Internet of Things

Contents of Introduction

1 What’s Internet of Things?

2 State of the Art of IoT.

3 Challenges of IoT.

4 Future of IoT.

Conclusion
5
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjYTzvAVozo
 What’s the Internet of Things

1) The term "Internet of Things" has come to describe a

number of technologies and research disciplines that
enable the Internet to reach out into the real world of
physical objects.
2) The Internet of Things is the intelligent connectivity of
physical devices driving massive gains in efficiency,
business growth, and quality of life”
3) The Internet of Things, also called The Internet of Objects,
refers to a wireless network between objects.
Work Revolution by IoT
 With Every passing Moment More things are being
connected to address a growing range of business
needs.
 In fact, by 2020, more than 50 billion things will
connect to the Internet—seven times our human
population.
 Examples are wearable health and performance
monitors, connected vehicles, smart grids,
connected oilrigs, and connected
manufacturing.
 This Internet of Things (IoT) will revolutionize the
4

way we work, live, play, and learn.

Big Challenge

 Inadequate security will be a critical barrier to

large-scale deployment of IoT systems and
broad customer adoption of IoT applications.
 Simplyextending existing IT security
architectures to the IoT will not be sufficient.
 TheIoT world requires new security
approaches, creating fertile ground for
innovative and disruptive thinking and
solutions. 5
Relationship to the Internet of
Everything (IoE)
People Process
Connecting People in More Delivering the Right Information
Relevant, Valuable Ways to the Right Person (or Machine)
at the Right Time

IoE
Data Things
Physical Devices and Objects
Leveraging Data into Connected to the Internet and
More Useful Information for Each Other for Intelligent
Decision Making Decision Making

Networked Connection of People, Process, Data, Things

Internet Revolution
Internet Usage and Population Statistics
 IoT Is Here Now – and Growing!

50
50

Billion

40
“Smart Objects”
BILLIONS OF DEVICES

Rapid Adoption
30 Rate of Digital
Infrastructure:
5X Faster Than
Electricity and
25 Telephony
20 Inflection
Point
12.5

World Population
10
7.2 7.6
6.8

TIMELINE
0

Source: Cisco IBSG, 2011

2010 2015 2020
Typical Views of the Internet of Things

Industrial Automation Smart Health

Smart Home Smart City

Connected World
IoT Delivers Extraordinary Benefits

While these benefits can certainly

inspire business owners, they can
also be understand by as largely
academic … so let’s take a look at
some real-world use cases, to show
how IoT will benefit us in our daily
lives …
12
Connected Rail Operations
PASSENGER SECURITY
 In-station and onboard safety
 Visibility into key events

ROUTE OPTIMIZATION
 Enhanced Customer Service
 Increased efficiency
 Collision avoidance
 Fuel savings

CRITICAL SENSING
 Transform “data” Cost savings,
to “actionable improved safety, superior service
intelligence”
 Proactive maintenance
 Accident avoidance
Smart City
CONNECTED TRAFFIC
SIGNALS
 Reduced congestion
 Improved emergency services response
times
 Lower fuel usage

PARKING AND LIGHTING

 Increased efficiency
 Power and cost savings
 New revenue opportunities

CITY SERVICES
 Safety, financial,
Efficient service delivery and environmental benefits
 Increased revenues
 Enhanced environmental monitoring
capabilities
What Comprises IoT Networks?

Operation
Information
al
Technology Technolog Smart
(IT) y Objects
(OT)

the “IoT Network” isn’t a completely separate entity … rather, it utilizes

the existing IT network as its foundation, and then supplements it with
operational technology (OT) and the billions of sensors, devices, and
other smart objects.
The Flip Side: Major Security Challenges
IoT Expands Security Needs
Increased Attack Surface

Threat Diversity

Impact and Risk

Remediation

Protocols

Compliance and Regulation

Converged, Managed
Resilience at Scale Security Distributed Intelligence Application Enablement
Network

IoT CONNECTIVITY
Smart City

REMOTE ACCESS
 Increased traffic congestion
 Creation of unsafe conditions

SYSTEM CONTROL
 Device manipulation
 Remote monitoring
 Creation of unsafe conditions

SERVICE MANIPULATION
 Environmental degradation

Potential impact to services and public safety

 System shutdown
 Lost revenue
 Unintended Security Exposures*

Farm Feeding System in the

U.S.

