UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLOGICA INDOAMERICA

PREPARATION OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL MANUAL OF THE

PUMA Leather Tanning

TRAINING PROJECT:

DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT OF WORK

INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION

TEACHERS:

ING. MARCELO TIERRA AREVALO

ENG. EDWIN OCAÑA

MEMBERS:

LUIS EDUARDO LEON

PAUL CARDENAS

AUGUST 14 - 2017
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CONTENT
RESUMEN .iv
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES.............................................................................................. 2
CHAPTER I...................................................................................................................... 3
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER II ....................................................................................................................... 10
DEVELOPO ..................................................................................................................... 10
1. Objectives of the Manual ............................................................................................ 10

2. Background Historical ....................................................................................... 10

3. Plan Operation ...................................................................................................... 11
3.1. Misión................................................................................................................. 11
3.2. Vision 12
3.3. Objectives ....................................................................................................... 12
3.4. Policies 12
3.5. Analysis FODA ................................................................................................ 13
3.6. Strategies 14
4. Division of work ............................................................................................... 14
4.1. Company Layouta ........................................................................................ 23
5. Departmentalization 24
6. Objectives of the departments........................................................................... 24

7. Organizational chart from the Company.................................................................................. 26

8. Structure of the Organizationn ............................................................................... 27
Model of the Organization ................................................................................... 28
10. Process Map............................................................................................. 28
11. Analysis of the current situation of the company.................................................... 29
12. Current situation of the production processes............................................... 29
13. Process Diagramss ..................................................................................... 30
13.1. Block Diagram ....................................................................................... 30
13.2. Flow Diagram ............................................................................................ 31
13.3. Flow Diagram by Departments...Error! Bookmark not defined.
13.4. Operations Diagram......................................................... 33
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13.5. Process Diagram ................................................................................ 34

13.6. Man Machine Diagram...................................................................... 35
13.7. Product Journey Diagram........................................................ 36
13.8. Worker's Journey Diagram........................................................... 38
13.9. Bimanual Diagraml................................................................................... 40
CHAPTER III .................................................................................................................. 41
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMSS 41

CHAPTER IV...................................................................................................................... 45
CONCLUSIONS45
RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................................. 45
BIBLIOGRAPHY46
ANNEXS .46
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SUMMARY

This work is developed as the ELABORATION OF THE MANUAL OF

ORGANIZATION OF THE PUMA LEATHER TANNERY, which facilitates and
controls the compliance of the organization's processes.

Based on the previous considerations, a first step is taken.

scientific and theoretical investigations of organizational management, approaches
and administrative processes in industries. The manual is developed
considerations of transcendental thinkers related to design and
measurement of workstations. The visit to the tanning company Pieles Puma
it is important for task analysis and scientific organization of the
work, which contributes to fulfilling the general objective and each of the
specific objectives.

In Chapter I, the Theoretical Framework is presented, the contribution of the

research conducted with basic concepts that allow for elaboration

The Organization Manual of the Puma Leather Tannery. Chapter II
It contains the development of the manual, that is, the execution of each of the
specific objectives outlined.

. Chapter III details the answers to several questions that are of

sums up the importance in the organization of the industry. Finally, the chapter
IV contains the conclusions and recommendations that the present leaves.
manual, in turn the bibliography used for its development and the
annexes obtained upon completing the work done.
 1

INTRODUCTION

The present integrative project is described with the theme:

Preparation of the Organization Manual
PUMA LEATHER TANNERY”. The main characteristic of the work is
standardize and control compliance with work processes.

So it means that the reason to address the main topic is

provide the knowledge acquired according to the notions
given by the teachers of each of the training projects.

On the other hand, the interest of the integrative project is to know the true
importance, use and application of the organizational management system,
approaches and administrative processes within the company. Within the framework of

the theory; prior to carrying out the present work involves a series of
research through books, scientific articles, magazines and
consultations with various teachers from the School of Industrial Engineering that

positive contribution of wood to the development of the present work.

During the development of the work, several obstacles arise, one of

they are preparing the process diagrams due to the amount of
steps taken when tanning cattle leather.
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GENERAL OBJECTIVE

Design the organizational manual for the Pieles Puma tannery.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

a) Develop the objectives of the manual

b) Develop the historical background.
c) Develop the Operational Plan
d) Develop the division of labor
e) Develop the departmentalization
f) Develop the objectives of the departments
g) Develop the organizational chart of the company

h) Develop the structure of the organization

i) Determine the organization's model
j) Develop Process Map
k) Carry out the analysis of the Current Situation of the
Company.
l) Describe the current situation of the processes of
production.
m) Create the Process Diagrams
 3

CHAPTER I

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Business planning has different objectives, to improve the

organization's capacity to adapt to changes in the
environment.

