1

. 1
1. , ,
.

.
.
A, B, A B A B .
2. 4
: A ,
( )
.


.
3.
,
2 P ( A) = 3P ( B ) = 4 P ( AB ) , P ( B A) = 1 / 2 .
P ( A) , P (B) P ( AB)
P ( A B ) , P ( A B ) , P ( A B ) , P ( AB AB ) .
4. P ( A) = 3 / 4 , P ( B ) = 2 / 3 P ( AB ) = 3 / 5

: P ( A B) , P ( A B ) P ( AB ) .
5. A
P ( A) = 2 P ( A) + 1 / 5 P ( A) .
6. P ( AB) =

2P ( A) + P (B)
, P ( A) = P (B) .
3

7. P ( A) = 1 / 2 , P ( B ) = 1 / 3 P ( A B ) = 2 / 3
. P ( A) = 1 / 2 , P ( B) = 1 / 5
P ( AB ) = 3 / 5 .
8. ( ) = 3/ 4 () = 3/ 8 , :
() ( ) 3/ 4 ,
()

1
3
( ) .
8
8

( ) = 1/ 3, () = 1/ 4 .

9. De Morgan:
() ( A1 Av ) = A1 Av ,
() ( A1 Av ) = A1 Av .
10. , () B
, () A , () A B
.
11. (i) (ii) 6.2
6.1.
12. .
( ) , = 1, 2,3, 4,5, 6 .
13. 10 .
, = 0,1,...,10;
14. ( de Mr). ,
4 , 24 ;
15.
.
.
16. A . -
. ()
, () r1 , r2 , ..., r
1, 2, ..., , , r1 + r2 + + r = .
17.
. r r < .
.
18.
.

= { 1 , 2 , ..., }

P ({ i }) = 2 P ({ i +1}) ,

i = 1, 2, ..., 1 ,

P ({ i }) , i = 1, 2, ..., .
= { 1 , 2 , ..., } , .
19. 5
. (5, 6) , (6, 5)
(6, 6) .
20.
0.001.
2

0.97.
;
21. ,
, 80%
,
.
, , 60%
,
99% .


.
1% ,
30% .

;
22.

: , :
: 50 .
: P ( A) = 0.30, P (B) = 0.25, P ( ) = 0.40, P ( AB) = 0.15, P ( ) = 0.20,
P ( ) = 0.10 P ( ) = 0.05. P ( AB ) ,
P ( A B ) , P ( A ) P ( AB ) .
23. {1 , 2 , ..., 1 , }
.
1
{1 , 2 , ..., 1} .
24. 10
.

/ 100 , = 1, 2, ...,10 .
/ 55

= 1, 2, ...,10 .

, = 1, 2, ...,10 ;

25.
4/5.
3/5 2/5
.
26.
: , :
: .
,
P ( B | A) < P ( B ) , P ( | A) > P ( ) , P( | ) = P ( ) .
27. .

.
.
28.
0.01.
0.95.
()
() .
29. 0 1 2
1/4, 1/2 1/4, .
, . A
, = 0,1, 2
Br r,
r = 0,1, ..., 6 , P ( B0 ) , P ( B1 ) P ( A2 | B1 ) .
30. , , 50%, 40%
40%, . , 35% .
25% 20%. , 15%
.
;
31. A1 1 1 , 2 2
2 . ( ) 1
( ) 2 . 2
A1. , A1.
() ;

() ,
;
32. ( )
.
() ;
() ,
; ( !)
33.
(1 v 52) ,
4/52, = 1, 2,...,v .
34. 1 .
, -
(
). 1/
= 1,...,v.
35. , s ( ),
1 s + 1;
36. ()
. ()
.
,
95%;
95%;
37. ,

. , .
38. ( Bonferroni). A1,...,Av ,
P ( A1 ...Av ) P ( A1) + + P ( Av ) v + 1.
39. 75%
. 20% ,
10%.
, ;
;
40. .
2 1 , 1 2

. , ( !), (
) ( ).
() ;
() ,
;
41. ,
p, 2q r p + 2q + r = 1
. ( ) ,
Mendel,
.
.
42. 7% 2% .
48% 52%

.
43. 50% .
1/2.

1/3.
44. 95%
, () 95%
, () 5%
.
)
10%,
;
)
, ()
.
,
.
;
45. ,
(
).
, 10%, 40% 50%,
. ,
. ,
6

,
. ,
1/2. .
() , ;
() ,
;
46. ()
( ).
() .
()
P ( A) = 0 P ( A) = 1.
47. ( 2v ) .
;
r ( 2r v r) ;
48. 1, 2,...,v x . ,
y 1,...,x . y
1; y 1, x 1;
49. , ,
:
() B .
() B .
() B .
50. A = {
}, B = { }, = {
}. A, B, (, ,
, A, B, ), , B,
.
51. 5%. 80%
, 10%
.
, ;
52. 1 , A2 A3 .
() A1 A2 A3 , () A2 A1 A3 () A3 A1 A2
.