MCQ

a) -2 b) -1 c) 0 d) 1 e) 2 Ans =c

2.

A ) 100 b) displays error as ++a is not enclosed in double quotes in println statement

c) compiler displays error as ++a is not a valid identifier d) 101 ans =c

3)

a) 12 b) 11 c) 10 d) compilation error ans c

4) Which one is not available in java?

a) \t b) \r c) \a d) \\ e) \v ans =c

5)

a) True b) false c) compiler error d) runtime error Ans=a

6)

Ans =b
7)

Ans = c

8)

9)

10)
11)

12)

1. Which of the following can be operands of arithmetic operators?

a) Numeric b) Boolean c) Characters d) Both Numeric & Characters
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The operand of arithmetic operators can be any of numeric or character type, But
not boolean.
13)

2. Modulus operator, %, can be applied to which of these?

a) Integers b) Floating – point numbers c) Both Integers and floating – point numbers
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Modulus operator can be applied to both integers and floating point numbers.
14)

3. With x = 0, which of the following are legal lines of Java code for changing the value of x to 1?
1. x++;
2. x = x + 1;
3. x += 1;
4. x =+ 1;
a) 1, 2 & 3 b) 1 & 4 c) 1, 2, 3 & 4 d) 3 & 2
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Operator ++ increases value of variable by 1. x = x + 1 can also be written in
shorthand form as x += 1. Also x =+ 1 will set the value of x to 1.
15)

Decrement operator, −−, decreases the value of variable by what number?

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: None.
16)
Which of these statements are incorrect?
a) Assignment operators are more efficiently implemented by Java run-time system than their
equivalent long forms
b) Assignment operators run faster than their equivalent long forms
c) Assignment operators can be used only with numeric and character data type
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: None.
17)

What will be the output of the following Java program?

1. class increment
2. { public static void main(String args[])
3. {
4. double var1 = 1 + 5; double var2 = var1 / 4;
5. int var3 = 1 + 5; int var4 = var3 / 4;
6. [Link](var2 + " " + var4);
7. } }
a) 1 1 b) 0 1 c) 1.5 1 d) 1.5 1.0

Ans= Answer: c
Explanation: None

18)

What will be the output of the following Java program?

1. class Modulus
2. { public static void main(String args[])
3. { double a = 25.64;
4. int b = 25; a = a % 10;
5. b = b % 10; [Link](a + " " + b);}}
a) 5.640000000000001 5
b) 5.640000000000001 5.0
c) 5 5
d) 5 5.640000000000001
Answer: a
Explanation: Modulus operator returns the remainder of a division operation on the operand. a =
a % 10 returns 25.64 % 10 i:e 5.640000000000001. Similarly b = b % 10 returns 5.

19)
What will be the output of the following Java program?

1. class increment
2. { public static void main(String args[])
3. { int g = 3;[Link](++g * 8);
4. } }
a) 25 b) 24 c) 32 d) 33
Answer: c
Explanation: Operator ++ has more preference than *, thus g becomes 4 and when
multiplied by 8 gives 32.

20)
 Can 8 byte long data type be automatically type cast to 4 byte float data type?
a) True b) False

Explanation: Both data types have different memory representation that’s why 8-byte integral
data type can be stored to 4-byte floating point data type.

21)
What will be the output of the following Java program?

1. class Output
2. { public static void main(String args[])
3. { int a = 1;
4. int b = 2;
5. int c; int d;
6. c = ++b; d = a++; c++; b++; ++a;
7. [Link](a + " " + b + " " + c);
8. } }

a) 3 2 4 b) 3 2 3 c) 2 3 4 d) 3 4 4 Answer: d

22)
• 1. Which of the following can be operands of arithmetic operators?
• A. Characters B. Boolean C. Numeric D. Both Boolean & Characters
View Answer
Ans :- D
Explanation:- The operand of arithmetic operators can be any of numeric or character type, But not boolean.

23)
Which of these can be returned by the operator & ?
• A. Integer B. Boolean C. Character D. Integer or Boolean
View Answer Ans :- D

24)
Modulus operator, %, can be applied to which of these?
• A. Integers B. Floating – point numbers C. Both Integers and floating – point
numbers. D. None of the mentioned
View Answer Ans :- C

25)
• An Arithmetic expression in Java involves which Operators or Operations?
• A. Addition (+), Subtraction (-) B. Multiplication (*), Division (/)
• C. Modulo Division (%), Increment/Decrement (++/--), Unary Minus (-), Unary Plus (+)
• D. All the above

View Answer Ans :- D

26)
• Choose the Compound Assignment Arithmetic Operators in Java below.
• A. +=, -= B. *=, /= C. %= D. All the above
View Answer Ans :- D