Change employees' behavior through their

participatory incorporation in the development and growth of the
organization. The objective of the business strategy, sometimes also
strategic management of companies, is the deliberate pursuit of
an action plan that develops a company's competitive advantage
and I emphasized it in such a way that it manages to grow and expand its market

reducing the competition.

The strategy articulates all the potentialities of the company,

way that the coordinated and complementary action of all its
components contribute to the achievement of defined and attainable objectives.
Ideally, strategic analysis should seek relationships
existing systems between the elections held by the high
management and the economic results obtained by the company.

The mission is defined as the purpose or reason for being of the

organization. It is not so much What is our business or function? But rather

Why does it exist? And what purpose justifies its continued existence?
our company? It is the character, identity, and reason for existence of a
organization. Defines who we are, what we do and for whom.
The mission identifies the company in relation to other organizations, to whom
the product offered by the company is directed towards.
 4

The vision is the mental image of what one wants it to be.

organization in the future. The creation of the vision is the function of
leadership.

The vision creates a path to follow in the future, it is the starting point.
from the company's strategy, facilitates the establishment of objectives,
streamlines and facilitates the unification of criteria and the establishment of

priorities. It conveys natural confidence of leadership and offers an idea

of collective success, it's something worth striving for in a way
enthusiast.

Objectives are results that a company aims to achieve, or

situations towards which one intends to reach, establishing objectives is
essential for the success of a company.
These establish a course to follow and serve as a source of motivation.
for all members of the company. They allow focusing efforts
in the same direction, when comparing the obtained results with
the proposed objectives and, in this way, measure the effectiveness or

productivity of the company, of each area, of each group or of each

worker.

Strategies is one of the most prolific and studied fields of

business management. Its complexity and uncertainty are the result of the
synthesis carried out by the elements of the company and the environment.
It awakens great interest because it marks the argument of the drama in which
the fate of companies is decided and from which their greatest results arise
successes and their most degrading failures.

Corporate policy is one of the ways to make it operational.

strategy. It implies a commitment from the company; when deploying it to
through the hierarchical levels of the company, it is reinforced
commitment and participation of the staff.
 5

This provides the precise guidance for executives and

intermediate managers develop concrete action plans that allow
achieve the objectives.

The policies must be suitable for each company and tailored to

the needs and expectations of their clients.

The tannery 'PIELES PUMA' is a small artisanal company.

that is dedicated to the tanning of bovine, sheep, goat hides, managed
by its founder Mrs. Teresita Álvarez in the form of a family business
to whom decision-making is concentrated. They have 13 workers.
those who work in the production plant in Cdla. Tres Juanes in the
Izamba sector in the Ambato canton, Tungurahua province.

Description of the Tanning Processes:

Below is a brief description of the Tanning process
of leathers, according to the environmental guide for the tanning industry and
leather processing (Ministry of Environment, Housing and Development
territorial, 2006) describes curation as the process through which the
which turns into leather the skins of animals, such as
cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, and reptiles. In general, the main
stages or processes involved in the tanning process are the pre-
treatment and storage, riverside, tanning, wet processes and
finished.

Stage: Pretreatment and Storage:

Pre-slaughter process in slaughterhouses or slaughter centers, or by
part of the leather suppliers.

This process consists of separating the meat from the skin in a way
mechanics to reduce weight and the use of chemical substances in the
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subsequent processes. Some slaughterhouses, zoo breeding facilities or tanneries

They carry out this activity depending on their commercial activity.

Process of preserving skins during storage:

The processing of leather can begin after the sacrifice of the
animal, but in many cases the skins are stored for a while
prolonged. When they are stored, they must receive a
treatment to prevent the development of microorganisms with the
consequent putrefaction of them.

Salted Skins: The preservation is done by applying around

25 to 30% salt based on the weight of the green hide. The skins are
peeling them, exchanging them with a layer of salt, allowing their
storage for long periods of time prior to tanning.

Stage: Riverbank:

The purpose of the leather stage is to prepare it for tanning, in it is

cleaned and conditioned ensuring a proper moisture level.
This stage consists of a series of steps.

Reception: Most of the skin is received salted wet, but

a low proportion arrives dry or in blood. When salted,
they can be shaken to remove the salt dry and take advantage of it as
by-product or they are taken directly to a pre-soak to eliminate the
salt with water. (The skin must regain the flexibility it had
previously).

Pre-soaking: Operation of hydration and skin cleansing, to

eliminate traces of manure, blood, products used in the
conservation, the operation is performed in rotating drums or barrels
made of wood and can last between 6 and 24 hours.
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Hair (lime and depilation) - Washing: The skin is submerged in a

sodium sulfide and lime solution, to remove hair and destroy the
epidermis, destroy non-structural proteins as well as nerves, vessels
blood, muscles, etc.

