HTML5 & CSS3
A Practical Guide
HTML5 is more than HTML5
HTML5 Spec CSS3 Spec Web Fonts JavaScript to tie it all together
Whats New in HTML5 Spec?
Simplified and Loose Syntax New Elements and Attributes Embedded Media Canvas Offline Storage Drag and Drop Geo-Location
Whats New in CSS3 Spec?
New Selector Decorations New Column Layout Transformation (Rotate, Resizeetc) Animation (Fade In/Fade Out)
HTML5
IN THE REAL WORLD
Why Use HTML5 Today?
Pros
Better semantics Lean code Improved user experience
Cons
Some work is needed to accommodate older browsers
Approaches
Modernizr Numerous polyfills
Modernizr
A minimal JavaScript solution (5k) that detects a browsers features
html5shiv
Turns HTML5 structural elements into HTML4 elements for older browsers <header> becomes <div id=header>
Using <video> today
Pros
Greater compatibility Better performance
Cons
More complex preparation Can be tricky when embedding hosted videos (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.)
Video tag markup
Video for Everybody code by Kroc Camen
<video width="480" height="270" controls> <source src="mafSept10Welcome.mp4" type="video/mp4" /> <source src="mafSept10Welcome.ogv" type="video/ogg" /> <object width="480" height="289" type="application/xshockwave-flash" data="player.swf?&file=mafSept10Welcome.flv> <param name="movie" value="player.swf?&file=mafSept10Welcome.flv&" /> </object> </video>
VideoJS
Builds on VFE
Uses JavaScript for a more consistent experience Falls back gracefully if JavaScript is disabled
FREE!
See http://videojs.com for details and downloads.
CSS3
IN THE REAL WORLD
Why Use CSS3 Today?
Pro
Smaller download Less JavaScript Better user experience
Cons
Some work is needed to accommodate older browsers
Various Approaches
CSS3 + IE Filters PIE Selectivzr Modernizr eCSStender
CSS3 + IE Filters
Pure CSS solution with forks
background: #1E5799; /* old browsers */ background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #1E5799 0%, #2989D8 50%, #207cca 51%, #7db9e8 100%); /* firefox */ background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#1E5799), color-stop(50%,#2989D8), colorstop(51%,#207cca), color-stop(100%,#7db9e8)); /* webkit */ filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#1E5799', endColorstr='#7db9e8',GradientType=0 ); /* ie */
At a Glance
Selector
CSS3 + IE Filter No
Decoration
Yes
File Size
?
Notes
PIE
A JavaScript solution that uses IE specific behavior that is applied via HTML Components (HTC). Limited feature support:
border-radius box-shadow linear-gradient
HTC file is 11kb.
At a Glance
Selector
CSS3 + IE Filter PIE No No
Decoration
Yes Limited
File Size
? 11K
Notes
IE Only
Selectivizr
A JavaScript solution that emulates CSS3 pseudo-class and attribute selectors in IE 6-8
At a Glance
Selector
CSS3 + IE Filter PIE Selectivzr No No Yes
Decoration
Yes Limited No
File Size
? 11K 4K
Notes
IE Only IE Only
Modernizr
A JavaScript solution that detects user browsers features
At a Glance
Selector
CSS3 + IE Filter PIE Selectivzr No No Yes
Decoration
Yes Limited No
File Size
N/A 11K 4K
Notes
IE Only IE Only
Modernizr
No
No
5K
eCSStender
A JavaScript solution that dynamically writes CSS to support older browsers. Core is (20k), Extensions are additional (tiny)files to download. Only download the extensions that you want.
At a Glance
Selector
CSS3 + IE Filter PIE Selectivzr No No Yes
Decoration
Yes Limited No
File Size
N/A 11K 4K
Notes
Pure CSS IE Only IE Only
Modernizr
eCSStender
No
Yes
No
Limited
5K
20K+
Which Approach To Take?
Depends
How much CSS3 are you leveraging Download size and performance Whos your client No JS support and fall back strategies
Test, Test, Test!
@font-face
IN THE REAL WORLD
Web fonts
Allows a page to use fonts not installed on a users computer @font-face first specd in CSS2 Resistance from font designers made it unworkable Designers and services now working together to make fonts available
When to use web fonts
Great for headlines, pull quotes, etc., especially when limiting font styles to limit file size Be careful with body copy. Not all fonts are readable at body copy size Keep in mind that different browsers will render differently, so avoid line-breaks and accommodate re-flow of text
Using web fonts
Pros
Fewer images = lighter pages More creative typography Easier to maintain pages
Cons
Added page size More creative typography Rendering differences make testing a must
Hosted solutions
Typekit, Monotype, etc. Low set up difficulty Excellent compatibility: IE4+, Firefox 3.5+, Safari 3.1+, Opera 10+, Chrome 4+ Great selection, no licensing issues Javascript file required, dependence on 3rd party Recurring payments required upper tiers
Serving locally
Good selection from Font Squirrel, League of Moveable Type, etc. Moderate set up difficulty Excellent compatibility: IE4+, Firefox 3.5+, Safari 3.1+, Opera 10+, Chrome 4+, iOS No JavaScript required Using your own desktop fonts probably violates the license
How to use @font-face
Hosted services require a script tag and configuration via their website Local code (generated by Font Squirrel):
@font-face { font-family: 'LeagueGothicReg'; src: url('League_Gothic-webfont.eot'); src: local(''), url('League_Gothic-webfont.woff') format('woff'), url('League_Gothic-webfont.ttf') format('truetype'), url('League_Gothic-webfont.svg#webfontOTINA1xY') format('svg'); font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; }
Take Away
Dont be afraid to provide the HTML5 experience today
HTML5 CSS3 Web fonts JS
