COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER

CONTENTS
1. Monitors
2. Motherboard
3. CPU
4. RAM Memory
5. Expansion card
6. Power Supply
7. CD-ROM Drive
8. Hard Disk
9. Keyboard
10. Mouse
11. Data and Power Cables
Monitors
 Basically monitors are of two types :

CRT(Cathode Ray Tube)

LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)

Monitors..
CRT(Cathode Ray Tube)
Monitors(CRT)..
• These were the most popular display
device for older computers.
• Very high contrast ratio. 20,000:1 or
greater, much higher than many
modern LCDs and plasma displays.
• High speed response.
• Excellent additive color, wide gamut
and low black level.
• Can display natively in almost any
resolution and refresh rate.
• Near zero color, saturation, contrast or
brightness distortion.
• Excellent viewing angle.
• A reliable, proven display technology.
Advantages
• Large size and weight (a 40" unit
weighs over 200lbs).
• Geometric distortion in non-flat
CRTs.
• Older CRTs are prone to burn-in.
• Warm up time required prior to
peak luminance and proper color
rendering.
• Greater power consumption than
similarly sized displays, such as
LCD.
Disadvantages
Monitors..
LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)
Monitors(LCD)..
• Very compact and light.
• Low power consumption.
• No geometric distortion.
• Little or no flicker depending on back light.
Advantages
• Low contrast ratio.
• Limited viewing angle, causing color,
saturation, contrast and brightness to vary,
even within the intended viewing angle, by
mere variations in posture.
• Uneven back lighting in some monitors,
causing brightness distortion, especially
toward the edges.
• Slow response times, which cause
smearing and ghosting artifacts (although
many modern LCDs have response times
of 8ms or less).
• Only one native resolution. Displaying
other resolutions requires a video scaler,
which degrades image quality at lower
resolutions.
• Fixed bit depth, many cheaper LCDs are
incapable of truecolor..
• More expensive than CRT.
Disadvantages
Motherboard
Heart Of the Computer.
Motherboard
The motherboard is the “heart“ of the computer.

 Components directly attached to the motherboard include:

• The central processing unit (CPU) performs most of the calculations which
enable a computer to function, and is sometimes referred to as the “brain" of the
computer. It is usually cooled by a heat sink and fan.

• The chipset mediates communication between the CPU and the other
components of the system, including main memory.

• RAM Stores all running processes (applications) and the current running OS.
RAM Stands for Random Access Memory

• The BIOS includes boot firmware and power management. The Basic Input
Output System tasks are handled by operating system drivers.

• Internal Buses connect the CPU to various internal components and to

expansion cards for graphics and sound.
CPU
Central Processing Unit
CPU
Central Processing Unit
CPU is called as “brain” of the computer

• A central processing unit (CPU) or processor is an electronic circuit

that can execute computer programs.
• Abbreviation for central processing unit, and pronounced as separate
letters.
• The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply
as the central processor,but more commonly called processor.
• The CPU is where most calculations take place. In terms of computing
power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system.
 Two typical components of a CPU are the following:
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical
operations.
• The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes
and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.
RAM Memory
Random Access Memory
RAM
Random Access Memory

• RAM is a kind of computer memory that temporarily stores information,

improving your systems performance. Or in other words RAM simply
holds data for the processor.
• There are mainly four types of RAM; SD, DDR, DDR2 and DDR3.
• They differ in the way they operate and mainly in their operation
speeds.
• Now a days available in 1 through 4GB RAMs.
Click icon to add
Click icon to add
picture
picture Expansion
Cards
Adapter or Accessory Card
Expansion Cards
expansion board, adapter card or accessory card

• An expansion card in computer is a printed circuit board that can be

inserted into an expansion slot of a computer motherboard to add
additional functionality to a computer system.
• Also known as an add-on card, internal card or interface adapter,
an expansion card is an electronic board or card added in a desktop
computer or other non-portable computer to give that computer a
new ability, such as the ability to connect to another computer using a
network cable. Below is a list of expansion cards that could be
installed in a an available expansion slot.
Some of the cards are:
• Video cards
• Sound cards
• Network cards
• TV tuner cards
Expansion Cards

Sound Card Video Card

Expansion Cards

Network Card TV tuner Card

Power Supply
Power Supply
SMPS
(Switched Mode Power Supply)
• SMPS stands for switch mode power supply. In such a device
power handling electronic components are continuously switching on
and off with high frequency in order to provide the transfer of electric
power via energy storage components (inductors and capacitors).
• SMPS converts raw input power to controlled voltage and current for
the operation of various components of the computer.
• The primary function of SMPS is to convert the alternating current
(AC) power available in homes into direct current (DC) required for a
computer system.
• The power supply converts 115-230 volt AC into DC that is required
for computer components to work.
• The frequency range of an SMPS varies from 20 kHz to several MHz
CD ROM
Compact Disk Read Only Memory
CD ROM
Compact Disk Read Only Memory

• Pronounced see-dee-rom. Short for Compact Disc-Read-Only Memory, a type of

optical disk capable of storing large amounts of data -- up to 1GB, although the
most common size is 650MB (megabytes). A single CD-ROM has the storage
capacity of 700 floppy disks, enough memory to store about 300,000 text pages.

• CD-ROMs are stamped by the vendor, and once stamped, they cannot be erased
and filled with new data. To read a CD, you need a CD-ROM player.

OTHER CD TECHNOLOGIES:
• CD-R - (CD Recordable)
• CD-RW - (CD ReWritable)
• DVD - (Digital Versatile Disc)
Hard Disk Drive
Non Volatile Storage Device
Hard Disk Drive
Non Volatile Storage Device

• A hard disk drive(often shortened as

"hard disk", "hard drive", or "HDD"), is a
non-volatile storage device which stores
digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating
platters with magnetic surfaces.
• A typical "desktop HDD" might store
between 120 GB and 2 TB although
rarely above 500GB of data.
Keyboard
Input Device
Keyboard
Input Device

• The keyboard is the main input peripheral used by all computers. The keyboard
allows for user input and action with the computer.

• Much like many type writers, the keyboard has all the letters of the alphabet,
numbers 0 - 9 and additional special operational keys with around 101-105 keys.

• Now a days the multimedia keyboards are more popular than the regular one.

• Flexible keyboards are also available.

Mouse
Pointing device
Mouse
Pointing Device

• A mouse is a pointing device that functions by detecting

two-dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface.

• Computer-users usually utilize a mouse to control the motion of a cursor

in two dimensions in a graphical user interface.

Types Of Mouse:
• Trackball mouse
• Optical mouse
• Optical wireless mouse
Mouse

Trackball Mouse Optical Mouse

Mouse

Wireless Mouse Internal structure of

trackball mouse
Data & Power
Cables
Data & Power Cables

SATA Data Cable SATA Power Cable

Most of the times it transmits data Used for power supply from
from hard disk drive or CD ROM or motherboard and other peripheral
FDD. devices.