Mine Ventilation System in

Romania

Hydroelectric Plant in the

U.S.

* Source: Wired, November 2013

Delivering Security Across the Extended Network
IT and OT are Inherently Different

IT OT
• Connectivity: “Any-to-Any” • Connectivity: Hierarchical
• Network Posture: Confidentiality, • Network Posture: Availability,
Integrity, Availability (CIA) Integrity, Confidentiality (AIC)
• Security Solutions: Cybersecurity; • Security Solutions: Physical Access
Data Protection Control; Safety
• Response to Attacks: • Response to Attacks: Non-stop
Quarantine/Shutdown to Mitigate Operations/Mission Critical – Never
Stop, Even if Breached
IT/OT Converged Security Model
IT

Cloud

Network Security
Enterprise Network

Application Control

Identity Services
DMZ
Demilitarized Zone

Secure Access
OT
Supervisory

Config
Mgmt
Automation & Control
 Conclusion:
Securely Embrace IoT!
New challenges require new thinking!
avoid operational siloes
networking and convergence are key
a sound security solution is integrated throughout
build for the future
Security must be pervasive
inside and outside the network
device- and data-agnostic
proactive and intelligent
Intelligence, not data
convergence, plus analytics
speed is essential for real-time decisions
Internet of Things –
Connected Devices across industries
Wireless Communication
Standardization
 Institute
of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (IEEE)
 International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
 TeleManagement (TM) Forum
 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
 Next
Generation Mobile Networks Alliance
(NGMN)
 5GInfrastructure Public Private Partnership
(5G PPP) 25
The application of IoT(1)
Regional Office Biosensor taken by people

House Network Equipment in public place

Transportation Vehicle Virtual Environment

The application of IoT(2)

Scenario: shopping
(2) When shopping in the market, the goods will
introduce themselves.

(1) When entering the doors, scanners will identify the

tags on her clothing.

(4) When paying for the goods, the microchip of the credit
card will communicate with checkout reader.

(3) When moving the goods, the reader will tell the staff
to put a new one.
Scenario: Intelligent Home
 Maintaining a comfort temperature and heating of water are the
most energy consuming tasks of the house with huge potentials
for energy conservation, and as a consequence a significant
positive impact on the environment. This is further discussed
under environmental aspects and resource efficiency below
 There will be robots taking care of the house, performing routine
works such as cleaning or maintenance. These will collaborate
autonomously with the house sensors, and the house control. The
intelligent appliances will collaborate to conserve energy, and to
signal need for new supplies of food, detergents, maintenance,
etc. Some of which may be satisfied automatically by the
maintenance robot. This will take away some of today’s tedious
housekeeping activities.

28
Scenario: Transportation
 When there is a queue, the first cars may tell the cars behind if there is
an accident or just too much traffic, and this will eventually make
intelligent navigation systems re-plan the route of cars programmed to
go down already saturated roads. The cars may help the driver to keep
safe distance to the car in front, and may refuse dangerous actions like
speeding if the weather conditions are unsafe or overtaking if the
oncoming car goes too fast. The cars can go by autopilot on highways
reducing the risk of fatigue related accidents.

 Cars will also be able to maintain themselves, calling for the

appropriate service based on the self diagnosis of the problem and
ensuring that the right replacement parts are in stock. The car will plan
the time of service according to the diaries and preferences of the
usual driver to minimise the petulance of their lives, and make sure
that there is a substitute car available if there would be a need for it.

