PHYSICAL SECURITY
DANILO T. QUINTELA
Certified Security Professional
PHYSICAL SECURITY
A barrier or system of barriers placed between
the potential intruder and the matter to be
protected.
Protective device against hazards, threat,
vulnerability and risks.
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FACTORS THAT BRING ABOUT
INSECURE CONDITION
THREAT. Positive inimical acts.
HAZARDS. Passive inimical conditions.
VULNERABILITY. Measure of how open
is an establishment to
intrusion, attack or injury.
RISK. Probability of an event to happen
that will lead to losses.
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COMPREHENSIVE
SECURITY PROGRAM
Policies and Procedures. Statements of
security goals and the required means of achieving
them.
Personnel. People to monitor, administer and
implement the system.
Barriers. Access control devices or structures.
Equipment. Detection, alarm, communication
and control systems.
Records. Past incident reports, access records
and transaction logs.
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5 TYPES OF PHYSICAL
BARRIERS
Natural
Human
Animal
Structural
Energy
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Services
PERIMETER BARRIER
(1st Line of Defense)
MAIN PURPOSE:
To deny or impede access
or exit of unauthorized
person/s.
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PERIMETER BARRIER
OTHER PURPOSES:
1. It defines the boundary of the property to be
secured.
2. It creates a physical and psychological
deterrent to unauthorized entry.
3. It delays intrusion, thus, facilitating
apprehension of intruders.
4. It assists in a more efficient and economical
employment of guards.
5. It facilitates and improves the control of
pedestrians and vehicular traffic.
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TYPES OF FENCING
SOLID
FULL-VIEW
Chain link
Barbed wire
Concertina
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THE TOP GUARD
1. A top guard is an overhead of barbed wire
along the top of the fence, facing outward and
upward at approximately a 45-degree angle.
2. Top guard supporting arms will be
permanently affixed to the top of fence posts
to increase the overall height of the fence by
at least one foot.
3. Three strands of barbed wire, spaced 6 inches
apart, must be installed on the supporting
arms.
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TYPES OF PROTECTIVE
ALARM SYSTEM
Local Alarm System
Auxiliary System
Central Station System
Proprietary System
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PURPOSES OF PROTECTIVE
ALARM SYSTEM
1. To economize.
2. To substitute in place of other
security measures.
3. To supplement by providing
additional controls.
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PROTECTIVE LIGHTING
2 MAIN PURPOSES:
1. To create a psychological deterrent
of intrusion.
2. To enable detection.
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PROTECTIVE LIGHTING
4 TYPES:
Continuous
Standby
Movable
Emergency
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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF PROTECTIVE LIGHTING
1. It is relatively inexpensive to maintain.
2. It will probably reduce need for security
forces.
3. It may provide personal protection for
security forces by reducing the element of
surprise by the intruder.
4. It requires less intensity than working light.
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FACTORS INVOLVED IN
DETERMINING THE NEED FOR
PROTECTIVE LIGHTING IN
ANY PLANT
1. Size, shape, character of the plant, and
type of products.
2. Location of plant (type of surroundings).
3. Protective advantage of night lighting.
4. Management policy.
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CLEAR ZONES
A clear zone of 20 feet or more should
exist between the perimeter barrier and
exterior structures, parking areas and
natural or man-made features.
A clear zone of 50 feet or more should
exist between the perimeter barrier and
structures within the protected areas except
when a building wall constitutes part of the
perimeter barrier.
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BUILDING EXTERIORS
(2nd Line of Defense)
Walls
Doors
Windows
Roof openings
Fire escapes
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INTERIOR CONTROLS
(3rd Line of Defense)
ID System
Restricted Areas
Communication
Systems
Access Control
Key Control
Emergency Plans
Guards
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PROPRIETARY GUARDS
ADVANTAGES:
1. Generally of higher caliber as they receive
higher wages.
2. Generally, they provide better service.
3. Can be trained to handle some of the more
complex security duties.
4. Less turnover.
5. Are more familiar with facilities they protect.
6. Tend to be more loyal to the company.
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PROPRIETARY GUARDS
DISADVANTAGES:
1. Costs more.
2. May be required to join a
guard union.
3. Problem of ensuring
availability of back-up
personnel.
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CONTRACT GUARDS
ADVANTAGES:
1. Less expensive.
2. Use is convenient.
3. Administrative and personnel problems less.
4. User is relieved of all payroll-related
responsibilities.
5. Contractor assumes full responsibility for
scheduling and supervising all guard personnel.
6. Is able to obtain extra guards when needed.
7. Security firm (agency) usually accepts liability
in civil suits.
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CONTRACT GUARDS
DISADVANTAGES:
1. Lack of training.
2. Low-caliber employees.
3. No loyalty to the company
(client).
4. Project poor image.
5. Large turnover.
6. Not familiar with client’s
premises.
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Principles of Physical Security
An intruder must be able to acquire access to
the proper in order to benefit.
The type of access necessary will depend upon
a number of variable factors and therefore may
be achieved in a number of ways.
There is no impenetrable barrier.
Security in built upon a system of defense in
depth or accumulated delay time.
Each installation is different.
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Review Questions
1. The main purpose of a perimeter barrier in any
installation is…To deny or impede access or exit
unauthorized person / s.
2. A system of barriers placed between the
potential intruder and the matter to be protected.
Physical Security.
3. The measure of how open is an establishment to
intrusion, attack or injury.- Vulnerability.
4. Mesh openings of a chain fence must not be
larger than 6 inches per side.
5. Chain link or barbed wire fence should be
constructed of ___ material excluding top guard.
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Review Questions
6. The distance between two posts of a barbed
wire fence should be...
7. Type of protective lighting used when there
is an electrical failure. Standby
8. An example of a human barrier is…ID,Access
Control Restricted areas,Guards.
9. Searchlight is a good example of…
10. In between the perimeter barrier fence, the
distance between strands should not exceed…
11. TOP GUARD - is an overhead of barbed wire
or chain link along the top of the fence, usually
facing outward, at an approximately 45-degree
angle.
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