Ecosystems Vegetation symbiotic structures

Hannah Steenson
10/09/12

symbiotic structures
01 RESEARCH 14 INVESTIGATION 01 SITE 01 PROGRAM

ECOSYSTEMS

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ECOSYSTEMS RESEARCH

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GARDEN CITY OF TODAY

When Sir Ebenezer Howard first envisioned the Garden city it was a reaction to the industrial revolution which began to change cities; combining both the economic potential brought by the industrial revolution along with the clean environment of the country. However, with cities continuing to change the notion of this industrial-country-city is becoming obsolete. Gardens have effectively become decorated walls of a city making the delineation between green-belt and city greater. What constitutes the green-belt is also becoming increasingly ambiguous. Is it supposed to be only parks and agricultural areas? The notion of the Garden-city has become increasingly obsolete in contemporary times; questioning what the green-belt could be. This research intends to look into ecosystems, centred on vegetation, as a possible source of breaking the boundary between city and green as separate habitations and green-space which performs to make a new mode of urban.

ECO-SYSTEMS
The understanding of vegetation and nature stems from analysis of the flows and resources across ecosystems. We have attempted to identify the processes that drive and maintain ecosystems and recognise opportunities for regeneration. Streams of biotic interactions and mutualistic relationships between vegetation and the ecosystems it supports shows how every component of nature is co-dependent and related within a cycle. The loss of habitat and diversity of indigenous species can be largely attributed to the activity of humans that disrupt the cycle and do not conform as part of the ecosystem. Native species are usually adapted to support eachother and there is real opportunity in restoring native activity to its origins where it will strive.

CO2 of the atmosphere

RespirationR

espiration

RespirationR

espiration

Producers
green parts of the plants

Parasites

Herbivores Omnivores

Carnivores Carnivores II + III

Soil Respiration

Atmosphere

Waste

phloem stream

Consumers
(litter) Saprophages Roots Copro- and necrophages Parasites And Herbivore Carnivores

Pedosphere

Decomposers Short Cycle

Decomposers Long Cycle

pre earthquake map of Christchurch highlighting green areas

ecosystem cycle processesW

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canterbury ground slopes

Flat Gradient <1 This lack of slope creates a very open landscape highly exposed to all climatic elements, especially wind. The warm, dry northwesterly wind sweeps over canterbury, after leaving behind its water in the alps, and stirs up dust from river beds and ploughed paddocks. This has led to the prominance of tussocks and grasses throughout this region.

Flat - Gradient <1 Flat to Gently undulating - Gradient 1-3 Gently Undulating - Gradient 3-7 Easy Rolling - Gradient 7-12 Strongly rolling - Gradient 12 - 15 Hilly - Gradient 15 - 25 Steep- Gradient >25

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Christchurch Ecosystems
DRY PLAINS
The dry plains are part of the alluvial floodplain built up by braided rivers of Canterbury. Prior to European settlement the plains were covered with silver tussock grassland with localized woodland areas of Kowhai, Cabbage trees and Kanuka. Very few of these areas remain within the citys boundaries, with only a few shrubs, patches of kowhai and areas of grassland surviving. The grassland areas are cable of supporting an extensive number of indigenous plant, bird and insect species. houhere ti kouka tussock kowhai

WET PLAINS
The Wet plains have changed drastically since human occupation and the effects of human activity has seen a severe loss of original plant and animal species. The Wet Plains historically supported expansive podocarp (Kahikatea), wetland and swamp forest. Riccarton bush is the only significant podocarp wetland forest currently remaining. The honey eaters, tui and bellbird were important species for pollination and were all abundant in Canterbury in the past. totara kahikatea te kakahi pukio

COASTAL PLAINS
Coastal plains are divided into two broad ecosystems: the estuarine and the dunes. Estuaries contain complex ecological conditions due it being the point where freshwater meets the sea. Cycles of tides and freshwater inflow produce much variations of water levels and salinities which the vegetation must tolerate in order to survive. Dune vegetation similarly are exposed to varying salinities and water levels, but also to extended durations of drought of which Pingao has especially adapted to. akeake pingao oioi

