Cloud Computing

{Module-III}

By Surabika Hota
Asst Prof(CSE)
GIFT Autonomous College, BBSR
 Python runtime environment

• A Python runtime environment refers to the software and

resources required to execute Python programs.
• It includes the necessary components to interpret and run
Python code, such as the Python interpreter, standard
libraries, and additional dependencies.
• Python runtime environment combines the necessary
software components and configurations to execute Python
code and provides a foundation for developing and running
Python applications.
Key components of python runtime
environment
• Python Interpreter: The Python interpreter is the core component that executes Python code. It reads the Python
source code, interprets it, and produces the desired output.

• Python Standard Library: Python comes with a comprehensive standard library that provides a wide range of modules
and packages for various tasks. These modules offer functionalities for file I/O, networking, data manipulation, web
development, and more.

• Third-Party Packages: Python has a vast ecosystem of third-party libraries and packages developed by the community.
These packages extend the functionality of Python by providing additional tools, frameworks, and utilities for specific
purposes, such as data analysis, machine learning, web scraping, etc. Examples of popular third-party package
managers include pip (the default package manager for Python) and conda (commonly used for scientific computing).

• Virtual Environments: Virtual environments allow you to create isolated Python environments with specific package
dependencies. This is useful when you're working on multiple projects that require different package versions or when
you want to avoid conflicts between packages. Popular virtual environment tools for Python include virtualenv and
conda environments.

• Integrated Development Environment (IDE) or Text Editor: While not strictly part of the Python runtime environment,
an IDE or text editor is often used to write, edit, and manage Python code. Some popular choices for Python
development include PyCharm, Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text, and Atom.

• Operating System and Hardware: Python can run on various operating systems such as Windows, macOS, and Linux.
The runtime environment also relies on the underlying hardware infrastructure, including CPU, memory, and storage,
to execute Python programs efficiently.
Data Store in Python Runtime
Environment
• File System: Python allows you to read from and write to files on your computer's
file system using functions like open(), read(), and write(). This is useful for handling
text files, CSV files, JSON files, and other file-based data.

• Relational Databases: Python provides libraries like SQLite3 and connectors for
popular databases such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Oracle. You can use these
libraries to interact with relational databases, execute SQL queries, and manage data
stored in tables.

• NoSQL Databases: Python also offers libraries and connectors for various NoSQL
databases like MongoDB, Redis, and Cassandra. These libraries allow you to work
with non-relational data models, such as key-value stores, document databases, and
columnar databases.

• Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) Libraries: ORMs like SQLAlchemy provide a

higher-level abstraction to interact with databases. They allow you to define Python
classes that map to database tables, and perform operations like querying, inserting,
updating, and deleting records using Python code.
Development Workflow in Python Runtime
Environment
• Code Editors and IDEs: You can use code editors or integrated development environments (IDEs) like PyCharm,
Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text, or Atom to write, edit, and manage your Python code. These tools provide
features like syntax highlighting, code completion, debugging, and version control integration to enhance your
development experience.

• Version Control: Version control systems like Git enable you to track changes to your codebase, collaborate with
others, and manage different versions of your project. You can use Git commands or graphical interfaces like
GitKraken, SourceTree, or GitHub Desktop to interact with repositories.

• Package Management: Python uses package managers like pip (for libraries from the Python Package Index) and
conda (for managing packages and environments) to install, upgrade, and remove third-party libraries and
dependencies. You can specify package requirements in a requirements.txt file or a conda.yaml file to ensure
consistent environments across different machines.

• Virtual Environments: As mentioned earlier, virtual environments help create isolated Python environments with
specific package versions. Tools like virtualenv and conda environments enable you to create, activate, and
manage virtual environments, ensuring project dependencies are contained and separate from the system Python
environment.

• Testing and Debugging: Python offers frameworks like unittest, pytest, and doctest for writing automated tests to
verify the correctness of your code. Integrated debugging tools in IDEs allow you to set breakpoints, inspect
variables, and step through your code to identify and fix issues.

