Biomechanics and

Body Movements
Steffany Anne C. Poblador
 Defining Biomechanics

Is the study and science of how biological

organisms systems and structures react to external
forces and stimuli. Biomechanics is the science of
movement of a living body, including how muscles,
bones, tendons and ligaments work together to
produce a movement.
 Elements of Biomechanics
In biomechanics, there are five important elements, these are
the;
Motion The movement of the body or an object across
space. Speed and acceleration are major
elements of motion.
Force This is the push or pull that causes a person or
an object to accelerate, stop, or change direction.
Momentum This is the product of a weight and its velocity
when it is moved
Levers Our arms and legs functions as levers; if a lever
has three parts: the resistance arm, the fulcrum,
and the axis rotation
Balance This refers to the stability. The alignment of the
body’s center of gravity over the base of support
is fundamental principle of balance.
 Principles used in Biomechanics

• Dynamics-the study of moving systems that undergo acceleration

and deceleration
• Kinematics- the study of motion pattern describes the effect of
forces on a system including linear and angular variations in
velocity through time, position, displacement, speed and
acceleration
• Kinetics- the study of what generates motion and the forces and
duration at work
• Statics- the study of systems at equilibrium, whether at rest or
moving at a constant velocity
 Objectives of Biomechanics

• The primary objective of biomechanics of sport

and physical exercise to increase performance in
a particular sport or physical exercise
• The secondary objective of biomechanics of sport
and physical exercise is to make
recommendations for injury prevention and
rehabilitation.
 Application of Biomechanics
Biomechanics is rapidly expanding with numerous
applications which includes;
• Biomechanics can help us understand how muscles
move
• Biomechanics can also be used to design medical
treatments
• Biomechanics is also applied in the design of sports
equipment
 Types of Fundamental Movements

There are two types of basic body movements:

locomotor and non-locomotor movements
• Locomotor movements- Refers to body
movement where the body travels from one
location to another point.
• Non-locomotor movements- sometimes called
as axial movements. Refers to the body
movement without allowing body to travel.
 Fundamental Movement skill

Are particular set of skills that is considered as foundation for more advance and
specialized skills that learners need to participate in various games, sports, and
leisure activities

Fundamental movement skill can be categorized into three groups:

• Body management skills- involves balancing, maintaining
equilibrium and postural control of the body in stillness and in
motion such as rolling, stopping, stretching, bending, twisting,
landing, climbing, and turning
• Locomotor skill- involves transporting body in any direction from
one point to another such as walking, running, jumping, hopping,
galloping, marching, and skipping
• Object control skills- requires controlling implements and objects
such as balls, hoops, bats and ribbons that involve the use of body
parts such as hands and feet
 Movement concepts

1. Body awareness- learning a persons’ body parts and

understanding what the parts can do, and moving the parts
2. Spatial awareness- knowing how much space the body occupies
and utilizing the body in physical space
3. Directional awareness- understanding left and right, up and
down, in and out, top and bottom, and front and back
4. Temporal awareness- the construction of an internal time
structure that identifies movement-time relationships; and
5. Relationship awareness- understanding with what the body
makes movements, or with whom the body makes movements
 Movement principle
1. Balance- the capacity to sustain the body’s line gravity within the
support base with minimal postural way
2. Centering- your human body’s core, where all body movements
emanate and hold you as you move together.
3. Center of gravity- the balance point or that point where all the
body’s weight is distributed equally across all sides
4. Posture- the body’s presumed position either with support during
muscle activity or a coordinated action by a group of muscles
working to maintain stability
5. Gesture- the use of the body to convey emotions and ideas
through movement patterns as an expressive instrument
6. Rhythm- the pattern and emphasis of beats

7. Breathing- the use of inhalation and exhalation to give fluidity and

harmony to a persons movement
 BINGO BLACK OUT GAME
Instruction:

Write the 24 words on your BINGO card. The teacher will call out a definition
or phrase. Students must identify the word or phrase in their bingo card and
make over the space. Whenever a student has all of the terms displayed in a
column diagonally, horizontally or vertically they must shout BINGO!!!! They
will be disqualified if the student will claim the wrong Bingo!!!
 B I N G O
Sway Bend Balance Twist Flex
Stretch Walk Gallop Jump Hop
Slide Skip Free Push Leap
Run Pull Step Roll Shake
Swing Turn Wiggle rotate Curl