KENDRIYA VIDAYALAYA SANGATHAN

ANALYTICAL PARAGRAPH
WRITING SKILLS SECTION
CLASS X

SUB – ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

 CONTENTS
1. What is Data Interpretation
2. Why Data Interpretation
3. Types of Data Interpretation
4. Writing an Analytical Paragraph
5. Marking Scheme
6. Grammatical Accuracy
7. Types of Analytical Paragraph
1. Floor Plan
2. Maps
3. Pie Charts
4. Bar Graph
5. Tables
6. Line Charts
1.What is data interpretation?
1.Data Interpretation or DI refers to the implementation of procedures
through which data is reviewed for the purpose of arriving at an
inference.
2.The interpretation of data assigns a meaning to the information
analyzed and determines its significance and implications.
3. Data can be provided in a number of formats viz: Bars, tables,
line
graphs, pie graphs.
2. Why do we need data interpretation?
a) prepare result analysis/class performance
b) as business indicators
c) for annual reports etc.
3.Data Interpretation Types
a) maps
b) charts
c) tables
d) graphs/ line chart
e) pie charts
f) bar graphs/histographs
g) floor plan
h) process diagram
i) radar/web
j) caselet form
4. How to write Data Interpretation
• A detailed study of the data provided must be done.
• The gist of the data and its subject must be understood.
• While writing the analytical details, care should be taken not to
provide the exact replica of figures, percentages, etc. One needs
to present language skills while providing a description and
avoid quoting of mathematical expression.
• The answer should be either in a single or in 3/4 paragraphs.
• To contain within the specified word limit, if the provided
data is in excess, use conjunctions to build long and effective
sentences.
• Grammatical accuracy along with non-repetition of the
same vocabulary/sentences must be maintained.
5.Marking Scheme
Full Marks 10
Format- 2 marks
Content- 4marks
(Credit is given for
creativity in
presentation of
ideas)
Expression- 4marks
(grammatical accuracy, coherence, appropriate vocabulary,
organizing thoughts)
Word Limit-150 words
6. FOR GRAMMATICAL ACCURACY

a) The passive form

The passive form is often used in this type of writing task, as we do
not know who is planning these changes. For example:
The park is located west of the village. The playground will be built in
the south-west part of the park. A flower garden will be created east
of the playground.
b) Tenses
Use a range of tenses. As you may compare the present with future
plans, show your ability to use theses times: For example:
Currently, there is a traffic-free zone in the center of the park. This
zone will be expanded to the west area of the park.
In 2014, there was a train station located in the north-east of the
region. Currently, this station is now based in south of the village.

When making recent comparisons, it’s useful to employ the

present
perfect simple: for example :
A new hospital has been constructed in the east of the village.
There have been two new roads built around the border of the
town.
c) Clauses-examples:
To the south of the river, a new hotel has been
constructed.Greystones, which has a population of 50,000, is
situated south of Dublin on the seaside.
7. 1 Floor Plan of a building.
SYNTAX AND GRAMMAR
In this type of task we need to use both present tense and future
tense to explain the present planning and the future planning.
We need prepositions to indicate locations.

Expressions for Present plan

Expressions for Future Plan (some are in passive voice)

Writing Layout-Skeleton
a)We should have an introduction in which we will elaborate the
task/question
b) Next we should write an overview (general impressions)
c) Body (2 paragraphs)
d) Language-logical, technical, lexicon and syntax to be taken care
of.
Model Answer- Muscles, Skin and Final shape
7.2 Maps
The diagram will be of a building, street, village, city or town plan that may
ask you to contrast the past and present, or the present and future. There
will also be a key that explains different locations on the map or a
reference to roads and routes. You are expected to write a 150-word
description of the information on the map, which will probably include
buildings, routes or proposed changes for the future.
a) Coherence
The use of connectors, such as First of all, In addition to and To summarise,
are important to maintain coherence and a logical flow of ideas in your work.

Other useful structures would be; opposite, in front of, on the right, to the
north, to the south, etc.

b) Language
In your initial paragraph, you can use verbs such as show,
demonstrate or illustrate. For example:
This map illustrates plans to change the green area into a playground for
children.

Of course, try to use synonyms to add variety to your use of language.

Synonyms of illustrate are highlight, indicate or demonstrate.

This map highlights a project to transform the green park into a play area for
children.
To describe location, employ useful prepositions:

There is a large residential area between the small lake and the park.
A road runs alongside the border of the park.

As we are describing a map or plan, it is essential to use compass points to

describe direction. For example:

This plan proposes to build a playground in the south-west part of the park.
The airport is currently located north-east of the town. It will be moved to the
west of the park where there is more space.

A lot of other useful vocabulary for maps or plans includes town centre,
residential area, roads, routes, railway station and traffic-free zone.

Where possible, use synonyms to avoid repetition.

TIP: Comparisons, and superlatives are also valuable points winners!

There are three types of map questions:

1. Describe one map in the present day.

2. Describe two maps- one in the present and one in the future.

3. Describe two maps- one in the past and one in the present.
 Study the map below.

To describe two maps follow a four paragraph structure.

Paragraph 1- Paraphrase Sentence

Paraphrase question using synonyms.

