Scribd
Upload
498 views18 pages

Language: "It Is System of Conventional Signals Used For Communication by A Whole Community"

This document discusses language and linguistics. It defines language as a system of conventional signals used for communication within a community. It notes that languages are typically spoken first before being written, and then their grammar is studied. It outlines several key characteristics of human language, including that it is automatized, arbitrary, creative, culturally transmitted, conventional, open, discrete, hierarchical, learnable, and has a dual patterning. The document also defines linguistics as the scientific study of natural languages and outlines some of its subfields and branches.

Uploaded by

daniela_farre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • functional phonology,
  • phonology,
  • language organization,
  • sociolinguistics,
  • language transmission,
  • sound patterns,
  • conventional language,
  • language systems,
  • learnable language,
  • auditory phonetics
498 views18 pages

Language: "It Is System of Conventional Signals Used For Communication by A Whole Community"

This document discusses language and linguistics. It defines language as a system of conventional signals used for communication within a community. It notes that languages are typically spoken first before being written, and then their grammar is studied. It outlines several key characteristics of human language, including that it is automatized, arbitrary, creative, culturally transmitted, conventional, open, discrete, hierarchical, learnable, and has a dual patterning. The document also defines linguistics as the scientific study of natural languages and outlines some of its subfields and branches.

Uploaded by

daniela_farre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • functional phonology,
  • phonology,
  • language organization,
  • sociolinguistics,
  • language transmission,
  • sound patterns,
  • conventional language,
  • language systems,
  • learnable language,
  • auditory phonetics

LANGUAGE

It is system of conventional
signals used for communication
by a whole community

(Gimson, A.C. An Introduction to the


Pronunciation of English)
Human Language = Natural Language

A common
progression for
natural languages is
that they are
considered to be first
spoken and then
written, and then an
understanding and
explanation of their
grammar is
attempted.
CHARACTERISTICS

AUTOMATISED

ARBITRARY

CREATIVE

CULTURALLY
TRANSMITTED

CONVENTIONAL

OPEN

DISCRETE

HIERARCHICAL

LEARNABLE

DUAL IN ITS PATTERNING


automatized it refers to behavior that is
"overlearned" to the point not only of being
performed rapidly and unconsciously, but
of being incapable of being interrupted or
modified by conscious effort.

arbitrary it refers to the fact that the


sounds of words typically have no
relationship to their meanings.
creative it refers to the capacity of language
users to produce and understand an indefinitely
large number of sentences, most of which they
have not heard or used before; this property is
also known as productivity.

culturally transmitted human genes transmit


the capacity to acquire language, but the
detailed conventions of a particular language
are transmitted by teaching and learning.
conventional it refers to the fact that
aspects of language are regulated by
social norms.

open it is able to accept new members


indefinitely or without limit.
discrete it refers to the properties of
language that continuous changes in the
acoustic signal do not result in continuous
changes in perceived speech sounds but
in perceptually distinct sounds.
hierarchical it is organized in multiple
levels such that each level bears some
principled relationship to the ones above
and below.
learnable it refers to the property that a
learner can generate rules, a grammar for
that language.

dual in its patterning a small stock of


meaningless sounds can be combined in
numerous permutations to make up a very
large number of meaningful units (words).
LINGUISTICS

Linguistics is the scientific


study of natural languages
THE LINGUISTIC SCIENCES

LINGUISTIC SCIENCES

PHONETICS LINGUISTICS
LINGUISTICS

PHONETICS AND SEMANTICS AND


GRAMMAR
PHONOLOGY PRAGMATICS

SYNTAX MORPHOLOGY
OTHER SUB-FIELDS OF LINGUISTICS

Psycholinguisics Neurolinguistics
Discourse Analysis Language Acquisition
Applied Linguistics Computational
Developmental Linguistics
Linguistics Historical Linguistics
Sociolinguistics Evolutionary
Stylistics Linguistics
Language Geography
PHONETICS
/f'netks/

It is the study of phonic substance and its


function in spoken language. (Finch and Ortiz Lira)

It is the study of human speech sounds .


CHARACTERISTICS

PHONETICS

GENERAL DESCRIPTIVE

ANALYTICAL CLASSIFICATORY
BRANCHES OF PHONETICS

PHONETICS

ARTICULATORY AUDITORY ACOUSTIC


/: 'tkjltr / / ':dtr / / ' ku:stk /
PHONOLOGY
/ f'nld /
It studies the selection and organization of
phonic substance into a given form or
pattern. (Finch and Ortiz Lira)

Phonology is the study of how sounds are


organized and used in natural languages.
CHARACTERISTICS

PHONOLOGY

PARTICULAR FUNCTIONAL
COMPARISON BETWEEN
PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

PHONETICS PHONOLOGY
It is the basis for It is the basis for further
phonological analysis work in morphology,
It analyzes the production syntax, discourse, and
of all human speech orthography design.
sounds, regardless of It analyzes the sound
language. patterns of a particular
It deals with the language by
measurement, determining which
phonetic sounds are
observation and
significant, and
description of sounds
explaining how these
sounds are interpreted by
the native speaker

You might also like