• Documentation and Collaboration: Documenting your code using tools like Sphinx or MkDocs helps generate
project documentation and API references. Collaboration platforms like GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket facilitate
code sharing, issue tracking, and pull request reviews to collaborate with other developers.
Few trending terms regarding Cloud
computing technology
• vmWare
• vmWare Horizon
• vmWare MultiCloud Environment
• Tanzu
Windows AZURE Platform- PaaS
• Windows Azure, now known as Microsoft Azure, is a
cloud computing platform and service provided by
Microsoft.
• It offers a wide range of cloud-based services,
including virtual machines, storage, databases,
networking, analytics, machine learning, and more.
• Microsoft Azure is known for its scalability, reliability,
and extensive global network of data centers, making
it a popular choice for businesses of all sizes looking
to leverage cloud computing capabilities.
Services & Key components of Azure
1. Virtual Machines: Azure provides virtual machines (VMs) that allow you to run applications and
services in the cloud. You can choose from a variety of preconfigured VM sizes and operating
systems.
2. Azure App Service: It is a platform for building, deploying, and scaling web and mobile applications.
It supports various programming languages and frameworks such as .NET, Java, Python, Node.js,
and PHP.
3. Azure Storage: It offers scalable and durable cloud storage for various data types, including files,
blobs, tables, and queues. Azure Storage provides high availability and redundancy for data storage
needs.
4. Azure SQL Database: This is a fully managed relational database service that allows you to build,
scale, and manage applications with SQL Server. It offers built-in high availability and automatic
backups.
5. Azure Cosmos DB: It is a globally distributed, multi-model database service designed for low latency
and high scalability. Cosmos DB supports various data models such as key-value, document, graph,
and column-family.
6. Azure Networking: Azure provides virtual networks, load balancers, VPN gateways, and other
networking services to create secure and isolated environments for your applications.
7. Azure Active Directory (Azure AD): It is a cloud-based identity and access management service that
enables single sign-on and centralized user management for applications and services.
8. Azure Functions: It is a serverless computing service that allows you to run event-driven code in the
cloud. You can write functions in various programming languages and trigger them based on events.
9. Azure AI and Machine Learning: Azure offers a range of services for artificial intelligence (AI) and
machine learning (ML) applications, including pre-built AI models, cognitive services, and
infrastructure for training and deploying ML models.
10.Azure DevOps: It is a set of development tools and services that facilitate collaboration, continuous
integration, and continuous delivery (CI/CD) for software development teams.
Windows Azure & SQL Azure

1. Windows Azure (now known as Microsoft Azure):

 It is a cloud computing platform that offers a wide range of services and
resources for building, deploying, and managing applications and services in the
cloud.
 Windows Azure provides infrastructure services like virtual machines, storage,
networking, and platform services like Azure App Service, Azure Functions, Azure
AI, and more.

2. SQL Azure (now known as Azure SQL Database):

 It is a cloud-based relational database service offered by Azure.
 SQL Azure allows you to create and manage databases in the cloud
without the need to set up and maintain the underlying
infrastructure.
 It offers the same core features and capabilities as traditional on-
premises SQL Server databases but with the benefits of scalability,
high availability, and easy management provided by Azure.
Key components of SQL Azure
• Fully Managed: SQL Azure is a fully managed service, which means that Microsoft
takes care of the infrastructure maintenance, backups, and patching, allowing you to
focus on your application and data.
• Scalability: SQL Azure offers elastic scalability, allowing you to scale up or down the
performance and storage resources based on your application's needs. You can
easily increase the resources as your workload grows or scale down during periods
of low activity.
• High Availability: SQL Azure provides built-in high availability with automatic
backups, geo-replication, and point-in-time restore capabilities. It ensures that your
databases are protected and accessible even in the event of hardware failures or
disasters.
• Compatibility: SQL Azure is compatible with SQL Server, which means that you can
migrate your existing SQL Server databases to Azure with minimal changes. It
supports most of the Transact-SQL (T-SQL) language and offers compatibility levels
for different SQL Server versions.
• Security: SQL Azure includes robust security features, such as data encryption at rest
and in transit, firewall rules, authentication options, and integration with Azure
Active Directory for identity management.
• Integration with Azure Services: SQL Azure seamlessly integrates with other Azure
services, allowing you to build end-to-end solutions. For example, you can use Azure
Functions, Azure Logic Apps, or Azure Data Factory to automate workflows or
process data in conjunction with your SQL Azure databases.
Windows Azure AppFabric