Unclogging: Process where the skin is washed to remove lime and

then apply neutralizing products.

Hair flesh removal: Manual or mechanical operation to separate the

endodermis, basically composed of proteins and fat, of the skin
with hair, thus improving the penetration of the tannins.

Descaling or Purging: Elimination of scale and alkaline products from

interior of the skin using organic and inorganic acids, salts of
ammonium, Dioxide of

Carbon and sodium bisulfite, in order to turn the skin into a

soft and flexible material.

Pickling Stage: This stage includes the chemical preparation

from the Skin for the tanning process, using acid
formic and sulfuric, thus allowing the diffusion of the tanning agent
towards the interior of the skin without fixing on the outer layers of
collagen.

Tanning Stage: Chrome tanning: A material is applied to the skin

basic chrome sulfate mineral cutter resistant to degradation
Physics and Biology, chrome tanning is the reaction of the skin with the
chrome sales, which provide high stability to the fibrous structure.
In this state, the leather is very resistant to bacterial attack and to the
high temperatures.

Post Tanning Stage: Mechanical operations aim to provide a

specific and homogeneous thickness to leather.
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Post-tanning stage, or wet finishing, or retanning, dyeing and

grease.

As in the previous stage, the difference between post-tanning for

chrome or vegetable tanned leather is basically the type of
tanning used. The post-tanning of chrome-tanned leather consists
in neutralization operations in order to give it more substance and,
some cases, more resistance to leather, including characteristics of
manageability, smoothness, and uniformity in the physical properties of the
leather.

Drained: Eliminates excess moisture.

Raspado: Provides defined and homogeneous thickness to the skin. (Gravel).

Trimmings: parts of leather that will not be used are eliminated.

posterior.

Drying: removes moisture from the skins naturally

(Ventilation).

Dyeing: To give the shade and uniformize the color of a batch of

leathers.

Oiled: to restore the fatty content of the leather, which gives it

gives certain physical characteristics to the finished product, such as its
flexibility.

Finishing Stage: They are essentially surface operations.

The finishes give the leather its final appearance, which in some
cases improve the presentation and selection, but in others it takes precedence

resistance to use, like in leathers for automotive upholstery. It

provides leather protection against mechanical damage, moisture and
the dirt, as well as the desired fashion effect: shine, bi-color matte,
among others.
 9

During the finishing stage, the dyes are also evened out and
You can artificially reconstruct the surface flower of sanded leather.

In general terms, it consists of the application of a series of

layers of a mixture of resins, pigments, and additives, to finish
with a final layer (nitro base, polyurethane or protein) that confers
greater solidity and regulates the level of brightness.

Empowerment: It is the empowerment that a person has to a

work activity, feeling as one's own what belongs to others.

According to Mondy (1997), job design is: Determining

the specific activities that must be developed in a
organization.

Process Diagram: Graphic representation of operations

to take place within a company.

Efficiency: The correct use of available resources to

meet objectives.

Effectiveness: Achieving objectives.

Administration: Process for making decisions according to

objectives and utilization of resources.

Process: A set of ordered tasks that transform products

input in a finished product.

Manual: Document that specifies the activities,

processes, responsibilities, and functions of an organization.
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CHAPTER II

DEVELOPMENT

1. Objectives of the Manual

a. Standardize and control adherence to practices of

work.

b. Document the internal functioning related to

description of tasks, location, requirements and to the
positions responsible for its execution.

c. Facilitate the auditing tasks, the evaluation of control

internal and its surveillance.

b. Minimize personal, legal, and institutional risks when

comply with the institution's regulatory parameters.

2. Historical Background

PIELES PUMA S.A. is an independent company that started its

activities on February 15, 2000 thanks to work experience
from its creator, which has more than 16 years of presence and
trajectory in the market.

Since the beginning of activities, it has specialized in tanning.

the leather from cattle and this is based on when the owner decides
to become independent from the tannery called San Juan.
 11

The Manager of PIELES PUMAS S.A. decides to take out a loan.

bank loan for the purchase of land and then subsequently build the
tanning facilities. With the birth of this new company and with
Over the years, new product lines have been incorporated.
with the aim of providing customers with a comprehensive solution for their
needs.

There is an excellent human group that is trained in

periodic form in order to stay updated on changes and
technological innovations that are presented in the field. The objective
the main goal is to achieve a continuous improvement in the activities in order to provide

service that ensures timely and proper delivery with its

corresponding advice.

It is important to note that our services are

strengthened by having a permanent stock of the main
products of our marketing.

3. Operational Plan

3.1. Mission

We are a private nonprofit institution, leaders in the

representation and provision of quality services for the sector
Ecuadorian business that promotes the growth of foreign trade.
in the country.
 12

3.2. Vision
Be the benchmark in foreign trade of Ecuador through the
fortalecimiento e internacionalización de las empresas del país.