Tussock, Green Skink, Ti Kouka, Kowhai, Pipit, Mikimiki, Young Plains Ecosystems, Ti Kouka, Kotare, Kanuka, Houhere, Piwakawaka, Kohuhu, Mid Age Plains Ecosystems

Kahikatea, Kereru, Manatu, Lush, Totara, Bellbird, Matai, Older Plains Ecosystems, Pukio, Pukeko, Karamu, Peat Plains Ecosystem

Akeake, Riroriro, Ngaio,Old Dune Ecosystem, Pingao, Kuaka, Tauhinu, Young Dune Ecosystem, Oioi, Tuturiwhatu, Marsh Ribbonwood, Estuarine Ecosystem

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Dry Plains Ecosystem

mid age plains ecosystem moist and deep waimakariri soils

HOUHERE

TI KOUKA
mid age plains ecosystem droughty and shallow waimakariri soils

TUSSOCK
young plains ecosystem droughty and shallow selwyn soils

KOWHAI
young plains ecosystem moist and deep selwyn soils

Hoheria augustifolia
Tall trees or large shrubs endemic to NZ.

Houhere

Pittosporum tenuifolium
Small evergreen tree with coloured foliage

Kohuhu

Leptospermum scoparium
Small shrub found mainly in the drier areas of NZ

Manuka

Kunzea ericodes
A tree or shrub native to NZ and SE Australia

Kanuka

The Cabbage tree is endemic to NZ and attracts many insects and birds

Cordyline australis

Ti Kouka

Tree native to NZ growing throughout the country. Distinctive yellow

Saphora microphylla

Kowhai

Coprosma Crassifolia
Stiff bushy shrub

Thick leaved mikimiki

Coprosma propinqua
Small leaved shrub of tree common in scrub

Mikimiki

Fantail
Small native insectivorous bird widely distributed in New Zealand.

Insects

Kakariki
Native small forest birds. Orange-fronted parakeet critically endangered

Silvereye
Native but not endemic bird of NZ which eats fruit of Karamu and disperses seed.

Lizard
Native geckos and skinks endemic to NZ.

Insects
Caterpillars, aphids, leaf miners

Tui
Native but not endemic bird of NZ

Bellbird
Korimako Endemic passerine bird of NZ. Pollinators of many native plants

Keruru
Native but not endemic bird of NZ

Banded dotterel
Endemic bird protected in NZ. Breed in a variety of habitats

Lizard
Native geckos and skinks endemic to NZ.

Silvereye
Native but not endemic bird of NZ which eats fruit of Karamu and disperses seed

Native Fuchsia
Native tree found commonly throughout NZ with sweet berry

Insects
Caterpillars, aphids, leaf miners

Related Native Plants

Cabbage trees, miro, flax, kowhai, NZ fuchsia

Insects
Flies, moths

Related Native Plants

fuchsia, kowhai, flax Insect: Aphids

tall trees small trees/shrub tussock/grass bird species other

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Focus Stream
HOUHERE
mid age plains ecosystem moist and deep waimakariri soils
Silt Sand Minor clay Sand Silt Greywacke stones Sand

MANUKA Leptospermum scorparium Manuka and kanuka were once common shrubland plants of the canterbury plains but numbers have significantly decreased as Christchurch city has developed. However, Maori and Pakeha settlement did cause a shortlived increase in their numbers. Manuka is a bushy shrub seldom growing taller than 5m. Its bark sheds in long papery strips ideal for many insect species, while after flowering it also produces small woody seeds. Historically the bark was used by Maori and European settlers as a poultice for colds, flus and stomache ache due to its antibiotic properties. Its small pointed leaves have also been used to make tea. Manuka flowers have an over represented pollen type that has a higher than normal conductivity about 4 times that of normal flower pollen. This high conductivity indicates the high mineral content of the pollen.

