0 ratings0% found this document useful (0 votes) 107 views132 pagesMath Counts AMC8 V2
AMC8 Mathcounts prep book
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content,
claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Table of Contents
Chapter 7 Transformations 1
Chapter 8 Conscentive Integers
Chapter 9 Operations with Decimals 40
Chapter 10 Sets and Venn Diagrams
Chapter 11 Counting Techniques 83
Chapter 12 Divisiblty
Index 128 ‘This page is intentionally left blank. Chapter 7 Transform:
AMC 8 Prepat
1. BASIC KNOWLI
The Euclidean transformations ate the most commonly used transformations,
‘An Euclidean transformation is either a translation, a rotation, ofa reflection, In
‘an Euclidian transformations, engths and angles are preserved,
Rotation means turing around a center. The distance from the center to any
Poin on the shape stays the same. Every point makes
acircle around the center. TT
a" C y
samme size as the original image. The central line is
called the mirror line. Mirror lines ean be in any
zs AI
point ofa figure moves an equal distance inthe
Reflect
A transformation in which eve
same direction; a slide. Chapter 7'Transfor
Translation simply means moving without rotating, resizing or anything else, just
‘moving. To translate a figure, every point of the shape must move the same
distance in the same direetin,
‘When a transformation is dene in a coordinate system, i is called the coordinate
system transformation
In this lecture, we will classify the transformations problems in AMC 8 or
Mathcounts by two types: the coordinate system transformation, and the
geometric objects transformation,
2, THE COORDINATE SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION
(1). PCo.35) is point The image of P under reflections
(a). In the x-axis (Yo)
(4). In the y-axis. Care)
(0. Inthe linex = 2a~Xe34)
(d). In the line y (iy,2a— Yo)
(6. Inthe fine y= Owxd
(fj. In the line y Yu%)
(g). Inthe line y = 1+ me Oy =m tm)
(i). Inthe line y=
axis of the point whose coordinates are (5, ~3)?
(AV5-3) B)(5-3) C(-3,5) (D)(5,3) (E)(3,-5)
Solution: A. AMC 8 Preparation apter 7 Transformations
‘We know that by (1) (8), for point PC,y4), the image of P under reflections in
3)
the y-axis is (-2),3,). So the coordinates of the point ae (
Example 2. fthe point whose coordinates are (~ 5, 3) is refleeted across the line
1) =—2, what are the coordinates of its image?
AMCS-1 BS) Ol-7,5) (5,7) (ENC7~3)
Solution: A.
We know tkat by (I) (a), when point P(x,)4) is reflected over the line y =a,
the resulting point is (1y,2a—y.). The answer is [5,2 x (-2)—3], or (-5, ~
D.
Example 3. The point (5, 3) is reflected about the line x =2, The image point is
then reflected about the Hine The resulting point is (a,b). Cempute a * b
wi od 2 (ya (8
Solution: B,
‘We know tkat by (1) (c), when point (5, 3) is reflected across the line x = a the
resulting point is (2a ~ 1.9%), (2x 2~5,3),0r © 1, 3).
We know that by (1) (d), when point (~ 1, 3) reflected across the line » = a , the
resulting point is (2a ~y,), or (— 1,223), or (1, 1). Theanswer is | ~ I
=o.
Example 4. What isthe y-coordinate ofthe image when (5, 3) is reflected over
the line y=x?
2 (3 os ws on
Solution: €. AMC 8 Pre hapter 7
We know that by (1) (9, when P(sy,y4) is eflected across line y=, the
resulting pont is (4.8), 0F , 3)
The y-coordinate of the image is 5
Example 5. When the point (—3
the y-coordinate ofits image?
aa 3 (4 — @)-3E)-7
4) is reflected about the line y= —x, what is
Solution: B.
‘We know that by (1) (9, when point PC, is reflected across line y =—", the
resulting point is (~y4.~%)- So the coordinates ofthe image are (4,3) and the y=
coordinate i 3.
Example 6. The graph ofthe parabola y= x" ~2is reflected with respect tothe
line y-=—x. Write the equation ofthe resulting graph,
Solutions x1 9° =2
We know that by (1) (), when point P(x) is reflected across line y =~, the
resulting point is (35%).
yx" ~2will become -x)=(yF-2 xt
Example 7. The points (2, 3) and (5, 1) are reflected over the y-axis. Find the
‘number of square units in the area of the quadtilateral whose vertices are the
points and their images
we (yo 8 ’
(wi (6) 28 ery a
Solution: D. cay. ‘We know that by (1) (6), for point PC%9, XQ), the image of P unclera reflection
across the jmaxis is (—y.19)-
So the coorsinates of the images ofthe points (2, 3) and (5, 1) are (-2, 3) and (-S,
b.