3.3. Objectives

a) Increase leather production by 30% in the last 6 months

of the current year with the hiring of 1 industrial engineer.

b) Acquire 2 drums to carry out the tanning and lime application in a

estimated time of 30 minutes.

c) Increase the physical space for drying hides on a plot of land

15 x 10 meters in the month of November.

3.4. Policies

Puma Leather Tanning. It is a company dedicated to processing

skins for which one agrees to:

Act in the market by developing products and processes

that pose no risk whatsoever to the health of their collaborators and
that in turn meet the requirements of the clients.
Maintain processes aimed at preventing, reducing, and mitigating impacts on
the work environment and the environment.
Ensure the safety and health of collaborators, facilitating the
management within the framework of responsibility, ethics, and labor.
 13

3.5. Análisis FODA

STRENGTHS

Human resource experience.

Continuous training of personnel.

Diversification in the production line.

Customer loyalty within your sector.

OPPORTUNITIES

New suppliers with better offers.

Alliances with another tannery to improve productivity.

Demand for products in different marketing routes.

Patent the production process.

WEAKNESSES

Little research and development in tanning.

Lack of partners in the company.

Insufficient security to protect the facilities.

Lack of a manual of functions.

THREATS

Unfair competition in the sector.

Contribution in quality from other tanneries.

Limited capacity to invest.

Delays in delivering the orders.

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3.6. Strategies

a. Get suppliers with new promotions for the

improvement of production and thus supply the
customer requirements in the shortest time possible.

b. Create a manual of functions to improve production.

efficient and maintain better control of internal activities.

c. Conduct quality research on raw materials or machinery

that help to improve production for a development of the
company.

4. Division of labor
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a. Manager:

PUMA SKINS July 23, 2017

Nombre del Puesto:Gerente
It depends on: Nobody Sueldo:2000
Objective: Manage activities between internal clients,
externals and suppliers as well as manage the
elements of income and costs
Functions:
Exercise legal, judicial, and extrajudicial representation
from the Tannery.
Manage the company's salary policy.
Strictly control compliance with the
company regulations.
Hire and terminate contracts with workers
according to the policies.
Sign the company's checks, together with
the President.
Define and maintain an internal control system that
ensure the efficient and economical management of the cooperative.
Internal Relations:
Employees
External Relations:
Clients
Suppliers
Control Agencies
Financial Entities.
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b. Secretariat:

PUMA SKINS Julio 23/ 2017

Nombre del Puesto:Secretaria
Depends on: Manager Sueldo:500
Objective: To support the management of the tannery,
maintaining an adequate communication environment, and
always providing a special treatment to the users.
Funciones:
Draft the minutes of the sessions arranged by Management
from the Tannery.
Organize and coordinate the work schedule and appointments of the Manager.
Receive and file the correspondence daily for Management.
Respond and dispatch correspondence the same day
issued
by the Manager.
Register attendance at sessions arranged by Management.
Certify with your signature and prior authorization of
Manager,
the tanner's documents.
Keep orderly and maintain under your responsibility
the file.
Internal Relations:
Manager
Employees
External Relations:
Clients
Suppliers
Financial Entities.
 17

c. Accountant:

PUMA SKINS Julio 23/ 2017

Nombre del Puesto:Contador
Depends on: Manager, Secretary Sueldo:460
Objective: To respond to why the accounting information of the tannery
complete, reliable and truthful. Likewise ensure compliance
of tax obligations.
Funciones:
Analyze and account for the accounting operations of the tannery.
from the Tannery.
Check that all accounting operations have their backups
corresponding.
Prepare financial statements on a monthly and annual basis.
Make tax calculations and payments monthly.
Generate accounting information when the situation warrants it.
Supervise the proper management of documents and files.
Track the debts of the tannery.
Keep the supporting documentation file updated.
of the accounting records.
Internal Relations:
Manager
Employees
External Relations:
Clients
Financial Entities
 18

d. Purchasing Assistant:

PUMA SKINS Julio 23/ 2017

Job Title: Assistant
Purchases
Depends on: Manager, Secretarial Sueldo:390
Objective: To make purchase orders, comparative tables of
suppliers, follow up on purchases, to achieve an agreement
or a loan for a certain number of days.
Functions:
Develop and keep updated the supplier registry of
the company.
Provide information to Secretary and Management.
Request quotes for the purchase of equipment, goods and
materials required for the development of the objectives.
Prepare and process the purchase orders approved by the Manager.
Prepare a monthly purchasing program for the manager and report it.
their executions.
Prepare the purchasing budget for the tannery.
Receive the articles and goods delivered by the suppliers
checking that they comply with the specifications.
Internal Relationships:
Manager
Employees
External Relations:
Clients
Financial Entities
Suppliers
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e. Head of Production:

PUMA SKINS July 23, 2017

Nombre del Puesto:Jefe de
Production
Depends on: Manager Sueldo:600
Objective: Coordinate and supervise operations within the
tannery
so that it operates in the best way.

