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Lecture on Implicature and Meaning

The document discusses implicature and how utterance meaning arises from context. It differentiates between sentence meaning and utterance meaning, and covers conversational implicature and how implied meanings can be cancelled by additional context. The lecture also defines particularized and generalized conversational implicature and contrasts conversational implicature with conventional implicature.

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77 views8 pages

Lecture on Implicature and Meaning

The document discusses implicature and how utterance meaning arises from context. It differentiates between sentence meaning and utterance meaning, and covers conversational implicature and how implied meanings can be cancelled by additional context. The lecture also defines particularized and generalized conversational implicature and contrasts conversational implicature with conventional implicature.

Uploaded by

honey bear
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

LECTURE 9

IMPLICATURE
A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SENTENCE AND UTTERANCE

• 1. SENTENCE MEANING: The semantic content of


the sentence
• 2. UTTERANCE MEANING: The semantic content
plus any pragmatic meaning created by the use of the
sentence in a specific context
THE AIM OF THE LECTURE:
TO INVESTIGATE HOW THE CONTEXT DEPENDENT MEANING
ARISES.
THIS LECTURE WILL COMPRISE:
1. CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE

2. TYPES OF CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE


3. CONVENTIONAL IMPLICATURE
4. DIFFERENCES BTWN CONVERSATIONAL
IMPLICATURE, ENTAILMENTS, AND
PRESUPPOSITION
1. Conversational implicature: What is
implicated is different from what is said.
1. Arthur: Can you tell me where the post office is?
Bill: I’m a stranger here myself.
2. Arthur: I’ve just moved to this town, and so far I’m finding it pretty tedious; I haven’t met
a single person who is willing to talk about anything except next week’s local elections.
Bill: I’m a stranger here myself.
If the answer was mentioned twice, what is implicated?
In this case, further contexts (language in use) are needed to understand the meaning;
therefore, pragmatics.
DEFEASIBLE

• However, conversational implicatures are also defeasible, meaning that they


can be cancelled or blocked when additional information is provided.
• Arthur: Can you tell me where the post office is?
• Bill: I’m a stranger here myself; but it happens that I have just come from the
post office, so I think I can help you.
• Defeasible here means that the first two responses were not considered as
non-responsive, but accepted as truthful. The third response by Arthur show
that he is also cooperative.
TYPES OF CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE
• 1. Particularized conventional implicature: Depends on contexts, as mentioned in
the examples before
• 2. Generalized conventional implicature; This type of inference does not depend on
particular features of the context, but is instead typically associated with the kind of
proposition being expressed.
• Some examples are: a. She gave him the key and he opened the door. Implicature:
She gave him the key and then he opened the door.
• b. The water is warm. Implicature: The water is not hot.
• c. It is possible that we are related. Implicature: It is not necessarily true that we are
related.
B. CONVENTIONAL IMPLICATURE
• TASK FOR TUTORIAL
• 1. Describe what is conventional implicature
• 2. Explain how does it differ from conversational implicature
• Please submit yr answer to KeLiP.

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