BASIC FIRST AID

TRAINING
BY
UMARU AISHA
RECOVERY
POSITION
WHAT ARE RECOVERY
POSITIONS
The medical term for recovery position is
lateral recumbent or later decumbitus
position
Recovery positions are position we place an
unconscious or unresponsive person on their
side to keep their airways clear and open.
It also ensure that any vomit or fluid does not
cause the person to choke.
 WHO SHOULD BE PLACED ON
RECOVERY POSITION
• An unconscious but breathing person
• Someone having an epileptic episode
• Someone experiencing seizure
• Someone who has fainted
• Someone who experienced an electric shock
• Overdose
• After CPR
 STEPS FOR RECOVERY POSITION
• With the person lying on their back, kneel on the floor at their side.
• Extend the arm nearest you at a right angle to their body with their palm facing up.
• Take their other arm and fold it so the back of their hand rests on the cheek closest to you,
and hold it in place.
• Use your free hand to bend the person's knee farthest away from you to a right angle.
• Carefully roll the person onto their side by pulling on the bent knee towards you.
• Their bent arm should be supporting the head, and their extended arm will stop you rolling
them too far.
• Make sure their bent leg is at a right angle.
• Open their airway by gently tilting their head back and lifting their chin, and check that
nothing is blocking their airway.
• Stay with the person and monitor their condition until help arrives.
 STEPS FOR RECOVERY POSITION
• Extend the arm nearest you at a right angle to their body with their palm
facing up.
• Take their other arm and fold it so the back of their hand rests on the cheek
closest to you, and hold it in place.
• Use your free hand to bend the person's knee farthest away from you to a
right angle.
• Carefully roll the person onto their side by pulling on the bent knee towards
you.
• Their bent arm should be supporting the head, and their extended arm will
stop you rolling them too far.
• Make sure their bent leg is at a right angle.
• Open their airway by gently tilting their head back and lifting their chin, and
check that nothing is blocking their airway.
• Stay with the person and monitor their condition until help arrives.
 ROCOVERY POSITION FOR SPINAL INJURY
• If you think a person may have a spinal injury, do not attempt to
move them until the emergency services reach you.
• If it's necessary to open their airway, place your hands on either
side of their head and gently lift their jaw with your fingertips to
open the airway. Take care not to move their neck.
 HOW TO INDICATE SPINAL INJURY
• You should suspect a spinal injury if the person:
• has been involved in an incident that's directly affected
their spine, such as a fall from height or being struck
directly in the back
• complains of severe pain in their neck or back
• is not able to move their neck
• feels weak, numb or unable to move (paralyzed)
• has lost control of their limbs, bladder or bowels
WHO SHOULD NOT BE PLACED IN A RECOVERY POSITION

• The recovery position is widely used in first aid situations,

but there are some situations when it is not appropriate. In
some cases, moving a patient on their side or moving
them at all could make their injury worse.
• Do not use the recovery position if the patient has a head,
neck, or spinal cord injury.
• For children under age 1: Place the baby face down
across your forearm. Make sure to support the baby's
head with your hand.
CPR
 CPR
• Cardiopulmonary resusitation is a livesaving technique
that is used for emergencies, such as heartattack, near
drowning, when someone’s heartbeat or breathing stops.
 HOW TO PERFORM CPR
• Untrained. If you're not trained in CPR or worried about giving rescue
breaths, then provide hands-only CPR. That means uninterrupted chest
compressions of 100 to 120 a minute until paramedics arrive (described
in more detail below). You don't need to try rescue breathing.
• Trained and ready to go. If you're well-trained and confident in your ability,
check to see if there is a pulse and breathing. If there is no pulse or
breathing within 10 seconds, begin chest compressions. Start CPR with
30 chest compressions before giving two rescue breaths.
• Trained but rusty. If you've previously received CPR training but you're
not confident in your abilities, then just do chest compressions at a rate of
100 to 120 a minute (details described below).
 STEPS FOR CPR
• CHECK the scene for safety, form an initial impression
and use personal protective equipment (PPE)
• If the person appears unresponsive, CHECK for
responsiveness, breathing, life-threatening bleeding or
other life-threatening conditions using shout-tap-shout
• If the person does not respond and is not breathing or
only gasping, CALL safety or medical personel and get
equipment, or tell someone to do so
• Kneel beside the person. Place the person on their back
on a firm, flat surface
 STEPS FOR CPR
• Give 30 chest compressions