27)
• int x = 0, y = 0 , z = 0 ;
x = (++x + y-- ) * z++;
What will be the value of "x" after execution ?
• A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. -1
View Answer Ans :- A
 28)
• int ++a = 100 ;
[Link]( ++a ) ;
What will be the output of the above fraction of code ?
• A. 100
• B. Compiler displays error as ++a is not a valid identifier
• C. Displays error as ++a is not enclosed in double quotes in println statement
• D. None of these

View Answer
Ans :- D

29)
• What is the output of the following program ?

class Numbers{
public static void main(String args[]){ int a=20, b=10;
if((a < b) && (b++ < 25)){ [Link]("This is any language logic");}
[Link](b);}}
• A. 10 B. 11 C. 12 D. Compilation Error
View Answer Ans :- A

30)

With x = 0, which of the following are legal lines of Java code for changing the value of x to 1? 1. x++;
2. x = x + 1;
3. x += 1;
4. x =+ 1;
A. 1 & 4 B. 3 & 2 C. 1, 2 & 3 D. 1, 2, 3 & 4
View Answer Ans :- B
Explanation:- Operator ++ increases value of variable by 1. x = x + 1 can also be written in shorthand form
as x += 1. Also x =+ 1 will set the value of x to 1.

31)

• Which of these statements are incorrect?

• A. Assignment operators run faster than their equivalent long forms.
• B. Assignment operators can be used only with numeric and character data type.
• C. Assignment operators are more efficiently implemented by Java run-time system than their equivalent
long forms.
• D. None of the above

View Answer
Ans :- D

32)

• What is the output of the below Java code snippet?

int a = 2 - - 7;
[Link](a);
• A. -5 B. 9 C. 10 D. Compiler Error
View Answer Ans :- B
Explanation:- Minus of Minus is Plus. So 2 - - 7 becomes 2+7.

33)
• When the operators are having the same priority, they are evaluated from ………………………….. in the
order they appear in the expression.
• A. left to right B. right to left C. any of the above D. none of the above
View Answer Ans :- A
 34)
• Which of these have highest precedence?
• A. ++ B. * C. >> D. ()
View Answer
Ans :- D Explanation:- Order of precedence is (highest to lowest) a -> b -> c -> d.
35)
• What should be expression1 evaluate to in using ternary operator as in this line?
expression1 ? expression2 : expression3
• A. Integer B. Boolean C. Floating – point numbers D. None of the mentioned
View Answer
Ans :- B
Explanation:- The controlling condition of ternary operator must evaluate to boolean.

• 36) Which right shift operator preserves the sign of the value?
• A. >> B. >>= C. << D. <<=
View Answer Ans :- A
37)
• Which of these statements are incorrect?
• A. The right shift operator automatically fills the higher order bits with 0
• B. The left shift operator can be used as an alternative to multiplying by 2
• C. The left shift operator, <<, shifts all of the bits in a value to the left specified number of times
• D. The right shift operator, >>, shifts all of the bits in a value to the right specified number of times

View Answer Ans :- A

38)
• What is the output of this program?

class bool_operator
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
boolean a = true; boolean b = !true;
boolean c = a | b; boolean d = a & b; boolean e = d ? b : c;
[Link](d + " " + e); }}
• A. true ture B. false false C. true false D. false true
View Answer Ans :- D

39) Which of the following loops will execute the body of loop even when condition controlling the loop is
initially false?
• A. for B. while C. do-while D. none of the mentioned
View Answer Ans :- C

40) Which of these jump statements can skip processing the remainder of the code in its body for a
particular iteration?
• A. return B. break C. continue D. exit
• View Answer Ans :- C

41) Which of this statement is incorrect?

• A. switch statement is more efficient than a set of nested ifs
• B. two case constants in the same switch can have identical values
• C. it is possible to create a nested switch statements
• D. switch statement can only test for equality, whereas if statement can evaluate any type of boolean
expression

View Answer Ans :- B

• 42) int x = 11 & 9;
int y = x ^ 3;
[Link]( y | 12 );
}
}
• A. 0 B. 7 C. 8 D. 14
View Answer Ans :- D
Explanation:- The & operator produces a 1 bit when both bits are 1. The result of the & operation is 9. The ^
operator produces a 1 bit when exactly one bit is 1; the result of this operation is 10. The | operator produces
a 1 bit when at least one bit is 1; the result of this operation is 14.

• 43) int x=20;

String sup = (x < 15) ? "s" : (x < 22)? "t" : "h";
[Link](sup);
}
}
• A. s B. t C. h D. Compilation fails
View Answer Ans :- B
Explanation:- This is an example of a nested ternary operator. The second evaluation (x < 22) is true, so the
“”t”” value is assigned to sup.