• AppFabric is a set of hosted services and acts as

middleware between Azure applications.
• Windows Azure AppFabric provides a comprehensive
cloud middleware platform for developing, deploying and
managing applications on the Windows Azure Platform.
• It delivers additional developer productivity adding in
higher-level Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) capabilities on
top of the familiar Windows Azure application model.
• It also enables bridging the existing applications to the
cloud through secure connectivity across network and
geographic boundaries, and by providing a consistent
development model for both Windows Azure and
Windows Server"
AppFabric Services
1. Service Bus: Provided messaging capabilities to enable communication between
distributed applications or services. It supported various communication patterns, such as
relayed messaging, brokered messaging, and publish/subscribe.

2. Access Control Service (ACS): Offered a way to authenticate and authorize access to
applications and services. It provided a simple way to manage identity and access control
policies for cloud-based applications.

3. Caching: Provided a distributed, in-memory caching solution that allowed applications to

cache frequently accessed data. This helped improve performance and reduce the load on
backend systems.

4. Integration Service: The Integration service provides BizTalk Server

integration capabilities, integration patterns to ease development. It also
provides Business Activity Monitoring and Rules as well as trading partner
portal and enabling business to business pipelines.

5. Composite App: Enabled the composition of multiple services into a single logical unit,
allowing developers to build complex, multi-tier applications in the cloud.
Keypoints to note-

• It is important to note that as of November 2017, Microsoft announced the

retirement of Windows Azure AppFabric, and the service was officially
decommissioned on September 30, 2018.
• While Windows Azure AppFabric is no longer available, Microsoft has introduced
alternative services and platforms in its Azure ecosystem that offer similar
functionalities.
• For messaging and communication, Azure Service Bus and Azure Event Grid are
commonly used.
• Azure Active Directory (AD) has replaced ACS for identity and access management,
and Azure Cache for Redis is a popular choice for distributed caching.
• Azure Logic Apps and Azure Functions provide options for building composite
applications and workflows.
Salesforce.com

• Salesforce.com, commonly known as Salesforce, is a cloud-based customer

relationship management (CRM) platform that provides a suite of business
applications focused on sales, service, marketing, and other customer-related
functions.
• It acts as SaaS and PaaS as well.
• Salesforce has gained significant popularity and market share in the CRM industry,
becoming one of the largest software-as-a-service (SaaS) providers globally.
• It is known for its user-friendly interface, extensive customization options, and
robust ecosystem of partners and developers.
• Salesforce has gained significant popularity and market share in the CRM industry,
becoming one of the largest software-as-a-service (SaaS) providers globally.
• It is known for its user-friendly interface, extensive customization options, and
robust ecosystem of partners and developers.
Key components of salesforce.com

1. Sales Cloud: This product helps sales teams manage leads, opportunities,
and customer data, enabling them to track and close deals more effectively.
2. Service Cloud: Service Cloud focuses on customer support and service
management, allowing businesses to handle customer inquiries, manage
cases, and provide support across multiple channels.
3. Marketing Cloud: Marketing Cloud provides tools for creating and managing
marketing campaigns, including email marketing, social media marketing,
and customer journey mapping.
4. Commerce Cloud: Commerce Cloud enables businesses to create and
manage e-commerce websites and online stores, providing a seamless
shopping experience for customers.
5. Community Cloud: Community Cloud allows companies to build online
communities and portals for their customers, partners, and employees,
facilitating collaboration and self-service.
6. AppExchange: AppExchange is Salesforce's marketplace for third-party
applications and integrations, where businesses can find and install
additional tools and functionalities to enhance their Salesforce experience.
Force.com

