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STATISTICS
An experiment of exactly "n" trials. In the application presented here, "n" will
represent the number of components tested to failure.
Each trial results in one of two possible outcomes; in this case, "fail-safe" or
"fail-unsafe".
The probability of the event of interest remains constant from trial to trial.
All trials are mutually independent. This is a reasonable assumption for the
testing of "n" identical, separate components.
Poisson Distribution
Assuming that the headways cannot be measured with absolute precision, the
probability of obtaining exactly any particular value is zero.
There are only a few real-life processes that have this form of uncertainty.
This distribution and its properties are very useful in dealing with the
samples.
It can also be used for approximating the other types of the probability
distributions.
X^2 distribution
Chi-squared tests are the oldest and most common tests of fit.
Chi-square tests can be used for data which are discrete, multivariate,
grouped, or even censored.
Moreover, other general tests of fit have non-tabled distributions when data
are tested for fit to a parametric model, so that unknown parameters in the
model must be estimated from the data.
T distributions
N particular, n1 Bernoulli trials are carried out for the i part of a system built
up from k different parts.
2/ THE USE OF CONFIDENCE INTERVALS
WHEN INTERPRETING TEST SCORES
A person's obtained score on a test provides an estimate of an individual's
"true" score on that test.
For a given tissue, at each stem cell division there is a fixed probability p that
a new cell starts a process which eventually will yield a cancerous cell.
The use of large datasets to test two or more hypotheses (e.g., the 1% theory
of income distribution in the United States) relies on the classical statistical
inference framework of binary (or more generally M-ary) hypothesis testing.
Therefore, the point estimation method can be applied to the safety factor (SF)
equation for any specified rock slope failure mode (such as plane shear, step
path, or wedge) to obtain reliable estimates of the mean and standard deviation
of the SF probability distribution.