• 44) Which of the following will produce an answer that is closest in value to a double, d, while not being
greater than d?
• A. (int)[Link](d); B. (int)[Link](d); C. (int)[Link](d);
• D. (int)[Link](d);

View Answer Ans :- D Explanation:- The casting to an int is a smokescreen.

• 45)void start(){ long [] a1 = {3,4,5};

long [] a2 = fix(a1);
[Link](a1[0] + a1[1] + a1[2] + " "); [Link](a2[0] + a2[1] + a2[2]);
}
long [] fix(long [] a3)
{
a3[1] = 7; return a3;
}
}
• A. 12 12 B. 15 15 C. 3 7 5 3 7 5 D. 3 4 5 3 7 5
View Answer Ans :- B
Explanation:- The reference variables a1 and a3 refer to the same long array object. When the [1] element is
updated in the fix() method, it is updating the array referred to by a1. The reference variable a2 refers to the
same array object. So Output: 3+7+5+”” “”3+7+5 Output: 15 15 Because Numeric values will be added

• 46) public static void main(String args[])

{
int x = 3; int y = ~ x; int z;
z = x > y ? x : y; [Link](z); } }
}
• A. 0 B. 1 C. 3 D. -4
View Answer Ans :- C Explanation:- None. output: $ javac ternary_operator.java $ java
ternary_operator 3

• 47) int x , y = 1;
x = 10;
if (x != 10 && x / 0 == 0) [Link](y);
else [Link](++y);
} }
• A. 1 B. 2 C. Unpredictable behavior of program
• D. Runtime error owing to division by zero in if condition

View Answer Ans :- B

Explanation:- Operator short circuit and, &&, skips evaluating right hand operand if left hand operand is
false thus division by zero in if condition does not give an error. output: $ javac [Link] $ java Output 2

• 48) What will be result of the result of the expression -14%-3

• A. -2 B. 2 C. -4 D. 4
View Answer Ans :- A

• 49) OOPs stands for __.

• A. Object Oriented Program System B. Object Oriented Programming System
• C. Object Orienting Programming System D. None of the above
View Answer Ans :- B

• 50) Which of the following is not relevant to OOPS?

• A. Object and Class B. Constructor and Method
• C. Encapsulation and Inheritance D. Enumerated type and Structure
View Answer Ans :- D
Explanation:- Enumerated type and Structure is not related to OOPS.

• 51) Which of the following is not OOPS concept in Java?

• A. Compilation B. Inheritance C. Encapsulation D. Polymorphism
View Answer
Ans :- A
Explanation:- There are 4 OOPS concepts in Java. Inheritance, Encapsulation, Polymorphism and
Abstraction.

• 52) Mark the incorrect statement from the following:

• A. In java language objects have to be manipulated
• B. In java language error processing is built into the language
• C. In java it is not easy to write C-like so called procedural programs
• D. Java is a fully object oriented language with strong support for proper software engineering techniques

View Answer Ans :- B

Explanation:- Java is basically designed for compiler construction but later on it is also being used for
internet programming.

• 53) Can we overload constructor in derived class?

• A. yes B. No
View Answer Ans :- B Explanation:- No, we cannot overload constructor in derived class.

• 54) Which of the following is a type of polymorphism in Java?

• A. Multiple polymorphism B. Compile time polymorphism
• C. Multilevel polymorphism D. Execution time polymorphism
View Answer Ans :- B

• 55) Which of the following is a type of polymorphism in Java?

• A. Multiple polymorphism B. Compile time polymorphism C. Multilevel polymorphism
• D. Execution time polymorphism

View Answer Ans :- B

55a) Runtime polymorphism feature in java is

• A. method overriding B. method overloading C. operator overloading
• D. constructor overloading
 View Answer Ans :- A
Explanation:- Since in method overriding both the classes(base class and child class) have same method,
compile doesn’t figure out which method to call at compile-time. In this case JVM(java virtual machine)
decides which method to call at runtime that’s why it is known as runtime or dynamic polymorphism.

• 56) Encapsulation concept in java is

• A. method hiding B. Hiding constructor C. Hiding complexity
• D. None of the above

View Answer Ans :- C

• 57) Which is an abstract data type?

• A. Class B. Enum C. String D. Double
View Answer Ans :- A Explanation:- Class is an abstract data type.

• 58) When does method overloading is determined?

• A. At run time B. At coding time C. At compile time D. At execution time
View Answer Ans :- C
Explanation:- Overloading is determined at compile time. Hence, it is also known as compile time
polymorphism.

