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Arterial Blood Gas Analysis Guide

The document discusses arterial blood gas analysis and acid-base balance. It provides the normal ranges for pH, pO2, pCO2, HCO3, and SaO2. It explains that precise balance of these values is necessary to maintain homeostasis and survival. Imbalances can result in changes that disable enzymatic and metabolic processes. The document defines and provides examples of metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis. It also distinguishes between compensated and uncompensated imbalances.

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Khalid Shafiq
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104 views20 pages

Arterial Blood Gas Analysis Guide

The document discusses arterial blood gas analysis and acid-base balance. It provides the normal ranges for pH, pO2, pCO2, HCO3, and SaO2. It explains that precise balance of these values is necessary to maintain homeostasis and survival. Imbalances can result in changes that disable enzymatic and metabolic processes. The document defines and provides examples of metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis. It also distinguishes between compensated and uncompensated imbalances.

Uploaded by

Khalid Shafiq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

By

SANDHYA KUMAR
Arterial blood gas analysis is an
essential part for daignosing
and managing the patients
OXGENATION status ,
VENTILATION status, ACID
BASE BALANCE.
PH = Measurement of acidity or alkalinity, based
on the hydrogen
NORMAL RANGE =7.35-7.45
Pao2= The partial pressure oxygen that is
dissloved in arterial plasma
NORMAL RANGE =80-100mm Hg
Paco2 = The amount of carbon dioxide dissolved
in arterial blood
NORMAL RANGE = 35-45 mm Hg
HCO3 = The calculated value of the serum
concentration of bicarbonate
NORMAL RANGE =22-26 mEq/L

SaO2 = The arterial oxygen saturation


NORMAL RANGE = >95%
The primary aim of keeping this
delicate balance is to preserve the
HOMEOSTASIS i.e. the highly
complex interactions that maintain all
body systems to functioning within a
normal range.
Any extreme change in this balance 
(PH <6.8 or >7.8) may result in
disastrous changes e.g.
DEGENERATION OF PROTIENS &
shut down of ALL ENZYMATIC
AND METABLOC PROCESSES.
Such disturbed environment would
be incompatible with life.
It is defined as a pH less than 7.35 with a HCO3
less than 22 mEq/L

ABG pH paco2 HCO3

Metabolic NORMAL
acidosis
It is defined as a pH greater than 7.45 with
HCO3 greater than 28 mEq/L

ABG pH Paco2 HCO3


Metabolic NORMAL
alkalosis
It Is defined as pH less than 7.35 with a paco2 
greater than 45 mmHg
ABG pH Paco2 Hco3

Respiratory NORMAL
acidosis
It is defined as a pH greater than 7.45 with a 
Paco2 lesser than 35 mmHg
ABG pH Paco2 HCO3

Respiratory NORMAL
alkalosis
ABG pH Paco2 HCO3

Metabolic NORMAL
acidosis

Metabolic NORMAL
alkalosis

Respiratory NORMAL
acidosis

Respiratory NORMAL
alkalosis
WHAT IS
WHAT IS COMPENSATED UNCOMPENSATED
pH is anywhere inside  pH is anywhere outside 
normal range ( normal range (greater
anything than 7.45 or less than
between 7.35-7.45( 7.35),but pco2 &HCO3
still normal
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
Respiratory acidosis 
Respiratory alkolosis 
A. Is the ABG normal? You can see right away that both CO2 and HcO3 are
out of the normal range, so you move on to the next question.

B. Is is acidotic or alkalotic: The pH is less than 7.40, so it is acidotic

C. Is the cause respiratory or metabolic? The pH is acidotic and the CO2 is


also acidotic, so you have respiratory acidosis.

D. Is it compensated or uncompensated? Since the pH is within normal limits,


it is compensated.

In this example you have compensated respiratory acidosis.


A. Is the ABG normal? No. Some of the values are outside the normal
ranges.

B. Is it acidotic or alkalotic? The pH is greater than 7.40, so it is


alkalotic.

C. Is the cause respiratory or metabolic? You know the pH is alkalotic,


so you look for the matching value. The HcO3 is alkalotic, so it
matches the pH. So, what you have is a metabolic problem.

D. Is it compensated or uncompensated? Since the pH is outside the


normal range of 7.35 to 7.45, it is uncompensated.

Thus, you have uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

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