CONTINUITY
Answer:
The function is
continuous at
x = 1.
Answer:
The function is
discontinuous
at x = 1.
Answer:
The function is
discontinuous
at x = 0.
Answer:
The function is
continuous at
x = 2.
CONTINUITY AT A NUMBER
A function is said to be continuous at the
number if all of the following three conditions
are satisfied.
If any one of the above three conditions fail, the
function is said to be discontinuous at a number
.
Determine whether is continuous at .
Solution:
𝟐 𝟐
𝑓 ( 1 )=𝟒 𝒙 + 𝒙 −𝟐=𝟒 ( 𝟏 ) + (𝟏 ) −𝟐=𝟑
lim ( 𝟒 𝒙 + 𝒙 −𝟐 ) =𝟒 (𝟏 ) + (𝟏 ) − 𝟐=𝟑
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙→𝟏
Recall:
lim 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )= 𝒇 (𝟏)
𝒙→𝟏
∴ 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒐𝒖𝒔 𝒂𝒕 𝒙=𝟏.
The graph of .
Determine whether is
continuous at .
Solution at x = 0:
a)
b)
c)
Recall:
The three conditions are satisfied.
The function is continuous at x =0.
Determine whether is
continuous at .
Solution at x = 2:
a)
b)
c)
Recall:
The three conditions are satisfied.
The function is continuous at x =2.
Determine whether is
continuous at .
Solution at x = 3:
a) indeterminate
b)
c)
Recall:
The three conditions are not satisfied.
The function is discontinuous at x =3
The graph of.
Example 3: Investigate the continuity of the
function
Solution at x = 3:
Recall:
c)
The second condition is not satisfied at x = 3.
Hence, the function discontinuous at x = 3.
The graph of
( 𝒙 − 𝟏 ) 𝒊𝒇 𝒙<𝟑
( −𝟐 𝒙 +𝟒 ) 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ≥ 𝟑
Example 4: Investigate the continuity of the
function
Solution at x = 2:
Recall:
The function discontinuous at x = 2.
The graph of
Example 5
CONTINUITY
on a CLOSED
INTERVAL
CONTINUITY ON A CLOSED INTERVAL
A function is said to be continuous ON A CLOSED
INTERVAL [a, b] if
Example: Determine whether the following functions is continuous
on the given interval. .
X Y
a = -3 and b = 3
-2.5 1.66
1st condition: Must be continuous in an open interval (a, b) -2 2.24
0 3
the function is continuous on the open interval (-3, 3)
2 2.24
2 ND
condition: Must be continuous from the right at .
-2.5 1.66
Therefore, it is continuous from
the right at -3.
3rd condition: Must be continuous from the left at .
Therefore, it is continuous from
the left at 3.
Conclusion:
Since the three conditions hold, the
function is continuous on the
interval [-3, 3].
The graph of
Continuity of
Polynomial, Rational,
and Square Root
Functions
Continuity of Polynomial, Rational, and
Square Root Functions
1) A polynomial function is continuous at
every real number, that is, it is continuous
everywhere.
2) A rational function is continuous at every
number in its domain.
3) A square root function is continuous at
every number in its domain
Example 1: Determine whether the following functions is continuous on
the given interval.
Since the
polynomial is
continuous at
every real
number then, the
function is
continuous at
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Types of
Discontinuity
JUMP DISCONTINUITY
REMOVABLE DISCONTINUITY
ASYMPTOTIC/
INFINITEDISCONTINUITY
Given the graph of , shown below, determine if is
continuous at , and .
Is is continuous at ?
𝑓 ( −2 ) =2
DNE
The function is
not continuous
at x = -2.
Jump discontinuities occur where
the graph has a break in it and the
values of the function to either
side of the break are finite (i.e. the
function doesn’t go to infinity) W. Michael Kelley
2018 Paul Dawkins
𝑓 (𝑥 )={3 𝑥 −2 ; 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 <3
𝑥 −1 ; 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 3
𝑓 ( 3 ) =2
DNE
Example of Jump
Discontinuity
{
2
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 +2 ; 𝑖𝑓 𝑥<2
𝑥 +3 ; 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 2
𝑓 ( 2 )=5
DNE
lim 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 2
−
𝑥→2
lim
+¿
¿
𝑥→2 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =5 ¿
Example of Jump
Discontinuity
Is is continuous at ? 𝑓 ( 0 ) =1
lim 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =1
𝑥→0
The function
is continuous
at x = 0.
Is is continuous at ?
𝑓 ( 3 ) =− 1
lim 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =0
𝑥→3
The function is
not continuous
at x = 3.
Removable discontinuities
are those where 2018
there
Paulis a
Dawkins
hole in the graph.
Example: Consider the function
, the function is discontinuous at
To remove the discontinuity, redefine the function.
Given Function: Redefined Function:
Here’s how:
𝒙
𝟐
− 𝟒 ( 𝒙+ 𝟐 ) ( 𝒙 −𝟐 )
𝒇 ( 𝒙)= = 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =( 𝒙+ 𝟐 ) 𝒇 (𝟐 )=𝟒
𝒙 −𝟐 ( 𝒙 −𝟐 )
Given Function:
Redefined Function:
Example: Consider the function
The value of x should not be equal to -3;
otherwise, the fraction is indeterminate.
The discontinuity of the function is
removable. To remove the discontinuity,
redefine the function
What is the redefine function?
Given Function:
Redefined Function:
Here’s how:
𝟐 𝒙
𝟐
+ 𝟓 𝒙 −𝟑 ( 𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏 )( 𝒙 +𝟑 )
𝒇 ( 𝒙)= = 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =( 𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏 )
𝒙 +𝟑 ( 𝒙+𝟑 )
𝒇 (− 𝟑 )=𝟐 ( − 𝟑 ) − 𝟏=−𝟕 𝒇 (− 𝟑 )=−𝟕
ASYMPTOTIC/INFINITE DISCONTINUITY
In this type of discontinuity, at
least one of the two limits is
infinite.
Example 5: Consider the function
Example 6: Consider the function
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