NeTWORK
HARDWARE
AND
SOFTWARE Presented by
Mohammad Afreen
NETWORKING
Definition:
Connect devices, share resource is called
networking
Networks are two Types:
Hardware
Software
Networking hardware
• Routers
Direct data across networks.
• Switches
Connect devices in a network.
• Access Points
Enable wireless connections.
2
Network software
• Operating Systems
Manage network services.
• Protocols
Define data transmission rules.
• Management Tools
Monitor and secure networks.
Networking Topologies
The Structure of network is consider as Topology.
There are Five types of Topologies:
Bus Topology
A bus topology is a type of local area network (LAN)
in which all devices are connected to a single
backbone or main line, called a bus. This single
cable or fiber optic link acts as a communication
pathway, allowing data to be transmitted between
devices.
Ring Topology
A ring topology diagram is a network configuration where devices are
connected in a circular manner, forming a loop. Each device is linked
to two other devices, one at the left and one at the right, creating a
continuous chain. This topology is often used in storage area
networks (SANs) and local area networks (LANs). Ring topology
diagrams are reliable, efficient, and easy to manage, as signals
traverse the network in one direction, eliminating errors caused by
collisions
Star Topology
A star topology diagram is a network configuration where multiple
devices or nodes are connected to a central device, known as a hub or
switch. In this design, each node is connected to the hub or switch with a
single cable, forming a star pattern. The hub or switch serves as the
central connection point, allowing all nodes to communicate with each
other. Star topologies are commonly used in local area networks (LANs)
and are known for their simplicity, scalability, and ease of installation.
They are also ideal for environments where a single point of failure is not
a concern.
Mesh Topology
A mesh topology diagram is a network diagram that represents a
mesh topology, a type of network architecture where each device
(node) is connected to every other device by a unique link or cable.
In a mesh topology, each node has a dedicated link to every other
node, allowing data to be transmitted between any two nodes.
Hybrid Topology
A hybrid topology diagram is a graphical representation of a network
infrastructure that combines elements from multiple network
topologies, such as bus, star, and ring topologies. This design allows
for greater flexibility and scalability, as different parts of the network
can be optimized for specific requirements.
Types of Networking
There are Three types of networks :
• LAN (local Area Network)
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
• WAN (Wide Area Network)
LAN
[Link] Resource Sharing: LANs enable the sharing of resources such as printers, file storage, and
internet access among connected devices, optimizing resource utilization within a specific geographic
area.
[Link]-Speed Data Transfer: LANs provide high-speed data transfer rates, facilitating fast
communication and data access among connected devices, leading to improved productivity and
operational efficiency.
[Link] Data Management: Through the use of servers, LANs enable centralized data
management, simplifying data storage, backup, and access within the network, enhancing data
security and accessibility.
[Link] Collaboration: LANs support shared access to files, documents, and applications, fostering
real-time communication and collaboration among devices, thereby promoting teamwork and
productivity.
MAN
[Link]-Effective Setup and Maintenance: LANs offer a cost-effective network solution for small to
medium-sized organizations,
[Link] Coverage: ensuring
A MAN coversefficient
a largerconnectivity and resource
geographic area sharing
than a Local Areawithin a specific
Network (LAN)
geographical
but is smallerarea
than a Wide Area Network (WAN), typically spanning across a city or metropolitan
region.
[Link] Subnetworks: MANs interconnect multiple LANs and other network devices within a
city, enabling seamless communication and data transfer over an extended area.
[Link]-Speed Connectivity: MANs provide high-speed data transfer, facilitating efficient
communication and resource sharing among interconnected LANs and devices across the
metropolitan area.
[Link] for Urban Connectivity: MANs are well-suited for urban environments, providing reliable and
high-bandwidth connectivity for businesses, educational institutions, and public services within a
city or town.
[Link] and Flexibility: MANs offer scalability to accommodate organizational growth and
flexibility to meet the diverse networking requirements of businesses and institutions across a
metropolitan
WAN area.
[Link] Geographic Reach: WANs enable communication and data sharing across large
geographical areas, connecting computers and devices in different cities, countries, and continents,
facilitating collaboration on a global scale.
[Link] Sharing: WANs allow organizations to share resources such as hardware, software, and
data among multiple locations, promoting efficiency and cost savings while providing centralized
access to critical resources.
[Link] Management: By connecting multiple LANs through a WAN, organizations can
centralize the management of their IT infrastructure, simplifying administration, updates, and
maintenance while reducing the workload on local IT staff.
[Link] Productivity: WANs enhance productivity by enabling remote work, facilitating real-time
communication, and streamlining business processes, as employees can access necessary
information and resources from anywhere within the network.
[Link]: WANs can accommodate growth and expansion by easily integrating new locations,
devices, and users into the existing network infrastructure, allowing organizations to adapt to
changing business needs without significant disruptions or investments.
Conclusion
Synergy
Hardware and software work together.
Arrangement
Topologies define device layout.
Scale
LAN, WAN, MAN cover different sizes.
THANK YOU