The area of the quadriateral is @*10)*?
“4
Example 8, The triangle with vertices at A(—2, 2), B(-8, 2), and C(—8, ~ 1) is
reflected about the line y= 2x-+1, Express the coordinates ofthe reflection of 4
as an ordered pair
AVEO (B)(0=2) (2,8) (D)(2,=2) 2,0)
‘We know that by (1) (i), for point P(%,.¥4), the image of P under a reflection
sonsstte ne Ary $C oan Be ts
AlYg = 21) = By =)
Thelne y=2e+1 canbe witenas 2e-y1=0
p22 ero fanaa
noyn4
2(2-y,)=--2-)
Solving, we get m= 2and yy = 0.
So the coordinates of A are (2,0.
3
[HE GEOMETRIC OBI
RANSFORMATION
Figure reflection theorem
a figure is determined by certain points, then its refleetion image is the
corresponding figure determined by the reflection images of those points
6 AMC 8 Prepar:
Chapter 7
The perpendicular bisector theorem
Ia point ison the perpendicular bisector of a segment, then it i equidistant from
the endpoints ofthe segment,
Given: P is on the perpendicular bisector m of the segment
AB. Prove: PA = PB.
Proof.
Since 2PBA = 2PAB = 90°, BH = AH, and PH = PH, thus
APHA® APHB = PA =PB l
‘The reflection image of point 4 over the line mis the point B if and only if m is
the perpendicular bisector of segment AB,
Segment symmetry theorem
A segment has exactly two symmetry lines:
(1) Its perpendicular bisector
2) The line containing the segment
Ansle svimmetry theorem
‘The line containing the bisector of an angle is symmetry line of the angle.
‘Summary of two important properties:
(1) The symmetric line ofa shape separates the shape into two congruent parts
(2) The symmetric line is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment
‘connecting two symmetsie points,
Example 9. Which of the five “T-like shapes
AVIS DY) ITT
Example 11. A regular pentagon is rotated ¢? clockwise around its center until it
coincides with its original image. What is the smallest positive measure of
degrees in a?
(aso (B)Asy HOD) (E) 08"
Solution: D Example 12, How mary lines of symmetry does a square have?
Solution: 4 (lines) Ko
Example 13, How mary of the eighteen pentominoes pictured below have at least
fone line of symmetry?
(a3 (4 @s (6 «7
len JL apa
Tea db Ure oh
Solution: (D),
Exactly six have at leat one line of symmetry. They ar:
J Pele a Chapter 7’Transformat}
Example 14, Rectangle ABCD is folded along line ZF so that point & falls on
point D. If AD = 6 and AB = 8, find the length of the crease EF
Is 5 ~) 1S Ss ait
OF OF OF o> (uy
Solution: C. 48 2
ascb~arop = BC FO
DC” DO
10 right triangle, so Bi
D ©
Example 15. In the figure shown, ABCD is a square piece of paper 6 cm on each
side, Comer Cis folded over so that it coincides with B,the
midpoint of AD . If GF represents the crease created by the
= 6
fold, what is the length of FD?
i F
49 B94 (C32 O74 *
a6. e
Solution: B.
Connect CE. .
GPs the symmetric line (perpendicular bisector of the line «
segment CE). @
Applying Pythagorean Theorem to ACDE:
ED? + CD? =CE' = 3° 46° =CE*
35
= Ch=WS = CH=*D asp ed
We see that ACDI
~ACHF,
10 So we have £2 =CE _ 5
CHR > BIB 6x
7
4
2
Example 16. A rectangular sheet of paper measures 12" by 9". One comer is
folded onto the diagonally opposite comer and the paper is creased. What i the
Fength in inches ofthe crease?
@ss isa 92D) HUE
Solution: E.
Method 1
Connect BD and call the intersection point of BD and
EF point 0.
‘We know that BF isthe perpendicular bisector of BD
and BO = FO.
Since AB = 9” and BC= 12", then the diagonal BD is
18” and BO= 15/2"
ABOF ABCD (occause two angles are the same),
Is
so OF FO he OF 2 ans OF = 45:8
cD” BC 1
2 45/8
Method 2:
Draw FG.LAD:
AFEG2ADBA ok
FE 8D Feombere, we can solve for EF.
FG” AD 7
er =x eG
u AMC 8 Preparation Chapter 7:Transformations
Method3
Conneet 8D, BD~ 15" and daw COVE, with G on AD.