• Force.com is a cloud-based platform developed by Salesforce.com that

allows businesses to build and deploy custom enterprise applications.
• It is part of the broader Salesforce ecosystem and is often referred to
as the Salesforce Platform.
• Force.com provides a suite of tools and services that enable
developers to create and customize applications without the need for
extensive coding or infrastructure setup.
• Force.com is a robust and scalable platform that empowers businesses
to build, deploy, and manage custom enterprise applications quickly
and efficiently, leveraging the power of the Salesforce ecosystem.
• Force.com offers businesses the flexibility to create custom
applications tailored to their unique requirements. It has been widely
adopted by organizations of all sizes and across various industries to
develop solutions for sales, service, marketing, operations, and other
business functions.
Basic characteristics of force.com
1. Development Tools: Force.com offers a powerful set of development tools, including
the Lightning Component Framework and Apex programming language. These tools
allow developers to create custom user interfaces, business logic, and data models for
their applications.
2. App Builder: The App Builder is a visual development tool that allows users to create
custom applications by dragging and dropping components onto a canvas. It simplifies
the process of building user interfaces and configuring application behavior.
3. Database Services: Force.com provides a robust, scalable, and secure database-as-a-
service called the Salesforce Object Query Language (SOQL). It allows developers to
store, retrieve, and manipulate data within their applications.
4. Integration Capabilities: Force.com supports integration with various systems and
services, including external databases, web services, and third-party applications. This
enables businesses to connect their applications with existing infrastructure and data
sources.
5. Security and Compliance: Force.com implements a multi-layered security model,
ensuring data protection and privacy. It also complies with industry standards and
regulations, such as GDPR and HIPAA, making it suitable for businesses operating in
highly regulated industries.
6. AppExchange: Force.com applications can be distributed and sold through Salesforce's
AppExchange marketplace, providing developers with a platform to showcase and
monetize their applications.
Force.com database

• The force.com database is otherwise called Salesforce

database .
• It is a cloud-based, multi-tenant database system
provided by Salesforce.com.
• It is a fundamental component of the Force.com
platform and serves as the backend storage for
Salesforce applications and data.
• It deals with various features as normal database does.
• The Salesforce database is tightly integrated with other
components of the Salesforce platform, such as the
user interface, workflows, automation, and reporting
capabilities.
Key Components
of force database
1. Structure: The Salesforce database is built on a relational database model, where
data is organized into tables with rows and columns. It supports the standard SQL
(Structured Query Language) for querying and manipulating data.
2. Object-Oriented: The Salesforce database is object-oriented, meaning that data is
stored in objects. In Salesforce terminology, objects represent different entities such
as leads, contacts, accounts, opportunities, and custom objects created by users.
3. Customization: Users can create custom objects, fields, and relationships in the
Salesforce database to tailor it to their specific business needs. This flexibility allows
for the creation of custom data structures to store and manage unique information.
4. Data Security: Salesforce provides robust data security features to protect the data
stored in the database. This includes user access controls, field-level security, record-
level security, and encryption options to ensure data confidentiality and integrity.
5. Scalability: The Salesforce database is designed to be highly scalable and able to
handle large volumes of data and concurrent users. Salesforce manages the
underlying infrastructure and ensures the database can scale seamlessly as business
needs grow.
6. Integration: The Salesforce database supports integration with external systems and
services through various mechanisms, including APIs (Application Programming
Interfaces) and integration tools. This enables businesses to synchronize data
between Salesforce and other applications or databases.
Persistency Layer of force database
• In the context of the Salesforce database (also known as
the Force.com database), the persistency layer refers to
the underlying infrastructure and mechanisms
responsible for storing and retrieving data persistently.
• It ensures that data remains available and durable even
in the event of system failures or restarts.
• The persistency layer of the Force.com database ensures
the reliability, availability, and performance required for
managing customer data in Salesforce applications.
• It provides the foundation for the CRM functions, data
analysis, and other operations supported by the
Salesforce platform.
 Features of persistency layer
1. Database Management System (DBMS): Salesforce uses a proprietary, multi-tenant DBMS that
is specifically designed to support the requirements of a cloud-based CRM platform. It manages
the storage, retrieval, and organization of data within the database.
2. Data Storage: The data in the Force.com database is stored on physical storage devices such as
hard drives or solid-state drives (SSDs). The DBMS manages the allocation of storage space,
data structures, and indexes to optimize data retrieval and performance.
3. Replication and Redundancy: The persistency layer incorporates mechanisms for data
replication and redundancy to ensure high availability and data durability. Multiple copies of the
data are stored across different physical devices and locations, providing protection against
hardware failures or disasters.
4. Data Backup and Recovery: Regular backups of the database are performed to protect against
data loss. These backups can be used to restore the database to a previous state in case of
accidental deletion, corruption, or other data-related issues.
5. Transaction Management: The persistency layer manages transactions, ensuring data
consistency and integrity. It supports ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability)
properties to guarantee that transactions are executed reliably.
6. Caching: Caching mechanisms may be employed within the persistency layer to improve data
access performance. Frequently accessed data or query results can be temporarily stored in
memory for faster retrieval.
7. Indexing: The database employs indexing techniques to optimize data retrieval speed. Indexes
are data structures that allow efficient lookup of data based on specified criteria, such as a
specific field or combination of fields.
8. Scalability: The persistency layer is designed to scale horizontally to accommodate growing data
volumes and increasing numbers of users. It can distribute data across multiple servers or
nodes to handle higher workloads and maintain performance.
Microsoft Office Live- SaaS