KAKARIKI Orange-fronted, yellow-fronted and red-fronted Kakariki parrots have become increasingly rare in canterbury with the orange-crowned parakeet (exclusive to canterbury) now highly endangered with less than 200 remaining. They prefer tall unbroken forrest such as the lowfoot hill beech forrests of the southern alps and the dwindling podocarp forrests of Christchurch. However, they are know to fly great distances to reach manuka and kanuka trees for there antibiotic qualities. By using the bark and leaves of Manuka trees these rare parrots were able to rid themselves of parasites, and improve the condition of their feathers. They feed largely on berries such as fuchsia, mahoe and tutu, as well as the seeds of plants like karo, toe-toe and flax.

Greywacke stones

appropriate ecosystems

MANUKA HONEY Manuka honey is produced in New Zealand from both manuka and kanuka flowers. The honey is dark coloured and strongly flavoured with a herb and woody characteristic. Manuka honeys antibacterial properties are almost exclusively caused by its hydrogen peroxide content.

BEES Bees create honey from the pollen of the Manuka and Kanuka tree flowers

FUCHSIA
Kotukutuku Fuchsia is a tree native to New Zealand and part of the Onagraceae family. It is one of few deciduous trees native to New Zealand bush and is common in damp forest margins and regenerating areas. It produces large bell shaped flowers changing colour from blue to red as they mature, while also producing large egg shaped berries.

TUI, BELLBIRD AND KERERU Tui, Bellbirds and Kereru are all birds native to New Zealand known primarily as honey eaters due to there preferred diet of flower nectar. However, they have a very diverse diet including the berries of fuchsia, coprosma and cabbage trees. They are considered to be the most important seed distributors of native new zealand trees due to there abilities to eat the largest berries and fruit as well as various smaller varieties.

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Wet Plains Ecosystem

TOTARA
older plains ecosystem moist and deep kaiapoi soils

KAHIKATEA
older plains ecosystem wet taitapu soils

TE KAKAHI
dry or stoney wet taitapu soils

PUKIO
peat plains ecosystem wet and peaty waimairi and aranui soils

Totara Podocarpus totara

Tall, slow growing trees which provide fruit for native birds

Matai Prumnopitys taxifolia

Endemic NZ tree dispersed by Keruru

Kahikatea Dacrycarpus dacrydioides

Tall native tree which provides fruit for native birds

Kanuka Kunzea ericodes

A tree or shrub native to NZ and SE Australia

Manuka Leptospermum scoparium

A small tree or shrub native to NZ and SE Australia

Pukio Carex secta

Tussock edge useful for re-establishing or enhancing wetland areas

Karamu Coprosma robusta

Bushy shrub/small tree, widespread native species

Keruru
New Zealand pigeon. Endemic to NZ, play important ecological role

Tui
Endemic passerine bird of NZ. Main pollinators of many native plants

Bellbird
Korimako Endemic passerine bird of NZ. Pollinators of many native plants

Kakariki
Native small forest birds. Orange-fronted parakeet critically endangered

Grey Warbler
Riroriro is a common insectivorous bird endemic to NZ

Kuruwhengi
New Zealand Shoveler which eats primarily the seeds of aquatic plants

Silvereye
Native but not endemic bird of NZ which eats fruit of Karamu and disperses seed

Endemic birds of NZ which disperse the seeds of Karamu

Keruru, Tui, Bellbird

Fantail
Small native insectivorous bird widely distributed in New Zealand.

Common plum tree

The Keruru prefers to eat the leaves of the introduced plum tree plant.

Related Native Plants

Cabbage trees, miro, flax, kowhai, NZ fuchsia

Insects
Caterpillars, aphids, leaf miners

Related Native Plants

Beech, Manuka, Kanuka, flax seed, grass seed

Insects
Spiders, insects and their larvae

Related Native Plants

fuchsia, kowhai, flax Insect: Aphids

tall trees small trees/shrub tussock/grass bird species other

Focus Stream
totara ecosystem
moist and deep kaiapoi soils

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Totara Podocarpus totara

Totara is a podocarp tree endemic to NZ and was once prominent in the Wet Plains of Christchurch. It is best suited to full sun or semi-shade conditions and is dry/wind/wet tolerant. It will readily establish itself on pasture land and prefers rich moist non-alkaline soil. The totara is dispersed by native birds which eat the fruit and excrete the seed. USES: Totara wood is very durable and can be used for outdoor landscaping timber and it is also famous for its carving properties making it the primary wood used for Maori carvings. Before Totara forests were depleted, it was also valued for bridge and wharf construction.