Fis parallelogmin so CG ~ FE
‘D = BDA, so ACGD > ADBA
6 _@ cG_9
BD AD’ 15 12
CG = EF Is
wont
4
2
Method 4
Draw BD (BD = 15"). tmeets EF at point 0.
BF is the perpendicular bisector of BD.
BD=13", OD= 152". Let ZADB = a
Right triangle ADB = tan a~ AB/AD = 9112 = 34
Right triangle B0D= can a= OB/OD = OF(15/2) =
208/15.
So 3-208 Gp = OF, and BF =2 OF nt
as 4
Method 5
Connect BD, BE, DF.
Quadrilateral BEDF is a shombus, The area of the
rhombus is oF BD =DExCD,
BE? = AB AB= AB? + (AD- DEY’.
ie, DE =9" +(12—DE)? or DE = 75/8.
1 8 1
BF «152259, or EF=45/4=
5 28, 08 B= 454 = 115
Method 6:
‘The area of triangle BFD is equal tothe area of ECD, so
wwe can say
EF%OD _CD 180°. $0,
DE «DA = DO «DB,
Is
_Doxpe _ 2%! _75
DA iz 8
l
‘Then we get BP = 11,
ect :
DE
Method 8: As shown i the figure to the right,
49 =(2-3)'
Solving for, x= 20/8
“Applying the Pythagorean thoorsm to triangle DEO,
wwe have
Example 17. A rectangular paper is folded along an axis of symmetry as shown.
‘The shape of the resulting figure is similar to the
shape of the original figure, Find x
(A) 10 (BS (C)2_(D) 3V2_(E) Sv2
i
Solution: E.
case: £=!2 — —5=10 Gwe can ignore this case)
B Example 18. A wire is wrapped atound a cylinder forming a helix as inthe
picture, [Fhe wire only goes around the eylinder once, and the height and
diameter ofthe cylinder are both 10 em, find the Feng ofthe wirein <>
simplest radical form. >
Wins Blo © 2aAwWiee
(0) xVi0 ©) 100 2
Solution: A.
Cut the eylinder vertically from one end of the wire to
the other and unfold. The flat, unfolded resulting figure
is a rectangle of height 10 em and width 10x em. The 10
length of the wire isthe same as the length of AC.
i? 0x) =10V1 + > oe ¢
Example 19. A white cylindrical silo has a diameter of 20 feet and a height of 60
fet, A red stripe with a horizontal width of 3 feet is painted on the
silo, as shown, making two complete revolutions around it, What is
the area ofthe stripe in square feet?
(A) 120 B)I80— (20 (D160. (EY ABO
Solution: B.
If the stripe were cut from the silo and spread flat, it would form a
parallogra 3 et wie an 60 fst high The aren of te sp is then 366)
180 squate feet
\4T¢
“ AMC 8 Preparati Chapter 7:Transformations
Example 20. A 5 inch by 8 inch rectangular piece of paper can be rolled up to
form either of two right circular eylinders, a cylinder with a height of 8 inches or
«cylinder with a height ofS inches. What isthe ratio of the volume of the 8 inch
tall eylinder to the volume of the 5 inch tall eylinder?
vi
2
W584 O32 O74)
Solutio
Trevose vein 7298 a 1 =D
Sy
yx SY x8
‘The ratio is “+ = 2 5
xbyas 8
ax x5:
Example 21, Rectangle PORS lies in a plane with PQ 3 and OR= SP=4,
‘The rectangle is rotated 90 °clockwise about R, then rotated 90° clockwise about
the point that $ moved t after the first rotation. What is the length ofthe path
traveled by point P?
(OB (Bb (Yr CIA" (©) 2Wide
Sotuti
as Let P’and $denote the positions of P and S, respectively, after the totation about
Rand let P denote the final position of P.
In the rotation that moves P to position P% point P rotates 90° on a circle with
center R and radius PR = 3? +4? =5. The length of the are traced by P is
1 Se.
Fonxs =
Next, P’rotctes to P” through a 90 °are on a citele with center $“and radius 5)
ATH lenath ofthis ares Hex 4) = 20
Tetons vl y Pie SE 426
ste oy ae
v4 3
C e eae
® ° : ‘
oe eo
16 PROBL
Problem 1 Ifthe graph ofthe equation y= (x-+2)"is reflected with respect to
the y-axis, what is the equaten ofthe resulting graph?
