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Understanding Cholera: Causes and Control

Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. It spreads when the feces of an infected person contaminates food or water. Symptoms include watery diarrhea and vomiting. Diagnosis involves microscopy or culture of stool samples to detect the bacteria. Treatment focuses on rehydration through oral rehydration solutions and intravenous fluids along with antibiotics like doxycycline or azithromycin. Prevention strategies include access to safe water, sanitation, hygiene education, and vaccines.

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75 views21 pages

Understanding Cholera: Causes and Control

Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. It spreads when the feces of an infected person contaminates food or water. Symptoms include watery diarrhea and vomiting. Diagnosis involves microscopy or culture of stool samples to detect the bacteria. Treatment focuses on rehydration through oral rehydration solutions and intravenous fluids along with antibiotics like doxycycline or azithromycin. Prevention strategies include access to safe water, sanitation, hygiene education, and vaccines.

Uploaded by

praveenkumarvmbbs2002
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHOLERA

VISHNU P
MBBS 2nd YR
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
• Define cholera.
• Epidemiology of cholera.
• Causative organism.
• Pathophysiology of cholera.
• Signs & Symptoms, Complications, Risk factors,
Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment &Prevention of cholera.
• Ways of controlling the spread of cholera.
CHOLERA
Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by
infection of the intestine with the bacteria Vibrio
cholerae.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Cholera was prevalent in the 1800s, but due to proper
treatment of sewage and drinking water, has become
rare in developed countries.
• Cholera is a fecal disease, meaning that it spreads when
the feces of an infected person come into contact with
food or water.
• Incidence: 1 in 100,000 worldwide.
• Over 1 million cases and nearly 10,000 fatalities.
VIBRIO CHOLERAE
• Gram negative.
• Type of Gammaproteobacteria.
• Distinguishing factors: Oxidase positive, motile via polar
flagellum, and both respiratory and fermentative metabolism.
• Organism can multiply freely in water.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF
CHOLERA
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
• Most people remain asymptomatic. The symptoms of cholera
include:
COMPLICATIONS
RISK FACTORS
TRANSMISSION
A. FAECALLY CONTAMINATED WATER :
Uncontrolled water sources such as wells, lakes, ponds, streams, and rivers.
B. CONTAMINATED FOOD AND DRINKS:
Ingestion of contaminated food and drinks have been causes the cholera
disease.
C. DIRECT CONTACT:
Person to person transmission through contaminated fingers while
carelessly handling excreta and vomit of patients and contaminated linen
and fomites.
DIAGNOSIS
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

CULTURE
• Vibrios often detected by dark field or phase contrast
microscopy of stool.
• Organisms are motile, appearing like "shooting stars"
• Microscopy show sheets of curved Gram negative
rods.
• When plated on sucrose dishes, yellow colonies
appear confirming cholera present.
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

Additional methods of detection include


PCR and monoclonal antibody-based stool tests.
TREATMENT
ANTIBIOTIC
TREATMENT
ANTIBIOTIC
TREATMENT
PREVENTION
• Basic health education and hygiene.
• Mass Chemoprophylaxis.
• Provision of safe water and sanitation.
• Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Approach:
water,sanitation, education, and communication.
VACCINES
CONTROLLING
CHOLERA
CASE SCENARIO
A 25 yr old female admitted with the history of watery
diarrhea resembling rice water of 24 hrs duration alongwith
copious vomiting.
• What is your diagnosis,
• Pathogenesis,
• Lab diagnosis,
• Treatment
Thank You!

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