Functions:
Monitor and enforce Risk Prevention, Safety and
Health.
Track the production in volume, as well as
all the necessary preliminary tasks for your
compliance
Direct and supervise the implementation of the replants on site together
with the person in charge.

Supervise the entire transformation of raw materials and materials.

packaging in finished product.
Comply with process manuals and good practices
manufacture.
Establish security controls and determine parameters of
operation of equipment and processes in the
production.
Internal Relationships:
Manager
Employees
External Relations:
Clients
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Production Worker:

PUMA SKINS July 23, 2017

Nombre del Puesto:Operario de Producción
Depends on: Manager, Head of
Production Sueldo:380
Objective: To execute the work orders assigned to you and
authorized
by the Production Manager.
Funciones:
Use your complete personal protective equipment during the
operation.
Carry out all your activities minimizing the risk of accident
with
based on the risk analysis of the position and the processes.
Comply with safety regulations and procedures
integral
established by the tannery.
Report the need for necessary tools and PPE.
Report acts or conditions
insecure.
Keep work areas tidy and clean.
Mark the finished or processed products with
base in
the instructions of the area of
production.
Prepare periodic reports of the assigned tasks.
Internal Relations:
Manager
Employees
External Relations:
Clients

g. Jefe de Control de Calidad:

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PUMA SKINS Julio 23/ 2017

Nombre del Puesto:Jefe de Control de Calidad
Depende de: GerenteSueldo:530
Objective: Programs, direct, monitor, supervise, and evaluate
processes of
improvement of quality.
Functions:
Ensure that they are established, implemented, and maintained
processes
for the quality and safety management system.
Ensure compliance with the scheduled goals for the
system
of quality and safety.
Execute and monitor environmental aspects and
programs of
environmental management of the company.
Verify compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices
throughout the
plant, both in terms of the manufactured products and at the level of the
functioning of the areas of
production.
Release the retained product or dispose of it (as appropriate)
case) chord
to the quality and environmental criteria.
Internal Relationships:
Manager
Employees
External Relations:
Control Organizations.

h. Commercial Advisor:
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PUMA SKINS July 23, 2017

Nombre del Puesto:Asesor Comercial
Depends on: Manager Sueldo:480
Objective: Manage and handle the point of sale to achieve goals
established
in the company's sales budget, maintaining actively
customer relationships, achieving a permanent idealization of the
same.
Funciones:
To accurately know the products and services of the organization.
To advise clients and their needs in a real and objective manner.
Guide, assist, and manage the group of advisors at the point of sale.
Manage your work schedule coherently.
Constantly seek new clients and markets.
Conduct constant research on the market and its prices.
Be responsible for the collection of accounts receivable from clients.
Provide excellent post service
sale.
Complete and report opportunities to the quality coordinator
improvements expressed by the client.

Internal Relations:
Manager
Employees
External Relations:
Clients
 23

4.1. Company Layout

Descarnadora

Drum 1 Tambor 2 Drum 3 Tambor 4 Drum 5

Zone of
Painting Area
Skins and Washing area
Washing

Offices

Finishing Area

Drying Area
 24

5. Departmentalization

Management

Secretariat

Department Department Department Department Department

Financial Shopping of Production of Quality of Sales

6. Objectives of the departments

a. Management:

Manage the development of the activities of the tannery

in accordance with the law and the internal policies established for
achieve collective benefits.

b. Secretariat:

Provide support to the management of the company PIELES PUMAS S.A.

maintaining an adequate communication environment and providing
always a special treatment for the users.
 25

c. Financial Department:

Make bank economic credits based on needs

from the tannery to meet timely payments to the suppliers of
skins and chemical compounds.

d. Department of Purchasing:

Acquire the best raw material from suppliers in the province of

Tungurahua for good leather production in the tannery
PUMAS SKINS S.A.

e. Production Department:

Transforming livestock hides into a quality final product by

means of the ordered processes of the company PIELES
PUMA S.A.

f. Quality Department:

Interact with the production of the PIESLES PUMAS tannery.

S.A. by complying with internal and external regulations to
obtain a satisfactory final job.

g. Sales Department:

Market high-quality finished leather using techniques

of the market to satisfy the customers of PIELES PUMAS S.A.
 26

7. Company Organizational Chart

Management

Secretariat

Department Department Department Department Department

Financial Shopping of Production of Quality of Sales

Assistant Chief of Head of Control Advisors

Accounting
Purchases Production of Quality Commercials

Workers of
Production
 27

8. Structure of the Organization

Through a theoretical analysis, it is defined that the structure of the tannery

PIELES PUMA S.A. is a process-oriented structure:

Selection

Soaking

Fleece

Skinless

Unstuck

Production
Piquelado

Pickled

Recurtido

Drained

Finished
 28

9. Organization Model

The organizational model of the tannery Pieles Puma S.A. is

Lineo - functional as it has as its main characteristic that it
you must group the functions according to the functional areas of the
company.

