The BIOS is boot firmware, designed to be the

first code run by a PC when powered on. The

initial function of the BIOS is to identify, test,
and initialize system devices such as the video
display card, hard disk, floppy disk and other
hardware. The BIOS sets the machine hardware
into a known state, so that software stored on
compatible media can be loaded, executed,
and given control of the PC.
 Sources of BIOS
• Motherboard ROM

• Adapter card ROM (such as that

found on a video card)

• Loaded into RAM from disk

(device drivers)
 Mothizrboard : B I O S
All motherboards must have a special chip containing software
called the ROM BIOS. This ROM chip contains the startup
programs and drivers used to get the system running and act as
the interface to the basic hardware in the system. When you
turn o n a system, the power on self test {POST) in the BIOS also

tests the major components in the system. Additionally, you can

run a setup program to store system configuration data in the
CMOS memory, which is powered by a battery on the
motherboard. Thls CMOS RAM Is often called NVRAM
(nonvolatile RAM) because it runs on about 1 millionth of an amp
of electrical current and can store data for years when powered
by a tiny lithium battery.
function s
of
Bios
Post(power on self test)
The POST tests your computer's processor,
memory, chipset, video adapter, disk
controllers, disk drives, keyboard, and other
crucial components.
The system configuration and setup program is usually a
menu-driven program activated by pressing a special key
during the POST, and it enables you to configure the
motherboard and chipset settings along with the date and
ti me, passwords, disk drives, and other basic system settings.
You also can control the power-management settings and
boot-drive sequence from the BIOS Setup, and on some
systems, you can also configure CPU timing and clock-
multiplier settings.
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 Bootstrap loadir
A routine that reads the first physical sector of
various disk drives looking for a valid master
boot record (MBR). If one meeting certain
minimum criteria (ending in the signature bytes
SSAAh) is found, the code within is executed.
The MBR program code then continues the boot
process by reading the first physical sector of
the bootable volume, which is the start of the
volume boot record (VBR).
• Amibios
• Awardbios
• Flashbios
 Typical BIOS setup menu
• Maintenance
• Main
• Advanced
• Security
• Power
• Boot
• Exit
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s c r e e n d u r I n g boot .

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Exit
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Common m a n u f a c t u r
• American Megatrends

• lnsyde Software
• Phoenix Technologies

• Byosoft