• Hand position: Two hands centered on the chest

• Body position: Shoulders directly over hands; elbows
locked
• Depth: At least 2 inches
• Rate: 100 to 120 per minute
• Allow chest to return to normal position after each
compression
 STEPS FOR CPR
• Give 2 breaths

• Open the airway to a past-neutral position using the head-tilt/chin-lift

technique
• Pinch the nose shut, take a normal breath, and make complete seal over
the person’s mouth with your mouth.
• Ensure each breath lasts about 1 second and makes the chest rise;
allow air to exit before giving the next breath
• Note: If the 1st breath does not cause the chest to rise, retilt the head
and ensure a proper seal before giving the 2nd breath If the 2nd breath
does not make the chest rise, an object may be blocking the airway
 STEPS FOR CPR
• Continue giving sets of 30 chest compressions and 2
breaths. Use an AED as soon as one is available!
Minimize interruptions to chest compressions to less than
10 seconds.
CHEST COMPRESSIONS

Chest compressions
To perform chest compressions, kneel next to the person's neck
and shoulders. Place the heel of one hand over the center of the
person's chest and your other hand on top of the first hand. Keep
your elbows straight and position your shoulders directly above
your hands. Using your upper body weight, push straight down on
the chest about 2 inches (5 centimeters), but not more than 2.4
inches (6 centimeters). Push hard at a rate of 100 to 120
compressions a minute. If you haven't been trained in CPR,
continue chest compressions until there are signs of movement or
until emergency medical personnel take over. If you have been
trained in CPR, go on to opening the airway and rescue
breathing.
 OPENING THE AIRWAY

Open the airway

If you're trained in CPR and you've performed 30
chest compressions, open the person's airway using
the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. Put your palm on the
person's forehead and gently tilt the head back. Then
with the other hand, gently lift the chin forward to
open the airway.
RESCUE BREATH

• Rescue breathing
• Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift
maneuver. Pinch the nostrils shut for
mouth-to-mouth breathing and cover the
person's mouth with yours, making a seal.
Give the first rescue breath, lasting one
second, and watch to see if the chest rises.
If it rises, give the second breath. If the
chest doesn't rise, repeat the head-tilt, chin-
lift maneuver first and then give the second
breath. Be careful not to provide too many
breaths or to breathe with too much force.
After two breaths, immediately restart chest
compressions to restore blood flow.
RESCUE BREATHS
 WHEN TO PERFORM CPR

• A person might need CPR if they stop breathing in any of the following
circumstances:

• a cardiac arrest or heart attack

• choking
• a road traffic accident
• near-drowning
• suffocation
• poisoning
• a drug or alcohol overdose
• smoke inhalation
• electrocution
• suspected sudden infant death syndrome
HEIMLICH MANEUVER
 HEIMLICH MANEUVER
• The Heimlich maneuver uses abdominal thrusts to force
objects out of the throat. Underneath the lungs is a
muscle called the diaphragm. This muscle contracts to
move the lungs, helping them exhale air.
 IDENTIFYING A CHOKING PERSON
• inability to talk
• breathing difficulties
• breathing that squeaks
• weak coughing
• a red, puffy face
• lips or skin turning blue
• loss of consciousness
 HEIMLICH MANEUVER FOR CONCIOUS
PERSON
• Stand behind the person who is choking, arms wrapped
around their waist.
• Make one hand into a fist. Position the thumb side of the
fist against the person’s stomach, below their ribs and
above the belly button. It is possible to feel the diaphragm
muscle.
• Put the other hand over the fist and push into this muscle
with a rapid, forceful, upward thrust.
• Continue abdominal thrusts until the object comes out.
 HEIMELICH MANUEVER FOR SELF
• If you choke while alone, or when there is no one to help, do the
following:

• Make a fist, and with thumbs pointing inward, position the fist
against the diaphragm – under the rib cage and above the navel.
• Push in and up until the object is expelled.
• If unable to do this or it does not work lean over a solid object, such
as a counter or chair. Position the edge at the diaphragm to push in
and up. Move slightly forward and backward to produce thrusts.
• Repeat until the object is dislodged.
 HEIMELICH MANUEVER FOR INFANT
• In infants under 1 year of age, follow these steps:

• Position the baby face down on the forearm, ensuring the baby’s
head is lower than their chest.
• With the forearm resting on the thigh, support the baby’s head
with the hand.
• Make sure the baby’s mouth and nose are not covered.
• Use the heel of the other hand to smack the baby’s back in
between the shoulder blades four times. Repeat until the object
comes out.
• If this fails, turn the baby over. Position two fingers in the center of
the baby’s chest, between the nipples. Forcefully push down four