BASICS OF PROGRAMMING

What is Programming?
• Definition: Programming is the process of
creating a set of instructions that tell a
computer how to perform a task.
• Purpose: To automate tasks, solve
problems, and create software
applications.
• Critical Thinking:
Enhances problem-
solving and logical
thinking skills.
• Career Opportunities:
High demand for
programmers in various
industries.
• Innovation: Ability to
create new software and
applications.
• Automation: Simplifies
and automates repetitive
tasks.
Why
Learn
Progr
ammi
ng?
Basics of Programming
Computer Hardware Computer Software Operating System
• Definition: Computer • Definition: Computer • Definition: An operating
hardware refers to the software refers to the system (OS) is a type of
physical components of a programs and applications software that acts as an
computer system that you that run on a computer intermediary between
can see and touch. These and perform various tasks. computer hardware and
components are Software is intangible and the user. It manages
responsible for performing is used to control hardware resources,
the basic functions of the hardware and perform provides a user interface,
computer, such as specific tasks. and executes and provides
processing data, storing • Example- Microsoft Excel, services for applications
data, and interfacing with Chrome, etc. software.
other devices. • Example: Windows, Mac,
• Example: CPU, Keyboard, Linux, ROS, Android, iOS
Mouse, Monitor, RAM,
Hard disk, etc.
Basic Concepts

• Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure to solve a

problem.
• Code: Written instructions in a programming
language.
• Compiler/Interpreter: Translates code into a
format that the computer can execute.
• Debugging: Finding and fixing errors in the code.
 Python

Embedded C JavaScript

R Java

Programming
Languages

COBOL C

Fortran C++

Ruby
Hello World
Variables Example : Python
: Containers for storing data values.

Example : X = 5
Y = -19
Data Types

Data Types:

Integer: Float: Decimal Boolean:

Whole numbers String: Text True or False
numbers (e.g., (e.g., 3.14, - (e.g., "Hello") values
5, -3) 0.001)
Operators
Arithmetic Comparison Logical
Operators Operators Operators
• Addition (+): a + b • Equal to (==): a == b • and: a and b
• Subtraction (-): a - b • Not equal to (!=): a != b • or: a or b
• Multiplication (*): a * b • Greater than (>): a > b • not: not a
• Division (/): a / b • Less than (<): a < b
• Modulus (%): a % b • Greater than or equal to (>=):
• Exponentiation ()**: a ** b a >= b
• Less than or equal to (<=): a <=
b
Control Structures

Conditional Iterative
Statements statements

If else elif Switch for while do-while