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Database Management System Overview

This document outlines the key concepts of database management systems including: 1) The operational problems with flat file data management that led to the development of database systems and the relationships between database defining elements. 2) How data normalization addresses anomalies caused by unnormalized data by identifying and removing structural dependencies to reduce data redundancy. 3) The stages of database design including entity identification, data modeling, constructing the physical database, and preparing user views. 4) The differences between centralized and distributed databases and issues to consider when deciding on a database configuration.

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120 views10 pages

Database Management System Overview

This document outlines the key concepts of database management systems including: 1) The operational problems with flat file data management that led to the development of database systems and the relationships between database defining elements. 2) How data normalization addresses anomalies caused by unnormalized data by identifying and removing structural dependencies to reduce data redundancy. 3) The stages of database design including entity identification, data modeling, constructing the physical database, and preparing user views. 4) The differences between centralized and distributed databases and issues to consider when deciding on a database configuration.

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DATABASE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM
AIS HALL CH 9
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
■ Understand the operationall problems inherent in the file approach to data
management that give rise to the database concept
• Understand the relationships among the defining elements of the database
environment.
• understand the anomalies caused by unnormalized databases and the
need for data normalization.
• Be familiar with the stages in database design, including entity identification, data
modeling, constructing the physical database, and preparing user views
• Be familiar with the operational features of distributed databases and
• recognize the issues that need to be considered in deciding on a particular database
configuration.
Flat-file vs
Database
Approach
Database
Management
System
Element of
Database
Concept
Database language
Relational Database Model
Entity
Attributes
Relation
Occurence (number of item, of an entity)
Association - functional connection of 2 entities
Cardinality = degree of association, possible occurence
Example 9-11
Anomalies and Data Normalisation
Anomalies = negative operational symptoms -- Update, Insert,
Deletion
data redudancy, unnormalised table, structural problem

Normalizing tables in a relational database = identifying and


removing structural dependencies (repeating group data, partial,
transitive)
- steps see Figure 9.16 = unnormalised to 3 NF table
Designing Database
identify the views to be modeled
normalise data model and add primary keys
determine cardinalities and foreign keys
construct the physical database
prepare physical user views
Distributed Database
centralized vs distributed database
distributed database = partitioned, replicated

some issues ...............


data currency
deadlock phenomenon
concurrency control
THE END

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