In this type of organizational model, there is greater ease.

in decision making and in the execution of them at the same time
reduce the pressure on a single boss for the number of
existing internal specialists.

10. Process Map

STRATEGIC

Customer Service Quality Management Human Resources

OPERATIVES

Planning Orders Manufacturing Storage and Delivery

OF SUPPORT

Communication Purchases Accounting Personnel and Payroll

 29

11. Analysis of the current situation of the company

The Pieles Puma tannery currently produces cattle leather.

approximately 100 skins daily with high quality standards
such as: bare, tanned, and painted considering one of the
most important processes.

The organization's competition is low as the sale and distribution

their products are made for several companies in the Cotacachi canton,
this is done through orders and door-to-door delivery for
the satisfaction of the users. The visits to the clients are carried out
periodically at the end of each month with the aim of determining the
needs in their businesses.

Production in the last 3 years has increased because it

it implemented the production of goat and sheep skins, and it also offers the
pressing service for snake skins with exclusive designs from
client.

12. Current situation of the production processes

The current production processes are ordered by the highs

knowledge and experience that workers have in each activity
within the industry, but certain movements are inappropriate on the part of
of the workers, which generates loss of time in production.

Within the tannery, certain production processes have a

medium security because highly hazardous chemicals are available
dangerous for the personnel who handle it, so it is important
carry out a control of the necessary protection for personnel to avoid
workplace accidents.
 30

13. Process Diagrams

13.1. Block Diagram

Detail Symbolism T / min

Choose cattle hides Selected 10

cattle since the
deposit.

Carefully wash the skins Soaking 20

with water and detergents.

Introduce the skins into the drum Hair 45

with sodium sulfide and lime.

Separate the skin and the meat in Undesired 30

the machine
deboner.

Introduce the hides into the drum Unstuck 45

with aqueous solutions.

Introduce the hides into the drum Prickled 45

with sodium chloride and sodium sulfate.

Introduce the hides into the drum Pickled 50

with chromium and tannins.

Introduce the skins into the drum Recurtido 30

with chromium salts.

Wash the skins, dry and paint Pre-finished 150

a blowtorch with
dyes

Collect the dry skins, roll them up Finished 60

and store them in the warehouse.
 31

13.2. Flow Diagram

Inicio
1
Choose the skins of
cattle

Introduce the skins in

the drum

No Pour water and

Skins neutralizers
con colas
Wash the skins Wait 40 minutes
If
Cut the tails and wash them Remove the skins from the
skins drum

Wash the skins

Introduce the skins into Introduce the skins into

the drum el tambor

Pour lime and sulfate of Pour formic acid and

sodium in the drum sulfúrico

Wait 40 minutes Wait 40 minutes

Remove the skins of Remove the skins from the

drum tambor

Take the skins to the Wash the skins

bone-deep
Introduce the skins into
Introduce the skins into the drum
the flesh peeler
Pour Chrome
Skinning the hides
Wait 45 minutes

1
2
 32

2
3

Remove the skins from the

drum Dyeing hides with a blowtorch
with colorants and lacquer
Wash the skins
Take the skins to the area of
Introduce the skins into drying
el tambor
Hang individually
Pour sales and oils the skins

Wait 25 minutes Wait 130 minutes

Remove the skins from the

tambor

Wash the skins No

Skins
secas ?
Take the skins to
drying area
Yes
Hang the skins Collect the skins
individually
Tender the skins in the
Wait 130 minutes table

No No
Skins
Skins Roll up the skins
con
secas ?
Store in
Yes
warehouse for orders
Yes
Discard in cardboard
Take the skins to the area of
dyed

Fin
3
 33

13.3. Operations Diagram

 34

13.4. Process Diagram

PROGRAM OBJECTIVE: Tanning of cattle leather DIAGRAM NO: 01
THE DIAGRAM STARTS AT: Choose the salted skins PREPARED BY: León Luis
THE DIAGRAM ENDS AT: Store the skins FECHA: 14 de Agosto del 2017