• 59) Exposing only necessary information to clients ( main programs, classes) is known as
• A. Data hiding B. Abstraction C. Encapsulation D. Hiding complexity
View Answer Ans :- B

• 60) In java, objects are passed as

• A. Copy of that object B. Method called call by value C. Memory address D. Constructor
View Answer Ans :- C
Explanation:- Objects are passed as memory address but not by the constructor etc.,

• 61) When Overloading does not occur?

• A. More than one method with same name, same signature but different number of signature
• B. More than one method with same name, same number of parameters and type but different signature
• C. More than one method with same name, same signature, same number of parameters but different
type
• D. More than one method with same name but different method signature and different number or type of
parameters

View Answer Ans :- B

Explanation:- Overloading occurs when more than one method with same name but different constructor
and also when same signature but different number of parameters and/or parameter type.

Assertion and reason

1. **Assertion:** In Java, a static method can be called using the class name without creating an object of the class.
**Reason:** Static methods belong to the class rather than to any specific instance of the class.

2. **Assertion:** In Java, an abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods.
**Reason:** Abstract methods in a class are meant to be implemented by the subclass.

3. **Assertion:** Java is platform-independent due to its bytecode and JVM.

**Reason:** Java code is compiled into bytecode which can be executed on any platform that has Java Virtual
Machine (JVM) installed.
4. **Assertion:** A variable declared as `final` in Java can be reassigned a new value after initialization.
**Reason:** The `final` keyword in Java is used to make a variable constant and its value cannot be changed once
initialized.

5. **Assertion:** Java supports method overloading but not method overriding.

**Reason:** Method overloading allows a class to have multiple methods with the same name but different
parameters, while method overriding involves creating a new implementation of a method in a subclass.

6. **Assertion:** In Java, the `ArrayList` class is a part of the `[Link]` package.

**Reason:** The `ArrayList` class in Java provides resizable-array implementation of the List interface and is
part of the `[Link]` package.

7. **Assertion:** Java does not support multiple inheritance through classes.

**Reason:** Java supports multiple inheritance through interfaces, but not through classes to avoid the diamond
problem.

8. **Assertion:** Java uses automatic garbage collection for memory management.

**Reason:** Java's automatic garbage collection mechanism automatically deallocates memory that is no longer
in use, helping to prevent memory leaks.

******* Here are some assertion and reason based questions on operators in Java programming language:

1. **Assertion:** The `==` operator in Java can be used to compare the values of two objects.
**Reason:** The `==` operator in Java compares references for objects, not their actual values.

2. **Assertion:** The `&&` operator in Java performs short-circuit evaluation.

**Reason:** The `&&` operator evaluates the second operand only if the first operand is true, which helps
improve efficiency in certain situations.

3. **Assertion:** The `%` operator in Java can be used to determine if a number is even or odd.
**Reason:** When a number is divided by 2 and the remainder is 0, it indicates that the number is even;
otherwise, it is odd.

4. **Assertion:** The `++` operator in Java can be used both as a prefix and a postfix operator.
**Reason:** The `++` operator can increment the value of a variable by 1 either before or after the current value
is used in an expression.

5. **Assertion:** The `<<` operator in Java is used for left shift operation.
**Reason:** The `<<` operator shifts the bits of a number to the left by a specified number of positions,
effectively multiplying the number by 2 raised to the power of the shift count.

6. **Assertion:** The `!=` operator in Java is used to check for inequality between two values.
**Reason:** The `!=` operator returns true if the values being compared are not equal, and false otherwise.

7. **Assertion:** The `+=` operator in Java can be used to concatenate two strings.
 **Reason:** The `+=` operator in Java is used to add the right operand to the left operand and assign the result to
the left operand, which can be used for string concatenation.

8. **Assertion:** The `?:` operator in Java is known as the ternary operator.

**Reason:** The `?:` operator in Java is a conditional operator that takes three operands and is used to evaluate a
boolean expression to determine which of the other two expressions should be returned.

******** Here are some assertion and reason based questions on iterative constructs in Java programming
language for ICSE 10th standard:

1. **Assertion:** The `for` loop in Java is suitable when the number of iterations is known.
**Reason:** The `for` loop in Java consists of three parts: initialization, condition, and increment/decrement,
making it ideal for iterating a specific number of times.

2. **Assertion:** The `while` loop in Java is an entry-controlled loop.

**Reason:** The condition in a `while` loop is checked before the loop body is executed, ensuring that the loop
runs only if the condition is true.

3. **Assertion:** The `do-while` loop in Java guarantees that the loop body will execute at least once.
**Reason:** In a `do-while` loop, the condition is checked after the loop body is executed, ensuring that the loop
body runs at least once even if the condition is false.

4. **Assertion:** The `break` statement in Java is used to terminate the loop and transfer control to the statement
immediately following the loop.
**Reason:** The `break` statement is commonly used to exit a loop prematurely based on a certain condition,
allowing the program to skip the remaining iterations.