Paragraph 2- Overview
Make two general statements about the map and write about the most
noticeable differences between the two maps.
Ask yourself the following questions to identify general changes:
• Is the map more or less residential?
• Is there more or less countryside?
• Are there more or less trees?
• Were the changes dramatic or negligible?
• Were there any major improvements in infrastructure?
• How have the buildings and leisure facilities changed?

Paragraph 3/4 Main Body Three to four sentences about specific changes
that have occurred.
How to Describe Specific Changes
The various buildings and features will normally be labelled for you.
What you need to work on is how to write about how they have
changed from the past up until the present day.
Buildings– demolished, knocked-down, flattened, replaced,
renovated, built, constructed, reconstructed, developed, extended,
expanded, relocated, converted and modernized.
Trees and Forests- cleared, cut-down, chopped-down, removed,
planted.
Roads, bridges and railways lines- constructed, built,
extended, expanded and removed.
Roads, bridges and railways lines- constructed, built,

extended, expanded and removed.

How to Describe General Changes

1. Over the period, the area witnessed dramatic changes.

2. From 1995 to 2005, the city centre saw spectacular

developments.
3. The village changed considerably over the time period.

4. During the 10 year period, the industrial area was totally

transformed.
5. Over the past 20 years, the residential area was totally

reconstructed.

6. Over the time period, the old docks were totally

redeveloped.

7. Between 1995 and 2005, the old houses were

rebuilt.

8. The central business district was completely modernised

during the time period.

How to Describe Locations

Examples:
1. The forest to the south of the river was cut down.

2. A golf course was constructed to the north of the

airport.

3. The houses in the south-west of the town were

demolished.

4. The green fields to the north-west of the city

were redeveloped as a park.

5. The airport in the centre of the city was

relocated to the north-east of the river.

6. The school to the south-east was knocked down and a

new one built to the east of the forest.

You will require prepositions of place,

e.g. at/in/on/by/beside/to/off/from, to describe where

things are. Examples:

1. Dramatic changes took place in the city centre.

2. To the south of the town, there is a golf

course surrounded by trees.

3. A new school was built next to the

swimming pool.

4. The old road running from north to south was replaced

by a new motorway.

5. A marina was built on the banks of the river.

There are two maps of an island showing the changes due to the construction

of some tourist facilities. Analyze the changes and write a paragraph .

Model Answer

Both maps display an island, before and after it was developed for tourism.

The island is approximately 250 meters long, has palm trees dotted around it,
is surrounded by ocean and has a beach to the west. Over the period, the
island was completely transformed with the addition of a hotel and a pier;
however, the eastern part of the island appears to have been left
undeveloped.

The most noticeable additions are the hotel rooms. 6 buildings, surrounding
some trees, have been built in the west of the island and 9 buildings have
been constructed in the centre of the island. Between the two
accommodation areas, a reception building and a restaurant have been
developed.

A pier has also been built on the south coast of the island, allowing yachts
access to the resort. Apart from the trees, the beach remains the only natural
feature to remain relatively untouched; however, it does appear that it is now
used for swimming.

(160 words)
7.3 PIE CHART
Answers to exercises on pie chart
MODEL ANSWER
7.4 BAR GRAPHS

WORKSHEETS
MODEL ANSWER
7.5 Line Charts
A line chart is used to represent data over a continuous time span.
It is generally used to show trend of a measure (or a variable) over
time. Data values are plotted as points that are connected using
line segments.
The graph below shows how people buy music. Summarise
the information by selecting and reporting the main
features, and make comparisons where relevant.
 MODEL ANSWER

The graph illustrates trends in music buying habits between

2011 and 2018. It presents three different methods:
streaming, downloading and buying CDs.

Overall, both downloads and physical sales of music have

steadily declined. The latter has slumped since 2011, while the
downturn for the former began in 2014. However, there has
been a sharp rise in people streaming music since 2013.

In 2011, the majority of music sales were of CDs, at 55% of all

sales. In contrast, streaming was not common at all at only
5%. Also, although people had started to download music, it
only represented 35% of sales. As sales of CDs began to fall,
downloads started to rise. They rose steadily and downloads
overtook physical sales in mid-2013. During the same period,
streaming doubled to 10% but then it started to grow more
dramatically.

Downloads peaked in 2014 at about 43% of sales but fell to

30% by 2018. This was slightly higher than physical sales,
which shrank to 25%. Streaming, on the other hand, overtook
both of them and accounted for just over 40% of sales in
2018.
Tips

1. Change the words in the question to introduce your answer, e.g. This graph
shows = This graph illustrates.

2. The second paragraph should give an overview of the main points the
graph shows (imagine you're describing the results to someone who can't
see the graph).

3. The following paragraphs should describe the main patterns or trends in

more detail.

4. Use precise vocabulary like steadily declined and a sharp increase to describe
trends. Use linking expressions like while and in contrast to make
comparisons.

5. The question asks you only to 'Summarise the information'. Don't give reasons
why these trends might have occurred, or your personal preferences on the
topic.
7.6 TABLES

TASK 1
TASK 2

ANSWERS
TASK 1

TASK 2
MODEL ANSWER

SOURCES:

BRITISH COUNCIL ONLINE RESOURCES

IELTS ONLINE RESOURCES

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