Kereru ( New Zealand Pigeon) Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae

Large, enedmic bird of NZ that primarily eats fruits from native trees. This makes the Keruru a crucial link in ecosystem nutrient cycles as it supports many native trees that rely solely on native birds for distribution. Breeding depends on the availability of fruit. Keruru feed on podocarp species such as Totara and distribute the seeds. The population of Keruru have declined since human occupation but they can be found in city gardens and parks.

Tui and Bellbird

Endemic passerine birds of NZ that primarily feed on nectar, fruit and insects. They are examples of mutualistic coevolution and pollinate many native plants (such as mistletoe, fuchsia and kowhai).

totara bark

totara seed

Related Native Plants

Cabbage trees, miro, flax, kowhai, NZ fuchsia, mistletoe, Kahikatea, kaka beak, matai, karamu

Native bird species sightings in Christchurch Indicates urban habitat and existing bush are suitable for survival

Bellbird Kereru Tui

maori carving

appropriate ecosystem

Common plum tree

The Kereru love to eat the leaves from the common plum tree which is an introduced species of plant. When availability of fruit is scarce, Kereru rely on leaves as a large part of their diet. Plum trees grown well in fertile, well drained soil. Plums are versatile fruit that are enjoyed by many people. (Fruit, jam, jellies, dried plum, sauces, desserts)

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Coastal Plains Ecosystem

AKEAKE
old dune ecosystem droughty waikuku soils

PINGAO
young dune ecosystem droughty and raw kairaki soils

OIOI
esturine ecosystem wet and salty motukarara soils

Bracken Fern Pteridium esculentum

Bracken, ground cover

Ngaio Myoporum laetum

Native tree to NZ. Fast growing evergreen tree

Akeake Dodonaea viscosa

Widespread distribution. Wood is tough and durable

Nationally endangered native shrub located near coastal areas

Tauhinu Pomaderris ericifolia

A type of sand binding grass native to NZ.

Pingao Desmoschoenus spiralis

Native coastal groundcover with bright green foliage.

Remuremu Selliera Radicans

Shrub which is tolerant to salty conditions.

Marsh Ribbonwood Plagianthus divaricatus

OiOi Apodasmia similis

A tall reed growing on NZ salt marshes.

Grey Warbler
Riroriro is a common insectivorous bird endemic to NZ

Sand fescue Austrofestuca littoralis

A tussock which grows with Pingao.

Fernbird
Insectivorous bird native to NZ, prefering ground dwelling than flying.

Mingimingi Coprosma propinqua

Grows alongside marsh ribbonwood.

Banded Dotterel
Native bird feeding on molluscs, crustaceans and insects

Inanga
Known more commonly as whitebait, it is a scale-less fish with a silvery belly.

Insects
The grey warbler will feed on spiders, insects and their larvae

A bird native to both NZ and Australia, it has a fondness for fruits.

Silver Eye bird

tall trees small trees/shrub tussock/grass bird species other

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Focus Stream
akeake ecosystem
droughty waikuku soils

Akeake Dodonaea viscosa

Meaning forever and ever in Maori, referring to the strength and durability of the wood, it is a tree capable of growing up to 4m and rarely 9m. In the Christchurch context, Akeake is an important part of the dune ecosystem located in the Coastal plains region - as it establishes effective shelters to support life. Akeake is capable of growing quickly and with little maintenance; and is even capable of growing in poor soil conditions. The rapidly spreading canopy and roots are the basis of its sheltering abilities providing both shade to the dry dune climate as well as effectively stabilising the surrounding soil; thus, resisting dune erosions. On the dunes, it can grow in the central and peripherial areas. This is possible to its tolerance to salt spray unlike many other trees. Seeds are propagated by wind. USES: The Akeake tree is useful in many aspects beyond its beneficial impact on the ecosystem. Its hard and durable wood makes it suitable for parts in the boat industry and as timber for small construction. Leaves of the tree are also used in making medicines for bone-fracture and the treatment of rheumatism.