5. **Assertion:** The `continue` statement in Java is used to skip the current iteration of a loop and continue with
the next iteration.
**Reason:** The `continue` statement is useful when a specific condition is met and the current iteration's
remaining code should be skipped.

6. **Assertion:** Infinite loops can be created in Java using the `while` loop construct.
**Reason:** An infinite loop occurs when the loop condition always evaluates to true, causing the loop to
continue indefinitely until interrupted.

7. **Assertion:** The `for-each` loop in Java is used to iterate over elements of an array or a collection.
**Reason:** The `for-each` loop simplifies iteration by automatically iterating through each element of an array
or collection without the need for explicit index manipulation.

8. **Assertion:** Nested loops in Java allow for multiple levels of iteration within a program.
**Reason:** Nested loops in Java consist of one loop inside another, enabling complex patterns and structures to
be processed efficiently.

******** Here are some assertion-reason questions on conditional constructs in Java programming
language for ICSE class 10th standard:
1. Assertion: In Java, the "if" statement is used to execute a block of code only if a specified condition is true.
Reason: Conditional constructs allow the program to make decisions based on the evaluation of certain conditions.

2. Assertion: The "else" statement in Java is used to execute a block of code if the same condition specified in the
"if" statement evaluates to false.
Reason: Conditional constructs provide the ability to execute different blocks of code based on whether certain
conditions are met or not.

3. Assertion: Java supports nested if-else statements, allowing multiple conditions to be evaluated sequentially.
Reason: Conditional constructs in Java provide flexibility in controlling the flow of program execution based on
various conditions.

4. Assertion: The "switch" statement in Java can be used as an alternative to multiple nested if-else statements for
handling multiple conditions.
Reason: Conditional constructs like the "switch" statement help improve code readability and maintainability by
simplifying complex conditional logic.

5. Assertion: The "break" statement is used within a switch statement to terminate the execution of the switch block.
Reason: Conditional constructs in Java offer control over the flow of program execution, allowing for efficient
handling of different scenarios.

6. Assertion: The ternary operator (?:) in Java provides a concise way to write conditional expressions.
Reason: Conditional constructs like the ternary operator help streamline code by reducing the need for lengthy if-
else statements in certain scenarios.

7. Assertion: Conditional constructs in Java, such as if-else statements, contribute to the structure and organization
of the code.
Reason: Proper use of conditional constructs enhances the readability and maintainability of Java programs,
making them easier to understand and debug.

8. Assertion: Java does not support the use of switch statements with strings as case labels.
Reason: Conditional constructs like switch statements in Java can only be used with integral types (byte, short, int,
char) and enumerated types.

******* Here are some assertion-reason questions on class object constructs in Java programming language for
ICSE class 10th standard:

1. Assertion: In Java, objects are instances of classes that encapsulate data and behavior.
Reason: Class object constructs in Java facilitate the creation of reusable code by defining the structure and
behavior of objects.

2. Assertion: The "new" keyword in Java is used to create objects of a class.

Reason: Class object constructs enable the instantiation of multiple objects from a single class blueprint, each with
its own distinct set of properties and behaviors.

3. Assertion: In Java, a constructor is a special type of method that is invoked automatically when an object of a
class is created.
 Reason: Class object constructs, including constructors, initialize the state of objects by assigning initial values to
their member variables.

4. Assertion: Encapsulation in Java refers to the bundling of data and methods within a class, hiding the internal
implementation details from the outside world.
Reason: Class object constructs support encapsulation, which promotes modularity, reusability, and security in
Java programs.

5. Assertion: Java classes can have multiple constructors with different parameter lists, known as constructor
overloading.
Reason: Class object constructs offer flexibility in object initialization by allowing constructors with varying
parameter sets to accommodate different usage scenarios.

6. Assertion: Access modifiers such as "public," "private," and "protected" in Java control the visibility and
accessibility of class members, including variables and methods.
Reason: Class object constructs in Java provide mechanisms for data hiding and access control, ensuring the
integrity and security of objects.

7. Assertion: The "this" keyword in Java is used to refer to the current object within a class constructor or method.
Reason: Class object constructs enable the implementation of instance-specific logic by providing a reference to
the object being operated on.

8. Assertion: Inheritance in Java allows a class (subclass) to inherit properties and behaviors from another class
(superclass), promoting code reuse and hierarchy.
Reason: Class object constructs support inheritance, facilitating the creation of hierarchical relationships between
classes and promoting extensibility and maintainability in Java programs.

******* Here are some assertion-reason questions on array data structures in Java programming language,
covering both one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, suitable for ICSE class 10th standard:

1. Assertion: Arrays in Java are used to store multiple values of the same data type under a single variable name.
Reason: Array data structures provide a convenient way to manage collections of elements, improving code
organization and efficiency.

