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AVL Trees: Concepts and Algorithms

The document discusses AVL trees, which are self-balancing binary search trees. It begins by explaining that while binary search trees provide fast lookup, they can become unbalanced over time. The document then describes how AVL trees were developed to guarantee a balance by restricting the height difference between left and right subtrees to 0 or 1. It provides details on calculating the balance factor and the four types of rotations performed to rebalance the tree after operations. The document concludes by covering algorithms for inserting and deleting nodes from an AVL tree while maintaining the balancing properties.

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Narendra Chindanur
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629 views25 pages

AVL Trees: Concepts and Algorithms

The document discusses AVL trees, which are self-balancing binary search trees. It begins by explaining that while binary search trees provide fast lookup, they can become unbalanced over time. The document then describes how AVL trees were developed to guarantee a balance by restricting the height difference between left and right subtrees to 0 or 1. It provides details on calculating the balance factor and the four types of rotations performed to rebalance the tree after operations. The document concludes by covering algorithms for inserting and deleting nodes from an AVL tree while maintaining the balancing properties.

Uploaded by

Narendra Chindanur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • AVL Search Trees Objectives
  • AVL Tree Basic Concepts
  • AVL Tree Balance Factor
  • Balancing Trees
  • AVL Tree Implementations

AVL Search Trees

Objectives
Upon completion you will be able to:
Explain the differences between a BST and an AVL tree
Insert, delete, and process nodes in an AVL tree
Understand the operation of the AVL tree ADT

Data Structures: A Pseudocode Approach with C, S

AVL Tree Basic Concepts


While BST is simple and easy to understand, it has one major
problem which is not balanced.
In 1968, two Russian mathematicians, G.M. Adelson-Velskii and
E.M. Landis, created the balanced binary tree structure that is
AVL tree.
An AVL tree is a BST that is guaranteed to always be balanced.
An AVL tree is a binary tree that either is
1. empty or
2. consists of two AVL subtrees, TL and TR , whose heights
differ by no more than 1
| HL HR | 1
Data Structures: A Pseudocode Approach with C, S

Data Structures: A Pseudocode Approach with C, S

8-1 AVL Tree Basic Concepts


AVL Tree Balance Factor
Balancing Trees

Data Structures: A Pseudocode Approach with C, S

AVL Tree Balance Factor

The balance factor = HL HR


The balance factor for any node in AVL tree must be +1, 0, -1
The descriptive identifiers are as follows:

LH for left high (+1) indicates the left subtree is higher than the right
subtree.
EH for even high (0) indicates the subtrees are the same height.
RH for right high (-1) indicates the left subtree is shorter than the right
subtree.

Data Structures: A Pseudocode Approach with C, S

Data Structures: A Pseudocode Approach with C, S

Balancing Trees

AVL trees are balanced by rotating nodes either to the left or to


the right
Four cases that require rebalancing. All unbalanced trees fall
into one of these four cases:
1. Left of left: A subtree of a tree that is left high has also
become left high.
2. Right of right: A subtree of a tree that is right high has also
become right high.
3. Right of left: A subtree of a tree that is left high become
right high.
4. Left of right: A subtree of a tree that is right high become
left high.

Data Structures: A Pseudocode Approach with C, S

Data Structures: A Pseudocode Approach with C, S

(continued)

Data Structures: A Pseudocode Approach with C, S

Case 1:
Left of Left

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Case 2:
Right of Right

Data Structures: A Pseudocode Approach with C, S

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Case 3:
Right of Left

Data Structures: A Pseudocode Approach with C, S

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Case 4:
Left of Right

Data Structures: A Pseudocode Approach with C, S

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AVL Tree Implementations


Insertion and deletion in an AVL tree follow the same basic rules
for insertion and deletion in a BST. The difference lies in the tree
balancing, which occurs as we back out of the tree. In this
section we develop the insertion and deletion algorithms for a
AVL tree, including algorithms to balance the tree.

Insert into AVL Tree


AVL Tree Delete Algorithm

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