EARTH SCIENCE
QUARTER I
Formation of Fossil Fuels
BILLY S. WONG,RN,LPT
Manga National High School
Manga District,Tagbilaran City, Bohol
Objectives:
• Differentiate the three types of fossil
fuels,
• Describe how fossil fuels ( coal, oil and
gas) are formed; and
• Cite problems on the use of fossil fuels.
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Observe the picture
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Fossil Fuels
• Natural sources of fuel that formed through
geological processes.
• Deposits of organisms ( biomass) that are
primarily used for energy generation.
• Were able to form because the remains of the
different organisms experienced only little to
partial decomposition.
• Sediments build up, heat and pressure increase
prompting changes in the biomass. Converted into
fossil fuels.
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Types of Fossil Fuels
1.Coal- rock-like material made from plant
matter that lived in swampy areas and is
underground reservoirs.
2. Crude Oil-unrefined petroleum extracted
from the underground reservoirs. If treated will
form gasoline,plastics,and tar. From Marine
organisms.
3. Natural gas-naturally-occurring hydrocarbon gas
made up of methane and other alkanes ( butane &
propane).From Marine organisms.
Used as fuel for cooking & generating electricity.
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Types and Formation of Coal
1.Peat – an accumulation of plant organic
materials that only partially decomposed due to
exposure to water and carbon dioxide.
2.Lignite – formed when increased pressure from
sediments transforms the peat. It still has traces of
plant remains.
3.Bituminous- forms when even more pressure is
applied to lignite. No trace of plant materials can be
observed in this stage. Major source, heat energy.
4. Anthracite- the last stage of coal formation.
Burns w/ a short flame & only produces little smoke
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Crude Oil Formation
First Stage
Marine plants and animals gather
energy from the sun and their food to
increase the organic materials in their
bodies.
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Second Stage
The remains of the marine
organisms are buried under
sediments as time passes.
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Third Stage
More sediments bury the
remains of marine plants
and animals.
These sediments turn into
sedimentary rock after
millions of years.
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Fourth Stage
The heat and pressure from the
sedimentary rock slowly turn the
plant and animal matter into crude
oil.
Some of the crude oil migrate in
porous rocks while others remain
trapped in impermeable rock
reservoirs.
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Natural Gas Formation
Stage 1 -Microscopic plants and
animals from the ocean die and sink to
the bottom of the ocean. Sediments,
plants and bacteria form layers above
these organisms.
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Stage 2 – Heat and pressure
increase as the remains of
these organisms are buried
deeper by sediments. A
biomass made form plant
materials and exposed to
greater heat produces natural
gas.
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Stage 3- The natural gas migrates
through the pores in the rocks.
Some escape to the Earth’s surface
while others are caught in
impermeable rocks and clays and
become trapped deposits of natural
gas.
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Problems with Fossil Fuels
Cause problems in the long run if supply is
inadequate.
Extraction caused different environmental
problem like damaged land.
Disturbs ecosystem of terrestrial land.
Extraction of crude oil/natural gas requires
structures that usually affect the marine locations.
Workers in coal mines and crude oil refineries
experience health problems such as lung
diseases.
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Produced great amounts of gaseous
waste, such as carbon.
dioxide,methane,and nitrous oxide,
contributed to global warming.
Transportation of crude oil can lead to
oil spills that negatively affect marine life.
Fossil fuels are continually used
because of their low cost.
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1.Fossil Fuels are formed million years
ago from different materials. Which of
the ff. is not its component
a.Remains of animals
b.Remains of bacteria
c.Remains of all vegetation
d.Remains of volcanic ashes
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2. Coal is one of the major types of
fossil fuels. In which types of organic
matter does coal come from?
a.Mostly algae
b.Marine organisms
c.Dissolve minerals from rocks
d.Forest trees, plants and marches
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3. Which of the following statement
is/are incorrect?
a.Natural gas is not a fossil fuel.
b.Coal, natural gas, and oil are fossil
fuels.
c.Fossil fuels are man-made energy
source.
d.Coal is the most expensive energy
source in the world
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4. Why is coal considered as non-
renewable energy source?
a.Because it is sustainable
b.Because it is expensive to mine
c.Because it takes millions of years to form
d.Because it can be regenerated or
replaced
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6.Which of the following is an example
of non-renewable energy?
a.Coal
b.Water
c.Wind
d.Solar energy
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6. Which energy resources is derived
from natural organic matters?
a.Fossil fuels
b.Geothermal
c.Solar
d.wind
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7. Which of the ff.statement is correct?
a.Philippines has the largest coal
production in the world.
b.Oil,coal and natural gas are examples of
renewable energy.
c.Non-renewable energy is finite,they can’t
be used for a second time.
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8. Based from DOE 2017 power statistics.
Coal is the main source of energy in the
Philippines. What do you think will happen
if coal reserves run out?
a.It will result to decreasing number of air
pollutants.
b.It will decrease the energy resources
present in the Philippines.
c.It will not affect in Philippines economy
because it is an infinite resource.
d.Both A & B.
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THANK YOU!
