EEE 4111 Lecture 5

EEE 4181
Microwave & Antenna Engineering
Md. Shamim
MICROWAVE Hossain
ENGINEERING
Lecturer
Dept. of EEE, PUST

CAVITY RESONATOR

Massachusetts Institute of Technology RF Cavities and Components for Accelerators USPAS 2010
 Rectangular Cavity Resonator

 What is cavity resonator? Where does it use?

 How does a waveguide cavity work as resonant circuit?

 Fields inside a rectangular cavity resonator, dominant mode

 Q factor of cavity resonator.

M. M. ALI 1
 Rectangular Cavity Resonator

The cavity resonator works as resonant circuit and is obtained

from a section of rectangular waveguide closed by two
additional highly conducting metal plates.

d  p g / 2,
M. M. ALI 2
Massachusetts Institute of Technology RF Cavities and Components for Accelerators USPAS 2010
 Rectangular Cavity Resonator

Applications
Cavity resonators are used:
1) as oscillators to generate microwave signals
2)as filters to separate a signal at a given frequency
3)in equipment such as radar, satellite communication,
microwave ovens etc
4)To measure the frequency of microwave signals

M. M. ALI 3
 Rectangular Cavity Resonator

Wave equation:

 E   E 0
2 2

Boundary conditions:

E z 0 at x 0 , a and y 0, b
E z E z
Ex  0, E y  0 at z 0, d
z z

M. M. ALI 4
 Rectangular Cavity Resonator

TMmnp Wave:

 m   n   p 
E z Eoz sin  x  sin  y  cos z
 a   b   d 

TEmnp Wave:
 m   n   p 
H z H oz cos x  cos y  sin  z
 a   b   d 

M. M. ALI 5
 Rectangular Cavity Resonator

 E z j H z
E x  2
 2
h x h y
 E z j H z
E y  2  2
h y h x
j E z  H z
Hx  2  2
h y h x
j E z  H z
H y  2  2
h x h y
M. M. ALI 6
 Rectangular Cavity Resonator

TMmnp Wave:

 m   n   p 
E z Eoz sin  x  sin  y  cos z
 a   b   d 
 1 m p m n p
 E x  h 2 ( a )( d ) E0 z cos( a x) sin( b y ) sin( d z )

 E  1 ( n )( p ) E sin( m x) cos( n y ) sin( p z )
 y h b2
d
0z
a b d

 H  j ( n ) E sin( m x) cos( n y ) cos( p z )
 x h 2
b
0z
a b d
 j m m n p
 H y  2 ( ) E0 z cos( x) sin( y ) cos( z)
 h a a b d
M. M. ALI 7
 Rectangular Cavity Resonator

TEmnp Wave:
 m   n   p 
H z H oz cos x  cos y  sin  z
 a   b   d 
 j n m n p
 E x  h 2 ( b ) H 0 z cos( a x) sin( b y ) sin( d z )

 E  j ( m ) H sin( m x) cos( n y ) sin( p z )
 y h 2
a
0z
a b d

 H  1 ( m )( p ) H sin( m x) cos( n y ) cos( p z )
 x h2 a d
0z
a b d
 1 n p m n p
 H y  2 ( )( ) H 0 z cos( x) sin( y ) cos( z)
 h b d a b d
M. M. ALI 8
 Rectangular Cavity Resonator

2 2
 m   n 
h     
2 2 2
  
 a   b 

m, n, and p are the number of half cycle of the

waves along x, y, and z axes.

For TM wave neither m nor n =0, but p can be 0.

For TE wave p≠0, either m or n =0, but not both.

M. M. ALI 9
 Rectangular Cavity Resonator

The of new set of conducting plates introduce a condition for

standing waves in the z-direction which leads to the following
oscillation frequencies.
2 2 2
1  m  n   p 
fr       
 2 a 2b
     2 d 

1
r  .
2 2 2
 m  n   p 
     
 2a   2b   2d 
The high-pass behavior of the rectangular wave guide is modified
into a very narrow pass-band behavior, since cut-off frequencies
of the wave guide are transformed into oscillation frequencies of
the resonator.
M. M. ALI 10
 Rectangular Cavity Resonator

The wave with lowest resonance frequency is called

the dominant mode and the waves with same
resonance frequency are called degenerative
modes.

For d>a>b, the dominant mode is TE101.

For a>b>d, the dominant mode is TM110.

M. M. ALI 11
 Rectangular Cavity Resonator

Excitation method:

Excitation with a dipole antenna Excitation with a loop antenna

M. M. ALI 12
 Rectangular Cavity Resonator

The quality factor is in general a measure of the

ability of a resonator to store energy in relation to
time-average power dissipation. Specifically, the Q
of a resonator is defined as

W=We + Wm

Note that the the time-average electric and magnetic

energies are precisely equal. Physically, over a period, it is
shared equally between the electric and magnetic forms.
M. M. ALI 13
 Rectangular Cavity Resonator

For dominant mode TE101

    
 H z H oz cos a x  sin  d z 
    
 j   
 E y  2 ( ) H 0 z sin( x) sin( z )
 h a a d
 1    
 H x  h 2 ( a )( d ) H 0 z sin( a x) cos( d z )


 2  2 2
W   E dv Wm  { H x  H y }dv
e 4 y 4

M. M. ALI 14
 Rectangular Cavity Resonator

At resonance
 2 a2
W= H 0 z abd ( 2  1)
8 d
Rs H 02z d 2  a a2 2b a 3 
P  ( 2  1)  ( 3  1)
4 d d d d 
f101 abd (a 2  d 2 )
 QTE101 
Rs [2b(a 3  d 3 )  ad (a 2  d 2 )]
 ( f r ) TM  0 abd (a 2  b 2 )
QTM 110  110

Rs [2d (a 3  d 3 )  ab(a 2  b 2 )]
M. M. ALI 15
 Rectangular Cavity Resonator

Answer:

M. M. ALI 16
 Rectangular Cavity Resonator

Answer: (a) TM110 (b) TE101 (c) TM110 TE101 TE011 degenerate mode

Answer: (a) TM110 TE101 TE011 degenerate mode, a=21.2 cm (b) 10700.

M. M. ALI 17