UCSP 3rd Quarter Reviewer
This reviewer is based on your given questions and answer keys, corrected using UCSP modules and
standard Social Science concepts. Each topic includes meaning, explanation, characteristics, and
examples to help you understand and review properly.
I. SOCIAL SCIENCES AND ITS BRANCHES
1. Political Science
Meaning:
Political Science (also called politology) is a social science that studies government systems, political
behavior, political activities, constitutions, laws, and political ideas.
What it studies: - Forms of government (democracy, monarchy, dictatorship) - Political institutions
(executive, legislative, judiciary) - Political participation (voting, protests, elections) - Power, authority, and
governance
Why it is important:
It helps us understand how governments work and how citizens participate in politics.
Example:
Studying Philippine elections and voter behavior.
2. Anthropology
Meaning:
Anthropology is the study of what makes us human. It focuses on human origins, culture, traditions,
beliefs, and physical development.
Founder:
Franz Boas (Father of Modern Anthropology)
Branches: - Cultural Anthropology – studies culture and traditions - Physical Anthropology – studies human
evolution - Archaeology – studies ancient societies through artifacts
Example:
Studying the traditions of indigenous groups in Mindanao.
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3. Sociology
Meaning:
Sociology is the systematic study of human behavior within society. It looks for patterns, recurring
behaviors, and social relationships.
Focus: - Family - Education - Religion - Social interaction - Social institutions
Example:
Studying how social media affects teenagers’ behavior.
4. Social Science
Meaning:
Social Science is a broad field that studies society, social relationships, and human behavior. Sociology,
Anthropology, Political Science, Economics, and History belong to this field.
II. CULTURE AND SOCIETY
1. Culture
Meaning:
Culture refers to the way of life of people in a society. It includes beliefs, customs, traditions, language,
values, and practices.
Edward B. Tylor’s Definition:
Culture is a complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and any other
capabilities acquired by humans as members of society.
Complex Whole means:
- Interrelated - Connected - Not simple
Examples of Culture: - Festivals (Sinulog, Bangus Festival) - Language - Beliefs and traditions - Clothing
styles
Not culture:
- Emotions alone - Biological traits
2. Society
Meaning:
Society is an organized group of people who share a common culture and way of life.
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Important idea:
Society cannot exist without culture, and culture cannot exist without society.
III. CULTURAL RELATIVISM AND ETHNOCENTRISM
Cultural Relativism
Meaning:
Cultural relativism means understanding a culture based on its own values, not judging it using your
own standards.
Key idea:
"Different does not mean wrong."
Example:
Understanding why some indigenous groups have different marriage customs.
Ethnocentrism
Meaning:
Ethnocentrism is judging another culture using your own culture’s standards.
Example:
Thinking your traditions are better than others.
IV. CHARACTERISTICS / ASPECTS OF CULTURE
1. Culture is Learned
• Culture is not inherited biologically
• Learned through observation, imitation, and interaction
Example:
Learning traditional dances from elders
2. Culture is Shared
• Culture belongs to a group, not just one person
Example:
Shared language and customs
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3. Culture is Transmitted
• Passed from one generation to another
• Main vehicle: Language and Imitation
Example:
Parents teaching children religious practices
4. Culture is Social
• Developed through social interaction
• No culture without society
5. Culture is Continuous
• Culture changes but continues over time
Example:
From jukebox → karaoke → videoke
6. Culture is Varied
• Different societies have different cultures
Example:
Family orientation in the Philippines vs. independence in the US
7. Culture is Symbolic
• Uses symbols to represent meaning
Example:
Festivals representing beliefs and values
V. TRANSMISSION OF CULTURE
Main ways: - Language - Imitation - Education - Family
Main vehicle:
Language
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VI. HUMAN CULTURAL EVOLUTION
1. Paleolithic Period
• Hunting and gathering
• Discovery of fire
• Nomadic lifestyle
2. Neolithic Period (First Agricultural Revolution)
• Domestication of plants and animals
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Formation of villages
3. Age of Metal
• Use of metals (Copper → Bronze → Iron)
• Advanced tools and weapons
Correct Timeline:
Paleolithic → Neolithic → Age of Metal
VII. HUMAN EVOLUTION
Homo habilis
• Skilled in using tools
• Hunting and butchering animals
Homo erectus
• Used fire
• Improved tools
Homo sapiens
• Modern humans
• Symbolic thinking
• Lived outside Africa
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VIII. EARLY CIVILIZATIONS
World’s first civilization:
Mesopotamia
IX. GOVERNMENT
Democracy
Meaning:
A form of government where citizens have the power to vote and participate in decision-making.
Example:
Philippine government
FINAL NOTE
This reviewer follows UCSP concepts, correct definitions, and your answer key, with explanations to help
you understand and memorize effectively.
If you want: - ✨ shorter version - ✨ exam-focused reviewer - ✨ Q&A format - ✨ diagrams or tables
Just tell me 💙