• Microsoft Office Live was a web-based suite of online

services offered by Microsoft for small businesses.
• It provided a range of tools and services to help
businesses establish an online presence, manage
email accounts, collaborate on documents, and create
simple websites.
• However, Microsoft Office Live Small Business, which
included website hosting and design tools, was
discontinued in 2012.
• The other components of Microsoft Office Live, such
as custom domain email and online storage, were
transitioned to Microsoft's other services.
Services offered by Microsoft office Live
1. Domain Name Registration: Users could register a custom domain name (e.g.,
www.yourbusiness.com) through Microsoft Office Live.

2. Website Design and Hosting: Microsoft Office Live provided tools and templates to help
small businesses create and design their websites. Users could customize their websites
using a visual editor and publish them to the web.

3. Email Services: Users could create custom email addresses using their domain name (e.g.,
info@yourbusiness.com) and manage their email accounts through Microsoft Office Live.

4. Online Storage and Collaboration: Microsoft Office Live offered online storage for
documents, allowing users to access their files from anywhere. It also provided
collaboration features, enabling multiple users to work on documents simultaneously.

5. Business Applications: Microsoft Office Live included various business applications, such
as contact management, task management, and customer relationship management
(CRM) tools, to help small businesses organize and streamline their operations.
LiveMesh (offered by microsoft)
• It is a service from Microsoft that allows data to be shared and synchronized
across multiple PCs and mobile devices.
• formerly known as Windows Live FolderShare, Live Mesh, and Windows Live
Sync.
• It is a discontinued free-to-use Internet-based file synchronization application by
Microsoft designed to allow files and folders between two or more computers to
be in sync with each other on Windows (Vista and later) and Mac OS X (v. 10.5
Leopard and later, Intel processors only) computers or the Web via SkyDrive.
• Windows Live Mesh also enabled remote desktop access via the Internet.
• Microsoft announced on February 20, 2012, that Windows Live Mesh is set to be
superseded by a new SkyDrive desktop application, where the cloud storage
portion for the application will utilize the full 7 GB SkyDrive storage.
• Windows Live Mesh was discontinued on February 13, 2013, and some of the
functionality is replaced by SkyDrive.
• On January 27, 2014, Microsoft announced the rebranding of SkyDrive to
"OneDrive“.