2. Assertion: In Java, arrays have a fixed size, meaning once created, the size cannot be changed.
Reason: Array data structures allocate a contiguous block of memory, making it necessary to specify the size of
the array at the time of declaration.

3. Assertion: The length of an array in Java can be obtained using the length attribute.
Reason: Array data structures in Java provide a built-in attribute called length, which returns the number of
elements in the array.

4. Assertion: Java supports one-dimensional arrays, allowing storage of elements in a single row or column.
Reason: One-dimensional arrays are a fundamental data structure in Java, providing a linear arrangement of
elements accessible through a single index.

5. Assertion: Accessing elements in a one-dimensional array in Java requires specifying the index of the element
within square brackets.
 Reason: Array data structures in Java use zero-based indexing, where the first element is accessed using the index
0, the second with index 1, and so on.

6. Assertion: Two-dimensional arrays in Java are arrays of arrays, forming a grid-like structure with rows and
columns.
Reason: Two-dimensional arrays allow for the representation of tabular data and matrix operations in Java
programs.

7. Assertion: Accessing elements in a two-dimensional array in Java requires specifying both the row and column
indices.
Reason: Two-dimensional arrays in Java are accessed using two indices, one for the row and one for the column,
separated by square brackets.

8. Assertion: Nested loops are commonly used to traverse and manipulate elements in a two-dimensional array in
Java.
Reason: Two-dimensional arrays in Java require nested iteration to access each element systematically, with one
loop iterating over rows and another over columns.

************ Here are some assertion-reason questions on keywords of the Java programming language suitable
for ICSE class 10th standard:

1. Assertion: In Java, "public" is a keyword used to declare a member (method or variable) accessible from outside
the class.
Reason: Keywords like "public" in Java provide access control mechanisms, determining the visibility of class
members to other classes and packages.

2. Assertion: "static" is a keyword in Java used to define class-level variables and methods, which belong to the
class rather than individual objects.
Reason: Keywords such as "static" in Java facilitate the creation of shared data and behavior among all instances
of a class.

3. Assertion: Java keyword "void" is used to specify that a method does not return any value.
Reason: Keywords like "void" in Java are used in method declarations to indicate that the method does not return
any data when executed.

4. Assertion: "final" is a keyword in Java used to declare constants, making their values immutable once initialized.
Reason: Keywords such as "final" in Java support the creation of immutable variables, enhancing code robustness
and maintainability.

5. Assertion: "private" is a keyword in Java used to restrict access to class members, allowing them to be accessed
only within the same class.
Reason: Keywords like "private" in Java enforce encapsulation, ensuring that sensitive data and implementation
details are hidden from external classes.

6. Assertion: Java keyword "if" is used to implement conditional branching, allowing the execution of a block of
code based on a specified condition.
 Reason: Keywords such as "if" in Java enable the implementation of decision-making logic in programs,
enhancing their flexibility and functionality.

7. Assertion: "this" is a keyword in Java used to refer to the current object instance within a class.
Reason: Keywords like "this" in Java enable the distinction between instance variables and parameters with the
same name, improving code clarity and readability.

8. Assertion: Java keyword "new" is used to dynamically allocate memory for an object and initialize it.
Reason: Keywords such as "new" in Java facilitate dynamic memory allocation, allowing objects to be created at
runtime as needed.

******* Here are some assertion-reason questions on input statements in the Java programming language
suitable for ICSE class 10th standard:

1. Assertion: In Java, the Scanner class is used to read input from the user through the keyboard.
Reason: Input statements in Java, such as those using the Scanner class, allow programs to interact with users by
accepting data during runtime.

2. Assertion: The nextInt() method of the Scanner class is used to read an integer input from the user.
Reason: Input statements in Java provide methods like nextInt() to parse and retrieve specific types of data entered
by the user.

3. Assertion: Java input statements must import the Scanner class from the [Link] package to be used in the
program.
Reason: Input statements in Java require the import statement to access classes and methods from external
packages, such as [Link] for input handling.

4. Assertion: The nextLine() method of the Scanner class reads a line of text input from the user, including spaces.
Reason: Input statements in Java, like nextLine(), facilitate the reading of entire lines of text entered by the user,
allowing for more flexible input handling.

5. Assertion: Java input statements should handle exceptions such as InputMismatchException to gracefully handle
invalid user input.
Reason: Input statements in Java may encounter errors when the user enters unexpected data types or formats,
necessitating exception handling to maintain program stability.

6. Assertion: Input statements in Java, such as those using the Scanner class, allow for the reading of various data
types, including integers, floating-point numbers, and strings.
Reason: Input statements in Java provide versatile methods for reading different types of user input,
accommodating a wide range of input data formats.

