CARDIOVASCULAR

SYSTEM
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2
 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
• The function of the cardiovascular system is to make
sure your body gets the oxygen, nutrients and other
things it needs and gets rid of things it doesn’t.

• The heart pumps 7,000 liters of blood through the body each
day, contracting some 2.5 billion times in an average lifetime.
• Some blood vessels (veins) bring blood to your heart, while
others (arteries) carry blood away from your heart. Your blood
vessels also take away waste (like carbon dioxide) from your
cells.
• Capillaries (tiniest tubes) are the sites of nutrient, electrolyte,
gas & waste exchange. Capillaries converge into venules, which in
turn converge into veins that return blood to the heart,
completing the closed system of blood circulation. These
structures – the pump & its vessels – form the cardiovascular
system.
 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

The cardiovascular system is

sometimes called the blood-vascular,
or simply the circulatory system. It
consists of the heart, which is a
muscular pumping device, and a closed
system of vessels called arteries,
veins, and capillaries.
Components of the
cardiovascular system

The cardiovascular system is the system responsible

for delivering blood to different parts of the body. It
consists of the following organs and tissues:

• The heart: A muscular pump that forces blood

around the body.
• A closed system of blood vessels:
These vessels include:
⚬ Arteries: Vessels that carry blood away from
the heart.
⚬ Veins: Vessels that bring blood back to the
heart.
⚬ Capillaries: Tiny vessels that branch off from
arteries to deliver blood to all body tissues.
Position of the
Heart in the
Thorax

The heart is located within

the thoracic cavity,
medially between the lungs
in the mediastinum. It is
about the size of a fist, is
broad at the top, and tapers
toward the base.
Shape and Size of the Heart
• The shape of the heart is similar to a pinecone, rather
broad at the superior surface and tapering to the apex.

• A typical heart is approximately the size of your

fist: 12 cm (5 in) in length, 8 cm (3.5 in)
wide, and 6 cm (2.5 in) in thickness.

• The weight of a female heart is approximately 250–

300 grams (9 to 11 ounces), and the weight
of a male heart is approximately 300–350 grams
(11 to 12 ounces).

• The heart of a well-trained athlete, especially one

specializing in aerobic sports, can be considerably larger
than this.
Two important
circulation processes
Pulmonary
circulation
• Eliminates carbon dioxide
and oxygenates blood
(lung pathway)

Systemic
circulation
• Delivers blood to all
body cells and carries
away waste
 Chambers and Circulation through the Heart

The human heart consists of four chambers: The left side and the
right side each have one atrium and on ventricle. Each of the upper
chambers, the right atrium (plural = atria) and the left atrium, acts
as a receiving chamber and contracts to push blood into the lower
chambers, the right ventricle and the left ventricle. The ventricles
serve as the primary pumping chambers of the heart, propelling
blood to the lungs or to the rest of the body.

The pulmonary circuit transports blood to and from the lungs,

where it picks up oxygen and delivers carbon dioxide for
exhalation. The systemic circuit transports oxygenated blood to
virtually all of the tissues of the body and returns relatively
deoxygenated blood and carbon dioxide to the heart to be sent
back to the pulmonary circulation.
 Structure of the Heart
Covering of the Heart
Fibrous pericardium
• Is dense connective tissue
• Attached to the central portion of the diaphragm, the posterior of the sternum, the vertebral
column, & the large blood vessels emerging from the heart.

Pericardial cavity
• Space b/w the parietal & visceral layers of pericardium that contains a small volume of serous
fluid
• This fluid reduces friction b/w the pericardial membranes as the heart moves within them.

Pericarditis
• Inflammation of the pericardium due to viral or bacterial infection produces adhesions that attach
the layers of the pericardium to each others.
• This condition is very painful & interferes with heart movements.
Surface Features of the Heart
 Surface Features of the Heart
• Inside the pericardium, the surface
features of the heart are visible,
including the four chambers. There is a
superficial leaf-like extension of the
atria near the superior surface of the
heart, one on each side, called an auricle
—a name that means “ear like”—
because its shape resembles the external
ear of a human.

• Auricles are relatively thin-walled

structures that can fill with blood and
empty into the atria or upper chambers
of the heart. You may also hear them
referred to as atrial appendages.
 KEY FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH 🫀

1. GENETICS - Family history of heart disease can increase risk due to inherited
traits. Genetic predispositions can influence conditions like high blood pressure or
cholesterol levels.

2. DIET- A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and
healthy fats is vital. Diets high in saturated fats, trans fats, and sugars can lead to
higher cholesterol levels and obesity.

3. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY- Regular exercise strengthens the heart muscle, improves

circulation, and helps maintain a healthy weight. Aim for at least 150 minutes of
moderate exercise per week.
 KEY FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH 🫀

5. SMOKING
- Tobacco use damages blood vessels and reduces oxygen in the blood, significantly
increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

6. ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
- Moderate alcohol consumption may have some heart benefits, but excessive
drinking can lead to high blood pressure and other cardiovascular issues.

7. WEIGHT MANAGEMENT- Maintaining a healthy weight reduces strain on the

heart. Obesity is a significant risk factor for heart disease, as it often leads to
diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.
 KEY FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH 🫀

7. STRESS MANAGEMENT
- Chronic stress can contribute to heart disease through increased heart rate and
blood pressure. Stress-reducing activities like meditation and deep breathing can
help.

8. SLEEP QUALITY
- Poor sleep or sleep disorders like sleep apnea can increase the risk of high blood
pressure and heart disease. Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep.

9. REGULAR HEALTH CHECK-UPS

- Monitoring blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood glucose can help detect
issues early and manage risks effectively.
 THE IMPACT OF
LIFESTYLE CHOICES
ON HEART DISEASE
DIETARY CHOICES

Diets high in saturated fat,

trans fats, and cholesterol
can lead to atherosclerosis,
where arteries narrow due
to plaque buildup,
increasing the risk of heart
attacks.
PHYSICAL
INACTIVITY

A sedentary lifestyle can lead

to obesity and related
conditions, such as diabetes,
which heightens the risk of
cardiovascular diseases.
SMOKING AND
DRINKING

Both habits contribute

to heart disease through
direct arterial damage
and by promoting other
risk factors like
hypertension and
diabetes.
STRESS
SLEEP DEPRIVATION
 Organs and Organ
Systems

BODY PRIORITIES INFORMATION ANALYSIS IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS

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Human Body Goals

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Important Data
Data 01
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Data 02
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Data 03
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 Phase 01 Phase 03 Phase 05 Phase 07

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Phase 02 Phase 04 Phase 06

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 TAKE CARE OF THE HUMAN FINAL CONCLUSION
BODY

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 Our Team

Claudia Alves Olivia Wilson Aaron Loeb

Lead Researcher Lead Researcher Lead Pharmacist
 Studio
Shodwe

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YOU
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