dist. T Description of dist. T Description of

(m) (min) Símbolo proceso (m) (min) Símbolo proceso
Choose the skins Wait for the process
5 salads 45 of Pickled
Wash the skins with 8 Remove the skins
20 detergent and water of the drum
Introduce the skins 3 Introduce the skins
3 in the drum in the drum with salts
Pour lime and sulfate of Wait for the process
2 sodium in the drum 45 of recurtido
Wait for the process 8 Remove the skins
45 of fur of the drum
Remove the skins 45 Take the skins to the
8 of the drum drying area
Take the skins to 20 Hang the skins
35 4 the flesh stripper individually
Flesh the hides 10 Check if the
1
30 individually skins are dry
Introduce the skins 20 Take the skins to the
7 3 in the drum painting area
Pour solutions 150 Painting the skins with
2 aqueous dyes and lacquer
Wait for the process 30 Take the skins to the
45 of de-scaling drying area
Remove the skins from the 10 Check if the
8 drum
2 the skins are dry
Introduce the skins 10 Collect the skins
7 3 in the drum individually
Pour formic acid 5 Tender the skins in
2 and sulfuric the table
Wait for the process 5 Discard the skins
45 of pickling with defects
Remove the skins from the 25 Roll the skins
8 drum of good quality
Introduce the skins into the
drum 5 Store the skins
7 3 1
 35

13.5.Man Machine Diagram

T Worker Drum 1 Drum 2

20 ' Load 1 load idle
40' Load 2 load
60 '
80 '
100
'
120
' Idle Running
140
' Download 1 Download Running
160
' Load 1 Load Idle
180
' Download 2 download
200
' Load 2 load
220
'
240
'
260
' Idle Running
280
' Download 1 Download
300
' Charge 1 Load Running
320
' Download 2 Download
340
' Load 2 Load
360
'
380
'
400
' Idle
420
' Download 1 Download
440
' Idle Idle Running
460
' Download 2 Idle Download
 36

13.6. Product Journey Diagram

LEGEND
Activity Description Symbol Activity Description Symbol

1 Select the salted skins 14 Transport the skins to drum 2

2 Transport the hides to the soaking area 15 Introduce the hides for tanning

3 Wash the skins with water and detergent 16 Transport the skins to the washing area

4 Transport the skins to drum 1 17 Properly wash the skins

5 Introduce the hides for the tanning process 18 Transport the skins to the drying area

6 Transport the hides to the flesher 19 Hang the skins on the wires

7 Leather must be stripped individually 20 Transport the dry skins to the painting area

8 Transport the hides to drum 5 21 Paint the dry skins

9 Introduce the skins for the Uncalcing 22 Transport the skins to the drying area

10 Transport the skins to drum 4 23 To stretch the painted skins

11 Introduce the skins for the Piquelado 24 Transport the dry skins to the cutting table

12 Transport the skins to drum 3 25 Cortar las pieles por medidas

13 Introduce the hides for tanning 26 Rewind the cut wires

37
 38

13.7. Worker Path Diagram

LEYENDA
Activity Description Symbol Activity Description Symbol

1 Remove the skins from Drum 1 10 Transport the skins to the painting area

2 Transport the hides to the skinning machine 11 Painting the dry skins

3 Skinning the hides individually 12 Transport the skins to the drying area

4 Transport the hides to drum 5 13 Hanging the skins on the wires

5 Introduce the skins for tanning 14 Transport yourself to the cutting area

6 Transport to the washing area 15 Cut the hides

7 Wash your hands correctly 16 Transport the skins to the finishing table

8 Transport to the drying area 17 Roll the skins

9 Remove the dry skins

39
 40

13.8. Bimanual Diagram

BIMANUAL DIAGRAM
Diagram number: 09 WORKPLACE ARRANGEMENT
Drawing and piece: Skin and Tail
Operation: Tail Cutting
Place: Selected Hides Area
Operario: Pablo Martinez
Cutting Zone
Composed by: Leon, Cardenas Fecha: Agosto 14 de 2017
LEFT HAND DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION RIGHT HAND
Take the skin from the bottom left corner x x Take the skin from the lower right corner
Transport the skin to the table x x Transport the skin to the table
Pull the bottom corner of the table x x Hold the bottom corner on the table
Hold the top corner on the table x x Hold the top corner on the table
Hold the tail x x Take the knife
Hold the tail x x transport the knife to the queue
Hold the tail x x cut the root tail
Take the tail to the trash can x x Put the knife on the table
Release the cut tail x x Rest
Unadjust the bottom left clamp x x Loosen the lower clamp
Adjust the upper left clamp x x Loosen the upper clamp
Take the skin from the left side x x Take the skin from the right side
Transport the skin to the soaking tank x x Transport the skin to the soaking tank
 41

CHAPTER III

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS

a) Explanation of the company's general organizational chart

Management

Secretariat

Financial Purchases Production Quality Sales

Assistant of Boss of Control Chief Advisors

Accounting
Purchases Production Quality Commercials

Operators of
Production

The general organizational chart of the tannery PIELES PUMAS S.A. is

led by Management which is kept informed at all times
of all the events happening in the different department
what are:

FINANCIERO: Tiene el control de los créditos económicos, COMPRAS:

The person in charge of obtaining the best raw material, PRODUCTION: Area

where a final product will be obtained, QUALITY: They monitor the

 42

quality processes of the entire company, SALES: Establish the

points of sale of the manufactured product.