7. Assertion: The next() method of the Scanner class reads a single word input from the user, delimited by
whitespace.
Reason: Input statements in Java, like next(), enable the extraction of individual tokens or words from the user's
input stream, facilitating string processing and tokenization.
8. Assertion: Java input statements using the Scanner class require creating an instance of the Scanner class and
associating it with the [Link] object to read input from the keyboard.
Reason: Input statements in Java instantiate objects of input-handling classes like Scanner, establishing a
connection with the standard input stream ([Link]) for user input retrieval.

************** Here are some assertion-reason questions on wrapper class methods in Java programming
language suitable for ICSE class 10th standard:

1. Assertion: The parseInt() method of the Integer wrapper class is used to convert a string representation of an
integer into its corresponding primitive int type.
Reason: Wrapper class methods in Java, such as parseInt(), provide convenient utilities for converting between
primitive data types and their corresponding wrapper objects.

2. Assertion: The valueOf() method of the Boolean wrapper class is used to create a Boolean object representing the
specified boolean value.
Reason: Wrapper class methods like valueOf() offer a way to instantiate wrapper objects from primitive values,
providing additional functionalities and compatibility with object-oriented programming paradigms.

3. Assertion: The toString() method of the Double wrapper class is used to convert a double value into its string
representation.
Reason: Wrapper class methods in Java, including toString(), allow for the conversion of primitive data types to
strings, facilitating output formatting and string manipulation.

4. Assertion: The compareTo() method of the Character wrapper class is used to compare two Character objects
lexicographically.
Reason: Wrapper class methods like compareTo() provide a means to compare wrapper objects based on their
natural ordering, enhancing sorting and searching operations in Java programs.

5. Assertion: The intValue() method of the Long wrapper class is used to retrieve the primitive long value stored
within the Long object.
Reason: Wrapper class methods, such as intValue(), enable the extraction of primitive values from wrapper
objects, allowing for seamless interoperability between primitive types and their corresponding wrapper classes.

6. Assertion: The equals() method of the Float wrapper class is used to compare two Float objects for equality,
considering their numerical values.
Reason: Wrapper class methods like equals() facilitate the comparison of wrapper objects based on their
underlying values, providing a standardized approach to object equality checks.

7. Assertion: The parseDouble() method of the Double wrapper class is used to convert a string representation of a
floating-point number into its corresponding primitive double type.
Reason: Wrapper class methods, such as parseDouble(), extend the functionality of primitive data types by
offering parsing capabilities for string representations, enhancing data processing tasks in Java programs.

8. Assertion: The MAX_VALUE constant of the Integer wrapper class represents the maximum value that can be
assigned to an int variable in Java.
Reason: Wrapper class constants like MAX_VALUE provide predefined values for the maximum and minimum
limits of primitive data types, aiding in range validation and boundary checks in Java programs.
******** Here are some assertion-reason questions on autoboxing and unboxing features in the Java
programming language suitable for ICSE class 10th standard:

1. Assertion: Autoboxing in Java allows automatic conversion of primitive data types to their corresponding
wrapper classes.
Reason: Autoboxing simplifies code by eliminating the need for manual conversion between primitive types and
their wrapper classes, improving code readability and conciseness.

2. Assertion: Unboxing in Java allows automatic conversion of wrapper class objects to their corresponding
primitive data types.
Reason: Unboxing enhances code clarity and efficiency by seamlessly converting wrapper class objects to
primitive types when necessary, without explicit casting or method invocation.

3. Assertion: Autoboxing and unboxing in Java are features introduced to facilitate interoperability between
primitive types and their corresponding wrapper classes.
Reason: Autoboxing and unboxing simplify code maintenance and development by providing transparent
conversion mechanisms between primitive types and their wrapper classes, enabling seamless integration of both
types in Java programs.

4. Assertion: Autoboxing in Java can lead to NullPointerException if the primitive type being autoboxed is null.
Reason: Autoboxing involves the creation of wrapper objects to represent primitive values, and if the primitive
value is null, attempting autoboxing may result in a NullPointerException.

5. Assertion: Unboxing in Java may lead to NullPointerException if the wrapper object being unboxed is null.
Reason: Unboxing involves extracting the primitive value from a wrapper object, and if the wrapper object is null,
attempting unboxing may result in a NullPointerException.

6. Assertion: Autoboxing and unboxing in Java are primarily used to simplify collections handling, allowing the use
of primitive types in collections that require objects.
Reason: Autoboxing and unboxing enable the use of primitive types in collections such as ArrayList and
HashMap without the need for manually converting them to wrapper objects or vice versa.

