of you are addressing
that the verb is in the 2nd person plural as is the case in the Croatian language, in Italian the verb people from
It must be in the third person singular. For example:
respect?

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Madam/Sir, you are correct! - Well done children, you are correct!

In the Croatian language, in the above example, the verb 'to be' is in the 2nd person in both cases.
sets)

In Italian, however, it will say:

You lady/You are punctual! While we will tell the children:

Well done guys, you are punctual!

4.1.1. There is / there are

It comes from the infinitive esserci which means there is (singular) and there are (plural). For
use 'sec'e' for singular and 'sono' for plural.

In the classroom, there is one student.

In the classroom there are two students.

When a sentence begins with a subject, we will not use these expressions, but only the verb 'to be'.
I am.

A student is in the classroom.

Two students are in the class.

4.1.2 Introduction

We will say the code of dating:

I am Olga, and you?

Vi steMarko i Ivana aVi steMarta? –Voi sieteMarko e Ivana eLei e'Marta?

4.1.3 Where are you from? - DI Proposal

How will you ask?
The DI proposal has many functions, but now we will get to know its function. someone from where
expressions of origin and nationality. informal?

Where are you from?

I am from Zagreb. I am Croatian. – SonodiZagreb. I am Croatian.

Where are you from? How will you ask?

We are from Varaždin. We are Croats. formally
someone from where
Where are you from, sir/madam? what?
I am from Rome, I am Italian.

4.2. Present of the auxiliary verb Avere

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 TO HAVE

1.io is I have we have

You are (you have) you have (you have)

him (on ima)

3. she has (she has) they have (they, they have)
You You have

4.2.1. Biti gladan (žedan, pospan) - Avere fame, avere, sete, avere sonno

We need to emphasize three phrases with the verb 'have', which differ from Croatian:

If we want to express in Italian that we are hungry, thirsty, and sleepy, we must use auxiliary.
the verb to have and not to be as is the case in our language. So the phrase to be hungry, to be
žedan i biti pospan u talijanskom glase: avere fame, avere sete, avere sonno.
What are
Marko is hungry. - Marko is famous. specific phrases
One is thirsty. - The Lorohanno is set. related to
Excuse me, are you hungry? the verb to have?
No, I am not hungry, I am sleepy.

4.3 Upitne riječi – Chi? Che cosa? Quanto,a,i,e? Dove? Quando? Cuale?

They can have the function of adjectives, pronouns, and adverbs. For now, we will focus on interrogatives.
little words, how much, a, I, and which, I.

For example:
Who is your assistant? - (Who is your assistant?) performs the role of a pronoun and is used
only for individuals. It has the same form for singular and plural, for female and male gender.
Who is she?
Who are they?

how much, a, i, e

We will use this adjective to learn how to ask and say how old we are. What are the
How old are you? your books?
I am twenty years old.
Doctor Marini, how old are you? - I am forty years old.

Which, which (masculine), which (feminine), which (neuter)

Where is Marko? – What boy is Marko?

Which girl is Mara?
Where are your guys?
Where are your girls?

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 When the form quale is followed by the 3rd person singular of the verb ESSERE, the final vowel is dropped.
e.

Which Marko? –Which Marko? .

Which Mara?

SELF-ASSESSMENT TASKS:

1. LIST PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN NOMINATIVE (I, you, he...)

2. Conjugate to be and to have:

To be To have

1. 1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3. 3.

to be thirsty and to be hungry

I am thirsty – I am thirsty.

Marko is hungry. Are you hungry?

Yes, sir, are you thirsty? - No, I am not thirsty, I am hungry.

3. PUT NOUNS IN PLURAL AND PLACE IN FRONT OF NOUNS

DETERMINED AND INDIRECT ARTICLES: for example:
["the book","the books","a book","some books"]

notebook -
French (male) -
Portuguese (f) -
window -
-key (f) -
ship -
-zio -
backpack -
sole -
sale -

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4. Circle the correct one: a handsome boy, beautiful girls, the student,

the big house, an ugly woman, the skirt

green, the happy children, the small houses
green window.

5. Conjugate the verb to be according to the persons and respond to the needs.
questions:

Marta is a student.

They are hungry.

3. Are you (Mrs.) happy?

4. I (am)…………………….. Sanja, who (are)…………… you?

We are Marco and Antonia, we are from Italy.

Maria has a big house.

Do you, sir, (have)…………………………....thirst?

7. The children have 3 books.

8. Where are they from?

9. I am Ana, I am 22 years old and I am

female student.

10. Rita and Sandra are hungry and thirsty.

6. Write the set of the given adjectives:

Beautiful famous

Fast- Bravo

Gross- tired

Big narrow

7. Answer the questions using the correctly used 'c'e' -ci sono

In class there is a chair.

There is a chair in the classroom.

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 3. Three girls are at home.

There is a girl in the house.

Put in plural:

1. The lady is Italian.

2. Are you foreign?
3. The boy is here for work.
4. The girl is here on vacation.
5. He is at the bar.
6. She is at home.
7. Where are you from?
8. Where is the boy?
9. Where is the bag?
10. Who are you? Are you American?
11. Why is the boy here?

Put it in singular:

The boys are foreigners.

The ladies are not Italian.
We are at school.
Are you at home?
Where are the Italian books?
6. Who are they? Are they foreigners?
Are the girls foreigners?
8. Why are you here?
9. Where are you from?

From plural to singular

1. We have documents.
2. Do they have documents?
3. Do you have any photographs?
4. The newspapers are Italian.
5. The teachers are young.
6. The restaurants are closed today.
7. The broadcasts have finished.
8. The young ladies are French.

Application form for the Italian language course - A form to fill out:

Registration form Il nome= ime

Fill in l’eta’ e la professione= dob I zanimanje

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Il cognome= prezime mother tongue

L’indirizzo = adresa il telefono = telefon

Conoscere = poznavati other languages

ITALIAN CULTURE

Registration form for courses

Cognome:

Name:

Eta: Profession:

Nationality:

Mother tongue:

Address:

Telefono:

e-mail:

Do you know other languages? Which?

Consulted textbooks:

Café Italy
Espresso
3. Italian Project - elementary/advanced

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