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Evolution of International Business Insights

This document discusses the evolution and concepts of international business. It covers topics such as the emergence of international institutions after World War 2, different stages of international business, drivers of international business including foreign direct investment and information technology, and special issues companies face in international business like modes of entry and cultural differences. The document also provides an overview of the World Trade Organization (WTO) including its establishment, objectives of promoting trade without discrimination, and India's involvement in the WTO.

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66 views21 pages

Evolution of International Business Insights

This document discusses the evolution and concepts of international business. It covers topics such as the emergence of international institutions after World War 2, different stages of international business, drivers of international business including foreign direct investment and information technology, and special issues companies face in international business like modes of entry and cultural differences. The document also provides an overview of the World Trade Organization (WTO) including its establishment, objectives of promoting trade without discrimination, and India's involvement in the WTO.

Uploaded by

ishavohra
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

INTERNATIONAL

BUSINESS:

Paper Code : 2208

Faculty: S. B. Dubey

Institute of Management & Technology


Faridabad
Evolution of International Business
 Why International Business?
 International Business Before World War-I
 International Business Between World Wars
 International Business After World Wars
 Emergence of International Institutions: like IMF,
IBRD, GATT and WTO
Different Concepts
 International Trade
 International Marketing
 International Manufacturing
 International Business
 International Trade vs. Marketing
 International Marketing vs. Business
Drivers of International
Business
 Establishment of International Institutions like
IMF, IBRD, IDA, IFC, and WTO
 Emergence of Trade blocks like European
Union, NAFTA, ASEAN and SAARC
 Foreign Direct Investment
 International manufacturing Centers
 Strides in Information Technology
 Liberalization of Economies
Stages of International
Business
 Domestic Company
 International Company
 Multinational Company
 Global Company
 Transnational Company
Special Issues of International
Business

 Modes of International Business


 Goals of International Business
 Advantages of International Business
 Problems of International Business
 Strategies of International Business
World Trade Organization-
Introduction
 The Emergence of General Agreement on
Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
 Objectives of GATT
 Uruguay Round and Dunkel Proposals
 World Trade Organisation (WTO) was
established in 1995 to implement the final act
of Uruguay Round agreement of GATT
 GATT Vs. WTO
WTO and WORLD TRADE WITHOUT
DISCRIMINATION

 Promotes trade without any discrimination


 MFN Clause: Member countries should give
equal treatment to the products imported from
any other member countries
 National Treatment Clause: Member country
should treat the foreign products once they
enter their country exactly equal to those of
similar domestic products
URUGUAY ROUND PACKAGE

 To reduce the subsidy on Inputs and eliminate


administered pricing in agricultural sector.
 WTO members abolished quotas on trade in
textiles and clothing on 1 January 2005.
 Challenges and Strategies to Compete
 Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights
 Patents Regime Kicks In
 NO Foreign Capital Discrimination
 Trade in Services
Ministerial Meetings of WTO
 First meeting: Held on 9th December1996 at
Singapore
 Second meeting :Held during 18-20, May 1998
at Geneva
 Third meeting: Held on December 3, 1999 at
Seattle
 Fourth meeting: Held at Doha, Qatar during 9-
13, November 2001.
 Fifth meeting: Held during 10-14, September
2003 at Cancun, Mexico.
 Sixth Meeting: Held in Hong Kong, China from
13-18 December 2005.
WTO and India

 Founder Member
 Benefits in India
 Impact of Abolition of Textile Quota
System
 Adoption of Product Patent
 Disadvantages
 India and Dumping
International Marketing
 International Marketing: Extension
of marketing activities across the
globe
 Standardization Vs. Customization
 Options in Trade Off in
International Marketing:
Ethnocentric Approach, Polycentric
Approach, Geocentric Approach
International Marketing
Mix
 Product
 Price
 Place
 Promotion
International Marketing
Information System
 Automated System
 System Design
 IMIS Subsystems
 Marketing Information System
 Marketing Research: Research Design, Data Collection,
Tabulation, Statistical tools, Data Analysis, Report
writing, Report presentation-Use of Research findings
Instruments of Trade Control
 Trade controls that directly affect price and
indirectly affect quantity include:
– tariffs
– subsidies
– customs-valuation methods
– special fees
18
Nontariff Barriers: Quantity Controls
 Trade controls that directly affect quantity and
indirectly affect price include:
– quotas
– voluntary export restraint  (VERs)
– “buy local” legislation
– standards and labels
– licensing arrangements
– specific permission requirements
– administrative delays
– reciprocal requirements
– restrictions on services
Dealing With Governmental Trade
Influences
 When facing import competition,
companies can:
– Move abroad
– Seek other market niches
– Make domestic output competitive
– Try to get protection
Recent Global Trend in International Trade
and Finance

• Free Trade Promotes World Trade


• The Economic Interdependence among Countries
makes Countries Engage Less in Conflicts
• Uneven Distribution of Resources makes Trade
Inevitable
• Word Trade Encourages Efficient use of Global
Resources
• Global Competition Forces Companies to become
more Efficient and Innovative
• World Trade has Created Awareness
• Export Create jobs

21

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