7. Assertion: Autoboxing and unboxing in Java are compile-time features that are automatically applied by the Java
compiler.
Reason: Autoboxing and unboxing are transparent operations performed by the Java compiler, allowing
developers to write code using primitive types and wrapper classes interchangeably without explicit conversions.

8. Assertion: Autoboxing and unboxing in Java may impact performance in situations where frequent conversions
between primitive types and wrapper classes occur.
Reason: Autoboxing and unboxing involve the creation and destruction of wrapper objects, which can introduce
overhead in performance-sensitive code, such as in tight loops or high-throughput applications.

******** Here are some assertion-reason questions on output statements in the Java programming language
suitable for ICSE class 10th standard:

1. Assertion: The [Link]() method in Java is used to display output to the console with a newline
character appended at the end.
 Reason: Output statements in Java, such as [Link](), allow programs to print messages and data to the
standard output stream, typically the console, for user interaction and debugging purposes.

2. Assertion: Java output statements can display the values of variables by concatenating them with string literals
using the "+" operator.
Reason: Output statements in Java support string concatenation, allowing the inclusion of variable values within
output messages for display to the user.

3. Assertion: The [Link]() method in Java is used to display output to the console without appending a
newline character.
Reason: Output statements like [Link]() provide flexibility in formatting output by allowing multiple
messages to be printed on the same line without automatically moving to the next line.

4. Assertion: Java output statements can format numeric values using printf() method, specifying formatting
placeholders and corresponding arguments.
Reason: Output statements in Java, such as printf(), offer advanced formatting options for numeric values,
including controlling precision, width, and alignment in the output.

5. Assertion: The [Link]() method in Java is equivalent to the printf() method, providing similar
functionality for formatted output.
Reason: Output statements like [Link]() and printf() allow for formatted output in Java, enabling
developers to customize the appearance of output messages based on specific formatting patterns.

6. Assertion: The println() method in Java automatically adds a newline character at the end of each output message.
Reason: Output statements in Java using println() are convenient for displaying messages on separate lines,
improving readability and clarity in the console output.

7. Assertion: Java output statements can display special characters such as newline (\n), tab (\t), and backspace (\b)
using escape sequences within string literals.
Reason: Output statements in Java support the inclusion of special characters and escape sequences within strings,
enabling the creation of formatted and visually appealing output messages.

8. Assertion: The [Link]() method in Java is used to flush the output buffer, ensuring that all pending
output is written to the console immediately.
Reason: Output statements in Java may buffer output internally for performance reasons, and flush() method
ensures that all buffered data is written to the output stream immediately, without delay.

***** Here are some assertion-reason questions on Math class methods in Java programming language suitable
for ICSE class 10th standard:

1. Assertion: The [Link]() method in Java is used to calculate the absolute value of a number.
Reason: Math class methods like abs() return the absolute value of a given number, which is its magnitude without
regard to its sign, making it useful for distance calculations and error handling.

2. Assertion: The [Link]() method in Java is used to calculate the square root of a number.
Reason: Math class methods such as sqrt() compute the square root of a given number, enabling mathematical
operations involving roots and geometric calculations.
3. Assertion: Java Math class methods such as pow() are used to calculate the power of a number raised to a
specified exponent.
Reason: Math class methods like pow() provide functionality for exponentiation, allowing computations involving
powers and exponentiation in mathematical expressions.

4. Assertion: The [Link]() method in Java returns the greater of two specified numbers.
Reason: Math class methods such as max() facilitate comparison and selection of the maximum value between
two numeric values, aiding in decision-making and value selection tasks.

5. Assertion: The [Link]() method in Java returns the smaller of two specified numbers.
Reason: Math class methods like min() offer a convenient way to determine the minimum value between two
numeric values, assisting in tasks such as finding the minimum of a set of numbers or selecting the smaller value.

6. Assertion: Java Math class methods like ceil() and floor() are used to round floating-point numbers to the nearest
integer value, towards positive infinity and negative infinity respectively.
Reason: Math class methods such as ceil() and floor() provide rounding functionalities for floating-point numbers,
enabling precise control over rounding behavior in mathematical calculations and conversions.

7. Assertion: The [Link]() method in Java generates a pseudorandom double value between 0.0 (inclusive)
and 1.0 (exclusive).
Reason: Math class methods like random() facilitate the generation of random numbers within a specified range,
serving various applications such as simulations, games, and statistical analysis.

8. Assertion: Java Math class methods such as sin(), cos(), and tan() are used to calculate the trigonometric sine,
cosine, and tangent of an angle specified in radians.
Reason: Math class methods like sin(), cos(), and tan() provide trigonometric functionalities for calculating sine,
cosine, and tangent values, supporting mathematical operations involving angles and geometric calculations.