Introduction to Machine

Learning
Understanding Supervised and Unsupervised Learning
What is Machine Learning?
• Machine Learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that involves the
use of algorithms to enable computers to learn from and make
predictions or decisions based on data.
• It's about training machines to improve their performance on a
specific task through exposure to data.
Types of Machine Learning
• There are two main types of machine learning:
• Supervised Learning
• Unsupervised Learning.
Supervised Learning
• Supervised Learning involves training a model on a labeled dataset,
where the input data is paired with the correct output.
• The goal is for the model to learn the mapping function from input to
output, so it can make accurate predictions on new, unseen data.
• Examples of Supervised Learning tasks: Classification and Regression.
Classification in Supervised Learning
• Classification is a type of Supervised Learning where the goal is to
categorize input data into predefined classes or categories.
• Example: Spam detection, image classification, sentiment analysis.
Regression in Supervised Learning
• Regression is a type of Supervised Learning where the goal is to
predict continuous numerical values.
• Example: Predicting house prices, stock prices, temperature.
Unsupervised Learning
• Unsupervised Learning involves training a model on an unlabeled
dataset, where the model seeks to find patterns, structures, or
relationships within the data.
• It's used to explore the data, uncover hidden patterns, and group
similar data points.
• Examples of Unsupervised Learning tasks: Clustering and
Dimensionality Reduction.
Clustering in Unsupervised Learning
• Clustering is a type of Unsupervised Learning where the goal is to
group similar data points together based on their features.
• Example: Customer segmentation, document clustering.
Dimensionality Reduction in Unsupervised
Learning
• Dimensionality Reduction is a technique to reduce the number of
features in a dataset while preserving its essential information.
• It helps in visualizing data and improving the efficiency of machine
learning models.
• Example: Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
Key Concepts in Machine Learning
• Feature: Input variables used to make predictions or decisions.
• Label: Known output used in Supervised Learning to train the model.
• Training Data: Data used to train the machine learning model.
• Testing Data: Unseen data used to evaluate the model's performance.
• Model Evaluation: Assessing how well the model performs on new
data.
• Overfitting: When a model performs well on training data but poorly
on new data due to capturing noise.
Conclusion
• Machine Learning is a powerful tool that enables computers to learn
patterns and make predictions from data.
• Supervised Learning involves labeled data for making predictions,
while Unsupervised Learning finds hidden patterns in unlabeled data.
• Understanding these basic concepts is the foundation for diving
deeper into the world of machine learning.