(yar —4r+4 (8) axa2 (©) y=G-27
() ye naend (Byes 2044
Problem 2. Pand (are reflestions of (2,~3) across the sais a the ya,
respectively, Find the length of PQ ins
nplest radical form,
(97 ®wW3 OB ws (94
Problem 3. Ifthe graph of the equation y = 1° + 3is reflected with respeet to the
Tine
2 , what is the maximum value of the reflected graph?
(ays 7 oe 3 4
Problem 4, What isthe sum o*the coordinates ofthe point obtained by first
reflection (8, 8) over the line x=3, and then reflecting that point over the line
year
(A)-2 (Bs on 3 (4
Problem 5. The point (2, 3) isrefleeted about the x-axis to a point P. Then P is
reflected about the line y= to. point O. What is the s-coordinate of Q?
(Ay2 (B)s os 3 ©2
Problem 6. The center ofa circle has coordinates (6, ~ 5). The circle is reflected
about the line y =.x, What are the coordinates of the center ofthe image circle?
AE) BS) O66) O00 (0,1)
Problem 7. Write the equation for the graph shown below afterit —\.|
is reflected about the line y= Th.
(A) x42y (B) x-2y=0 (©) 2x+y=0
wv AMC 8 Preparation Chapter 7 Transforma
(D)2x-yp=0 @) xty=0
Problem 8. What isthe sum of the new coordinates of point (5,~ 1) when itis
reflected across the line y =».
w+ ws o-6 (ys (es
Problem 9. Point 4 has coordinates (—2, 1), Point Bis the image of 4 reflected
in the line y-=3. Point Cis the image of B reflected in the line y=.x-+3, Point D
is the image of C reflected in the
ras Ba ©@2 (yo ®1
nex=0, What isthe distance between and D
Problem 10, The point Q is the image of point P 2, 7) reflected through the line
x+2y=6, What are the coordinates of O?
A449 BA) OB) OD (C2
Problem 11. Which of the following represents the result when the figure shown
is rotated cloclewise 240° about ite enter?
A ° 2 A &)
OOhO 4\AC) \OS
“o 8 © © ©
Problem 12. Which ofthe figures shown can be obtained from [by a rotation
of the figure in the plane of the paper?
EVAN GND
18 AMC 8 Pra
Chapte
nsformations
Problem 13. Ifthe rhombus is rotated clockwise about its center point C, whats
‘the minimum numer of degrees it must rotate before it
ccoincides with the original shape?
Problem 14, How many axes of symmetry does are
not a square?
angle have given that iis
Problem 15. Which lines in the rectangle are lines of symmetry?
a
Problem 16, A square piece of paper 12 inches on each side is folded as shown,
0 that A falls on E, the midpoint of DC, What 4
is the mumber of square inches inthe area of
the triangular piece that extends beyond F
(te tangulr pec i shaded inthe gram
shown)? >
wr om of om ©
Problem 17. The square piece of paper shown is folded over so that vertex A lies
‘on vertex C. The peper is folded again so that vertex Clies 4 *
‘on the midpoint of DB. Given that the length of one side of
the square is 6 cm, find the length in centimeters of the
second fold
(A) 6v2 (BA O3 (DWI (HY) WI
> €
19 AMC 8 Preparat Chapter 7:Transformati
Problem 18, Corner 4 of a rectangular piece of paper of with 8 inches is folded
lover so that it eoineides with point Con the opposite
side. If BC $ inches, find the length in inches of
fold.
(A) 5V5 (B) V5 (©2V5_ (D) 23 (B) WS
+ =
Problem 19. A square piece of paper is folded once so that one pair of opposite
comers coincide. When the papers unfolded, two congrucot angles have been
formed. Given that the ara of the orginal square is 49 square inches, what is he
tunbe of inches in the perimeter of one ofthese triangles?
(A) 4472 @THND (C2 (Da HHI
Problem 20. A canis inthe shape of aright circular eylinder. The circumference
of the base of the can is 12 inches, and the height ofthe can is 5
inches. A spiral stip is painted on the ean in such a way that it
‘winds around the can exactly once as it reaches from the bottom,
fof the can tothe top. It eaches the top ofthe can directly above
the spot where it left the bottom, What isthe length, in inches, of|
the strip?
(air BB (O25n (D)12e (&) 60
Problem 21. circular eylnder is formed by rolling am 8% 11" paper
vertically and taping it with no overlap. A second eylinder is formed by rolling an
se 1 per texan ping ith 9 oat, Wit tt
the volume ofthe $1" tl eyinderto the volume ofthe 11" tall eylinder?
Aus BINT O32 M27 (INIT
