UIT 2305
INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
UNIT 1
DIGITAL TRANSMISSION AND CODING
Session Meta Data
Author C. ANNADURAI
Version No 1
Release Date 04-09-2023
Reviewer
Pulse Code Modulation
Session objectives
To introduce the concept of pulse code modulation
To learn the concept of line coding schemes
To understand differential pulse code modulation
Session outcomes
At the end of the session, students will be able to
Understand the concept pulse code modulation
To learn the concept of line coding schemes
To understand differential pulse code modulation
Outline
Pulse code modulation
Concept of line coding schemes
Advantages of PCM
Differential pulse code modulation
Pulse code modulation (PCM)
• Having sampled an analog message signal, the next
step in its digital transmission is the generation of a
coded version (digital representation) of the signal.
• Pulse code modulation (PCM) provides one method for
accomplishing such a requirement.
• In this method, the message signal is sampled and the
amplitude of each sample is rounded off
(approximated) to the nearest discrete level and is
transmitted by means of a digital (coded) waveform.
PCM system
Source : Communication Systems, Simon Haykin
Understanding PCM
Source : Principles of Communication Systems, Taub & Schilling
Encoding
• To translate the discrete set of sample values to a more
appropriate form signal encoding is used.
• A particular arrangement of symbols used in a code to
represent a single value of the discrete set is called a
code word or character.
• In a binary code, each symbol may be either of two
distinct values or kinds, such as the presence or
absence of pulse.
• Two symbols of a binary code are customarily denoted
as 0 and 1.
Encoding – Line Codes
Source : Communication Systems, Simon Haykin
Encoding – Line Codes
Source : Communication Systems, Simon Haykin
PCM System
PCM - Advantages
1. ruggedness to transmission noise and interference
2. efficient regeneration of the coded signal along the
transmission path
3. the potential for communication privacy and security
through use of encryption
4. the possibility of a uniform format for different kinds
of baseband signals.
Summary
Pulse code modulation
Concept of line coding schemes
Advantages of PCM
Test Your Understanding
With a neat block diagram explain the operation of
pulse code modulation.
References
1. Proakis.J.G, Salehi.M, Fundamentals of Communication
Systems, Pearson Education, Second Edition, 2006.
2. S. Haykin, “Digital Communications”, John Wiley, 2005.
3. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106106097/pdf/
Lecture08_SamplingTheorem.pdf
4. B. P. Lathi and Zhi Ding,“Modern Digital and Analog
Communication Systems”, 4th Edition, OxfordUniversity Press.
2017
