UNDERSTANDING READING

PASSAGES THROUGH
TEXTUAL AIDS
What can you see in the
pictures?
 WHAT ARE TEXTUAL AIDS?

•Textual aids are educational

instruments that simplify
comprehension of texts.
•They use graphical outlines
or images that give the
general idea of a topic.
Here is a teacher in Science, and she presents to her students
the life cycle of a butterfly. She just plainly reads the text, thus
her students get so bored. What other ways could she use to
make her lesson easier to understand?

A butterfly is a unique insect because it goes

through a metamorphosis. Butterflies begin as
small eggs. When they are born, they are
caterpillars and then change throughout their lives.
After a caterpillar is born, it eats a lot of food and
grows as fast as it can. Once it is big enough, it
forms weeks inside of the chrysalis as it grows.
When it is ready to emerge, the butterfly starts to
wiggle out. It spends time drying off its wings, and
then it is ready to flutter away as a full grown adult.
TEXTUAL AID OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF A BUTTERFLY
TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS

Concept Map
Concept maps are drawings
or diagrams used to help
individuals organize and
represent knowledge of a
subject.

Concept maps begin with a

main idea or concept and
then branch out to show how
that main idea can be broken
down into specific topics.
VENN DIAGRAM
A Venn Diagram is an
illustration that uses
circles to show the
relationships among
things or finite groups of
things. Circles that
overlap have a
commonality while the
circles that do not
overlap do not share
those traits.

Venn diagrams help to

visually represent the
similarities and
FISHBONE DIAGRAM A cause and effect diagram,
often called a “fishbone”
diagram, can help in
brainstorming to identify
possible causes of a problem
and in sorting ideas into
useful categories.
A fishbone is a visual way to
look at cause and effect
A fishbone diagram, as the
name suggests, mimics a fish
skeleton. The underlying
problem is placed as the fish’s
head and the causes extend
to the left as the bones of the
skeleton; the ribs branch off
TIMELINE

A timeline is the presentation of a

chronological sequence of events
along a drawn line that enables a
viewer to understand temporal
relationships quickly.

The term is also sometimes

extended to mean a chronological
that is tabular, year-by-year
paragraphs or purely conceptual.

Timelines are designed to provide a

broad overview of a sequence of
events in time. They don’t go into
detail, but links to events,
information and images may be
added as needed.

It consists of a horizontal bar or line

representing time progressing from
FLOW DIAGRAM/CHART
Flowcharts are used in
designing and documenting
simple processes or programs.
Like other types of diagrams,
they help visualize what is
going on and thereby help
understand a process, and
perhaps also find less-obvious
features within a process like
flaws and bottlenecks.

Flow charts is a graphical

representation of a process or
system that details the
sequencing of steps required
to create output.
G RA P H I C O R G A N I Z E R S

A Persuasion Map is an
interactive graphic organizer that
enables one to map out their
arguments for a persuasive essay
or a debate.

A writer could begin by

determining their goals or thesis.
Then they identify three main
reasons to support their
argument, and three facts or
examples to validate each reason
GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS

A CHARACTER MAP is a graphic

organizer that helps a person to learn
about a character and how the
character impacts and is impacted by
the setting, other character, and plot.

Using a CHARACTER MAP, a person

lists or describes different aspects of
a character such as the characters
physical appearance, actions, what
he/she thinks or believes, and how
others interact with him/her.
 G RA P H S

Pie Graph

BAR GRAPH
Line
Graph
GRAPHS are textual aids that present a visual
comparison of data and information in bar, pie, line
or picture format.
Picto Graph
Its purpose is to present facts and figures to be
 PERFORMANCE TASK
• INSTRUCTIONS: Our battle against CoViD 19 is far from over.
Though we are almost at the point of achieving Herd
Immunity, let us not cease informing our community in
fighting against it. Make a poster using the appropriate
TEXTUAL AID that focuses in preventing the spread of this
health menace. Be sure to POST your Posters in your
community. Be guided by
CRITERIA
this criteria for grading your
POINTS
Posters.
USE OF APPROPRIATE TEXTUAL AIDS FOR 40
INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
PIECES OF INFORMATION ARE RELEVANT, and TIMELY 30

ARTISTRY and UNIQUENESS in Poster Presentation 20

Mechanics of Good Writing are Evident 10

 ACTIVITY: WHAT’S APPROPRIATE?

• Instructions: Read the given text, then make a textual aid that could be used to represent it.
• A. HOW TO PREVENT BULLYING
• *Help kids understand bullying. Talk about what bullying is and
how to stand up to it safely. Tell kids bullying in unacceptable. Make
sure that kids know how to get help.
• *Keep the lines of communication open. Check in with kids
often. Know their friends, ask about school, and understand their
concerns.
• *Encourage kids to do what they love. Special activities,
interests, and hobbies can boost confidence, help kids make friends,
and protect them from bullying behavior.
• *Model how to treat others with kindness and respect.
•

• B. WHY FRIENDSHIPS END

• Many situations can cause a friendship to end. One of those

situations happens when a friend moves away and makes new friends;
as a result, his or her old friends are often forgotten. Furthermore,
busy schedules can cause friendship to end. It is hard to spend time
with a friend if one is busy with school, work and other
responsibilities. Another reason is the two friends no longer have
anything in common or do not like choices one of them has made.
Perhaps one friend is interested in sports or movies or is spending too
much time on social media and does not give time to be with his or
her friends. In addition, sometimes friendship ends because of lack of
communication. If one friend never calls or e-mails, the friendship
ultimately fades and dies. Perhaps the main cause is fight. If two
friends fight and do not make up or cannot forgive each other, there is
no reason to be friends anymore. In those, situations, the friends drift
apart. Friends may come and go in everyone’s lives, but no matter
how long they are in them, friends leave a lasting impression.
• C.

• Hot drinks such as coffee and tea are served in cups, but
there’s a great deal of difference between types of containers
you’ll sip your drink from. For example, China cups and paper
cups from a coffee bar will hold your hot drink without any
problems. However, that’s where the similarities between
them end. Fine China cups often are works of art, featuring
beautiful designs and colors. They are often valuable, worth
significant amount of money. They often have sentimental
value as well, as many keepsakes, handed down from
generation to generation. Paper cups however, are plain,
undecorated containers; they’re just intended to do a job.
They worth only a few pesos each, and we usually throw them
away or recycle them when we are done using them. Whether
we use fine China or paper cups for our morning drinks, for
many of us the quality of the beverage inside them is more