29
State of the Art of IoT
Enabling Technologies
RFID Sensor Smart Tech Nano Tech

To identify To collect and To enhance the To make the

and track the process the power of the smaller and
data of data to detect network by smaller things
things the changes in devolving have the ability
the physical processing to connect and
status of capabilities to interact.
things different part of
the network.
State of the Art of IoT
Research groups
1 2 3
MIT Auto-ID Lab & EPC EPFL & ETH Zurich Nokia
Global. Information and SAP
Communication Systems IBM
Stanford University Research Group GOOGLE
AMBIENT
Georgia Institute of Chemnitz University of Metro Group
Technology Technology Siemens
VSR Group Sun
Cambridge Univ Cisco
GE
The challenge of IoT
Total challenge of IOT

1.Technological Standardization in most areas are still remain fragmented.

2.Managing and fostering rapid innovation is a challenge for governments .

3. Privacy.

4.Absence of governance.
 Challenges and Issues
 Issues
 Society: People, security, privacy
A policy for people in the Internet of Things:
 Legislation

 Environmental aspects
 Resource efficiency
 Pollution and disaster avoidance
 Technological
 Architecture (edge devices, servers, discovery services, security, etc.)
 Governance, naming, identity, interfaces
 Service openness, interoperability
 Connections of real and virtual world
 Standards
Conclusion: Securely Embrace IoT!
New challenges require new thinking!
avoid operational siloes
networking and convergence are key
a sound security solution is integrated throughout
build for the future
Security must be pervasive
inside and outside the network
device- and data-agnostic
proactive and intelligent
Intelligence, not data
convergence, plus analytics
speed is essential for real-time decisions
35
IoT Landscape
5G Standardization
 5G White Paper by NGMA Alliance
 v.1.0 released on 17-February-2015
 Endorsed by the NGMN Board Members
 5G Vision
 Requirements
 Technology and Architecture
 Spectrum
 Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
 Way Forward

“5G is an end-to-end ecosystem to enable a fully

mobile and connected society. It empowers value
creation towards customers and partners, through
existing and emerging use cases, delivered with
37
consistent experience, and enabled by sustainable
Next Generation Mobile Networks
business models.”
Intro of IOT Video

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEsKZGOxNKw

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhrB5ZZXnjM

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVlT4sX6uVs

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFqEx--b7hU

38
References
 Next Generation Mobile Networks  The METIS 2020 Project – Laying the foundation of 5G

  https://www.metis2020.com
http://www.ngmn.org/home.html
  EVARILOS EU Project
http://www.ngmn.org/fileadmin/ngmn/content/imag
es/news/ngmn_news/NGMN_5G_White_Paper_V1_0. 
pdf http://www.evarilos.eu/index.php

 CREW EU Project
 High Availability on Wikipedia
 http://www.crew-project.eu/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_availability
 Broadcom Real-time Sports Location Tracking Demo
 Microsoft Research RADAR project
 http://www.broadcom.com/blog/wireless-technology/video-
 http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/radar/ demo-5g-wifi-enables-real-time-sports-location-tracking/
 Microsoft Research PlaceLab Project
 Internet of Things at Broadcom
 http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.as
px?id=64611  http://www.broadcom.com/application/internet_of_things.p
hp
 Microsoft Research RightSPOT Project
 2x2 MIMO 802.11ac with High Speed and Location
 http://msr-waypoint.com/en-us/um/people/jckrumm Services
/Publications%202003/rightSPOT%20publish.pdf
 http://appleinsider.com/articles/14/02/24/broadcoms-new-
 Powerline Positioning 5g-wi-fi-chip-with-80211ac-2x2-mimo-could-be-tapped-for-
future-iphone
 https://ubicomplab.cs.washington.edu/projects/PLP
 Li-Fi Light Fidelity (Visible Light Communication)
 https://www.ted.com/talks/harald_haas_wireless_data_fro
39
m_every_light_bulb?language=en
40