Introduction to Computer
Networks
ruman chapagai
rumanchapagain@[Link]
Contents
1. What is a Computer Network?
2. Types of Computer Networks
3. Benefits of Computer Networks
4. Components of a Computer Network
5. Network Topologies
6. Network Protocols
7. Network Security
8. Common Network Issues
9. Future of Computer Networks
10. Conclusion
11. Thank You
What is a Computer Network?
A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices
and systems that enable communication and data exchange
between them. It allows for the sharing of resources, such as
files and printers, and facilitates collaboration and information
sharing.
Types of Computer Networks
There are various types of computer networks, including local
area networks (LANs) which connect devices within a limited
area, wide area networks (WANs) which connect devices
across large distances, and wireless networks which use radio
waves to connect devices without physical cables.
Benefits of Computer Networks
Improved Communication
1 Increased Efficiency 2 Resource Sharing
Computer networks enable faster and more efficient Networks enable the sharing of hardware, software, and data
communication, allowing for real-time collaboration and among multiple users, reducing costs and improving
faster data transfer. efficiency.
3 Enhanced Flexibility 4 Improved Security
By enabling remote access to resources and information, Networks allow for the implementation of security measures,
computer networks provide flexibility in terms of working such as firewalls and encryption, to protect sensitive data and
location and hours. prevent unauthorized access.
Components of a Computer Network
Hardware and Software
1 Devices
Computer networks consist of devices such as computers, routers, switches, and servers, which facilitate the transmission of data.
2 Cables and Connectors
Physical cables and connectors, such as Ethernet cables and fiber optic cables, are used to connect devices in a network.
3 Network Operating System
Networks require specialized software, known as a network operating system, to manage and control network resources.
Network Topologies
Layouts of Network
Bus Topology Star Topology
In a bus topology, devices are connected to a In a star topology, devices are connected to a
central cable called a bus. Data is transmitted central hub or switch. Data is transmitted
sequentially on the bus, and all devices through the hub/switch, and only the
receive the data simultaneously. intended recipient device receives the data.
Network Protocols
Network protocols are a set of rules and standards that define
the procedures for communication and data exchange between
devices in a network. Examples of network protocols include
TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP.
Network Security
Protecting the Network
Firewalls Encryption Access Control
Firewalls are used to monitor and Encryption is the process of Access control mechanisms, such as
filter network traffic, preventing encoding data to prevent passwords and user authentication,
unauthorized access and protecting unauthorized access. It ensures that are used to restrict access to network
against cyber threats. data can only be understood by resources and data.
authorized parties.
Common Network Issues
1 Network Congestion 2 Network Security Threats
Network congestion occurs when there is a high volume of Networks are vulnerable to various security threats, such as
data traffic, leading to reduced network performance and malware attacks and unauthorized access.
slower data transfer.
3 Hardware Failures 4 Compatibility Issues
Hardware failures, such as router or switch malfunctions, can Compatibility issues may arise when devices in a network use
disrupt network connectivity and affect overall network different protocols or configurations, leading to
performance. communication problems.
Future of Computer Networks
1 Internet of Things (IoT)
The IoT involves the interconnection of everyday objects to the
internet, enabling smart homes, automated systems, and enhanced
data collection.
2 5G Technology
5G technology promises faster data transfer speeds.
Conclusion
Computer networks play a crucial role in modern society,
facilitating communication, resource sharing, and
collaboration. As technology continues to advance, networks
will become even more integral to our daily lives, connecting
devices, systems, and people like never before.
