Modelling and Simulation
Computer Science Lesson Notes
Introduction
• - Model: A simplified representation of a
system.
• - Simulation: Running experiments on a model
to study real-life systems.
• - Purpose: To predict, understand, and
improve real systems safely.
Types of Models
• 1. Physical Models – tangible (toy car, globe).
• 2. Mathematical Models – equations, graphs.
• 3. Computer Models – programs (weather
forecast, flight simulator).
Types of Simulation
• 1. Live – using real people/equipment (military
drills).
• 2. Virtual – computer-based (flight simulation).
• 3. Constructive – models interacting (AI traffic
simulation).
Steps in Modelling & Simulation
• 1. Define the problem.
• 2. Formulate the model.
• 3. Code the model.
• 4. Run the simulation.
• 5. Verification & Validation.
• 6. Analysis & Interpretation.
Applications
• - Engineering: test structures.
• - Education: virtual labs.
• - Medicine: surgeries, disease spread.
• - Business: market forecasting.
• - Transportation: traffic flow.
• - Environment: weather, climate.
Advantages & Disadvantages
• Advantages:
• - Saves cost, time, and avoids risks.
• - Handles large, complex systems.
• - Tests multiple scenarios.
• Disadvantages:
• - Expensive to build.
• - Requires skilled personnel.
• - May oversimplify reality.
Conclusion
• - Modelling & Simulation help us study real
systems safely.
• - Widely used in science, business, education,
and daily life.
• - Students should identify examples in their
environment.