Grey Warbler Gerygone igata

A bird endemic to New Zealand feeding off insects, their larvae and spiders. The Grey warbler or Riroriro, has been able to adapt to civilizations and settlements; hence, being able to be independent of its natural habitat, the bush. This has been beneficial to farmers from an economic point of view due to it catching insects, rather than fruit. They are active hunters who are never idle as they perch from tree to tree. Their special pear-shaped nests hung from trees. These nests are protective and are usually enclosed except for one hole facing away from the prevailing wind. Interestingly, the Shining Cuckoo sneaks in an egg during the second batch of eggs. The Grey Warbler, therefore, raises the Shining Cuckoos young in its nests.

Shining Cuckoo, Pipiwharauroa Chrysococcyx lucidus

Parasitic in that it does not raise its young, the Shining Cuckoo lays its egg in the nest of a Grey Warbler as it returns to NZ. It migrates from New Zealand to the Tropics and returns to lay its eggs. The Shining Cuckoo is an important bird in curbing the numbers of the larva of the black and white magpie-moth (Nyctemera annulata) and the Kowhai moth (Uresiphita polygonalis maorialis) as most other birds avoid them.

Magpie Moth Nyctemera annulata

Magpie Moths are endemic to NZ which feed particularly on ragwort.

Kowhai Moth Uresiphita polygonalis maorialis

Kowhai Moth is a NZ native insect, whose caterpillars feed on Kowhai, brooms, lupin, gorse and clover.

appropriate ecosystem Kowhai Tree Sophora microphylla

Kowhai tree grow in mild temperate maritime climates and are native trees to NZ. They are part of the dry plains ecosystem, but are a food for grown Shining Cuckoo; especially, attractive to them for their Kowhai moths larvae and caterpillar.

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Coastal Plains Ecosystem

Dry Plains Ecosystem

Wet Plains Ecosystem

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1856 map of vegetation in Christchurch

sand with fern, flax & grass swamp & raupo grass rocks trees flax flax & grass grass & fern

map before European settlement showing Christchurch fern fern & flax rivers or streams Christchurch CBD Cathedral

Pre Earthquake map of vegetation in Christchurch

regional park garden and city heritage sports park local park cemetery orchids & pasture horticultural crops & pasture exotic forrest

Map showing what exists after settlement in by about year 2000 Christchurch improved pasture unimproved pasture CBD regional park water urban area

Native vegetation that would have existed in current vegetation areas

sand with fern, flax & grass swamp & raupo grass rocks trees flax flax & grass grass & fern fern fern & flax rivers or streams Christchurch CBD

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ECOSYSTEMS INVESTIGATION

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Manuka System
The manuka tree, Leptospermum Scoparium, is a prominant tree in the canterbury landscape due to its ability to thrive in volatile conditions. It will thrive in soils lacking nutrients, wind swept area, can tolerate water logging and will survive frosts. These conditions may alter the trees growth and appearance however it will thrive in these conditions while struggling in rich soils and entirely sheltered areas. Consequently the manuka tree has developed, and helps to sustain, two important ecosystems in New Zealand, especially the south island. Its heart root system enables it to stablise loose soil and prevent erosion on sloped sites unsuitable for farmland. As it grows it developes lanceolate shaped leaves containing numerous oil glands. The oil contained within these leaves has an antibiotic quality due to its high triketone, sesquiterpene hydrocarbon and monoterpene hydrocarbon contents. This antibiotic ability was discovered by the endangered Kakariki parakeet who is able to rid itslef of parasites and improve the condition of its plumage by rubbing against and eating the leaves. Due to the shape of its beak the kakariki parakeet predominately eats seeds and fruit, one seed type in its diet is the native New Zealand flax seed. Due to its size and speed the parakeet is able to perch easily on flax stems to eat its chosen food. The flax bush also produces long bellshaped flowers which produce a very sweet honey dew pollen. This bellshaped flower is perfectly suited to the tongue of the native New Zealand Bellbird whose paint brushlike tongue extends down into the flower to extract the flower nectar. Despite the Tuis favourite food type of nectar during the winter months where this is very scarse it fills its diet with small insects such as the Eriococcus Orariensis, commonly known as Manuka Blight. This small scale insect eats away at the bark and trunk of the manuka tree causing a sooty black fungus to form, as it sucks nutrients from the tree. The removal of plant nutrients by the scale insect weakens the plant and reduces its photosynthesis ability, which intern reduces the amount of carbon dioxide the tree is able to absorb.

