COCOMO ModeI
Basic
M. Ali Masood
Rii 08-1227
397oduc9io3
M is one of the most widely used software
estimation models in the world
t was developed by Barry Boehm in 1981
M predicts the effort and schedule for a
software product development based on inputs
relating to the size of the software and a number of
cos9 d7ive7s that affect productivity
COCOMO ModeIs
M has three different models that
reflect the compIexi9:
the Basic Model
the ntermediate Model
and the Detailed Model
%e DeveIopme39 Modes:
P7ojec9 Ca7ac9e7is9ics
O7a3ic Mode
W Relatively smaII, simple software projects
W SmaII 9eams with ood application expe7ie3ce
work to a set of less than rigid requirements
W SimiIa7 to the previously developed projects
W relatively smaII and requires little innovation
Semide9aced Mode
W 39e7media9e in size and complexity) software
projects in which teams with mixed expe7ie3ce
levels must meet a mix of rigid and less than rigid
requirements.
Co39d.
Embedded Mode
W $oftware projects that must be developed within a
set of 9i9 a7dwa7e, sof9wa7e, and ope7a9io3aI
co3s97ai39s.
COCOMO:
Some Assump9io3s
!rimary cost driver is the number of
DeIive7ed Sou7ce 3s97uc9io3s D$) /
DeIive7ed Li3e Of Code developed by the
project
M estimates assume that the project
will enjoy ood ma3aeme39 by both the
developer and the customer
Assumes the requirements specification is
3o9 subs9a39iaII ca3ed after the plans
and requirements phase
Basic COCOMO
Basic M is good for quick, ea7I, 7ou
order of magnitude es9ima9es of sof9wa7e cos9s
t does not account for differences in a7dwa7e
co3s97ai39s, pe7so33eI quaIi9 a3d expe7ie3ce,
use of modern tools and techniques, and other
project attributes known to have a significant
influence on software costs, which Iimi9s i9s
accu7ac
Basic COCOMO ModeI:
Fo7muIa
a
b
or D$)
b
b
Dc
b
)
d
b
!/D
where E is the effort applied in person-months, D is
the development time in chronological months,
KLOC / KDS is the estimated number of delivered
lines of code for the project expressed in
thousands), and P is the number of people required.
The coefficients ,
-
, -
-
, .
-
and d
-
are given in next
slide.
Co39d.
Sof9wa7e p7ojec9 ,
-
-
-
.
-
/
-
rganic 2.4 1.05 2.5 0.38
$emi-detached 3.0 1.12 2.5 0.35
mbedded 3.6 1.20 2.5 0.32
Basic COCOMO ModeI:
Equa9io3
Mode Effort S.edule
rganic 2.4*D$)
1.05
TD'2.5*)
0.38
$emidetached 3.0*D$)
1.12
TD'2.5*)
0.35
mbedded 3.6*D$)
1.20
TD'2.5*)
0.32
Basic COCOMO ModeI:
Limi9a9io3
ts accuracy is necessarily limited because of its
Iack of fac9o7s which have a significant influence on
software costs
The Basic M estimates are within a factor of
1.3 only 29% of the time, and within a factor of 2
only 60% of the time
Basic COCOMO ModeI:
ExampIe
e have determined our project fits the characteristics of Semi-
De9aced mode
e estimate our project will have 32,000 Delivered $ource
nstructions. Using the formulas, we can estimate:
Effo79 3.0*32)
1.12
146 man-months
SceduIe 2.5*146)
0.35
14 months
P7oduc9ivi9 32,000 D$ / 146 MM
219 D$/MM
Ave7ae S9affi3 146 MM /14 months
10 F$!