Each of the members of the departments contributes

efficiently to the company so that it can thrive fulfilling
goals set within an estimated time.

b) Functional diagram of the company

Coordinate the schedule of

work and appointments of the Manager.

Secretariat Dispatch the

correspondence up to date
issued by the Manager
Prepare reports
financials in form
Department monthly and yearly.
the Fianciero Track
the debts of the
tannery.
Prepare the budget
shopping from the
Department tannery.
or of Purchases Develop and register
suppliers of the
company.
To develop a product
quality finished.
Management Department Manage
or of correctly the material
used.
Production
Take care of him
compliance
Make sure that you
of the goals
business-related. Department they establish the processes
correctly.
of Quality Release the product
Administer the
retained or dispose of the
salary policy same.
from the company.
Guide, help and
manage the group of
point advisors
Department sale.
or Sales Keep a search
constant of new
clients and markets.
 43

c) Types of software that support the organization process:

d.1.BaseCamp:It is software for project management more.

Complete and used all over the world. It is used by companies of
everyone for the organization and management of project tasks
collectives. It offers various plans including one
unlimited and free, but only allows you to manage one project
and has blocked the option to upload files.

d.2.Zoho:The company can be managed thanks to the various

tools that are at your disposal. Accounting, finance,
customers, billing, and all processes can be managed
from this application. You just need to register and you will be able to take advantage

of all the benefits they offer.

d.3. The ERP Software (Enterprise Resource Planning) is a

computer program used for the management of a
business that helps in organization through a system
integrated applications.

These software aim to integrate tools into a single program for

manage multiple facets of an operation. They include the
product planning, the development, the production, the
sales and marketing.
 44

d) Organization techniques and how they increase the

competitiveness

e.1. Organizational charts: They express the hierarchical levels of companies.

its organizational structure and functions of each of the
departments.

e.2. Manuals: They help to respect business structures, improve

processes complying with the responsibilities set forth.

e.3. Process Diagrams: Simplify work, improve processes and

reduce times.

e.4. Work distribution chart: Define the job positions and

avoid wasting time in processes.

Competitiveness increases thanks to these techniques because they help

improve the internal processes of a company which will benefit that it
have a better product for the customer and will allow to attract more clientele.

At the same time, the design of the workstations will make the members of
each department fulfills the activities with better efficiency
required, improving responsibilities without wasting time for
great common benefits of the company.
 45

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSIONS

With the preparation of the work, the following conclusion is reached:

a. The development of the manual at the Pieles Puma tannery

it will have certain internal benefits such as
compliance with the ordered work processes

b. The unnecessary micro movements made by the

workers in the production area can be eliminated in their
totality if the diagrams are fulfilled correctly
established processes.

c. The process diagrams help to control that the

production workers' activities are fulfilled to
ability following a defined order and timing.

d. With the help of organizational charts, the hierarchy is established.

of the company, the departments and the functions of each
of the workers.

e. Competitiveness and industrial development can grow.

as long as the established strategies are met after the
SWOT analysis.

RECOMMENDATIONS

With the preparation of the work, the following is recommended:

a. Develop the functions manual in every organization as this

the document will prevent inappropriate activities that may affect the
production process of the same.

b. Make constant visits to the organization for better compliance

exactly of the specific objectives set.
 46

c. Verify that all activities of the processes are described in

each of the diagrams so that production does not have
problems such as time losses.

d. Carry out the division of labor in a way that allows for mutual knowledge of each other.

general objectives of each department, which will help to fulfill

with specific activities and achieve better communication
internal.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MUNCH, Lourdes. Organizational Management Approaches and Process

Administrative. Second Edition, 2014. UTI Code:

PALACIOS ACERO, Luis Carlos Engineering of methods and movements,

Second Edition, 2009. UTI Code: 7753

CRUELLES RUIZ, José Agustín, Work Methods times and their

application to planning and continuous improvement, Second Edition,
Mexico 2013. UTI Code: 7738

B., JACOBS, F. Robert and AQUILANO, Nicholas J. Administration of the

Production and Operations for Competitive Advantage, Tenth Edition,
Mexico, 2006

ANNEXES

Illustration 2: Skins before Illustration 3: Drum for Tanning

Like
 47

Illustration 4: Machine for Illustration 5: Hairless skins

skinned

Illustration 6: Painting area. Illustration 7: Painted skins

Illustration 8: Skin Stocking Illustration 9: Skin milling machine

Illustration 10: Substances Illustration 11: Product

Chemicals finished
48