MANUKA TREE

KAKARIKI

FLAX

TUI

INSECTS

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Honeycomb

Honey Bee Hair

Honey

Manuka pollen

People

Manuka Tree Roots

Leaf Structure/Oil Glands

Antibiotic

Kakriki Parrot Feathers

Kakariki Parrot Beak

Eriococcus Orariensis (Manuka Blight)

Tui Tongue

Flax Nectar

Flax Stem

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Each of these structures can be morphed into each other to form an image of this ecosystem. Numerous variations can be created based on where in the system the drawing begins, whether it follows the system in a clockwise or anti clock wise direction. Another variable includes how many of the structures are morphed into the image with a minimum of 2 required. The following pages include a series of these morphed images.

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01

02

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03

04

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05

06

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07

08

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09

10

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11

12

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14

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15

16

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3 dimensional structures

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seriers of threads originating at one source, branching out to disperse.

Collection of cores that share sides to create an angular net.

Central spine with thinner aligned threads extending from it.

fluid liquid/string stretches to connect solid frames.

Series of fine threads randomly intersecting originating from various points around a frame.

Network of points with occasional clusters.

Large series of fine threads, varying in length, originate at a source and disperse towards a slightly larger destination.

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Drawing 5

2D

3D Translation

Drawing 14

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2D

3D Translation

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Drawing 20

2D

3D Translation

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Objective Space Faciality

(enclosed open) This first division separates the compositions, and projects, into two major lineages. If the composition of the drawing appears open and continuous it corresponds to a project whose primary function is to create a connective ground. If the drawing composition appears to enclose space or have a definitive edge it correlates to a project whose principal function is to develop an enclosing surface or structure.

(single - multiple: connected or separated) Enclosed areas can occur in isolation identifying an individual structure. In contrast a series of unconnected spaces may be established, relating to series of individual units or building fragment. Alternatively they may form in clusters creating a series of interconnected spaces within an over arching frame.

(single face multi face) Similarly each surface, or line, can be viewed predominantly from one side or from several. Where a surface is primarily viewed from one side it is likely a ground surface. On the other hand where a surface can be occupied in more than one layer or a space has formed the surface will be viewed from multiple sides, e.g. inside and outside.

Classification

The classification system intends to dissect the ecosystem drawings in an architectural light. By identifying a new lineage a series of diagrams are able to generate new 3 dimensional forms and spaces based upon their specific requirements and space. This classification system includes seven converging categories where the project types are formed.

NEEDS REVISION

Enclosed Connected Single face

Seperated

Multi face

Open

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Connection Composition Orientation/focus Variation

(smooth disjointed) The connection component refers to the fluidity of morphing between aspects in a drawing. It classifies the images into those with smooth transitions and the much more disjointed. Three dimensionally this corresponds to projects which have a continuous variation of the primary surface producing a fluid aesthetic. Comparatively an angled inconsistent surface corresponds to drawings with a disjointed appearance.

(constant shifting) This differentiation classifies projects in reference to gravity derived from the compositional layout of a drawing. This classification determines whether the drawings overall composition remains definitively in one direction or shifts erratically across the page. If it remains constant it corresponds to a surface such as a ground, roof or wall which remains at a constant angle to the gravitational force. However if the layout appears to shift, this corresponds to a continually evolving surface with no true separation of roof, wall and ground.

(oriented: linear or radial non oriented) This attribute divides the drawings based on the overarching direction of the composition. If the drawing has a definite direction it can be separated into a primarily radial or linear class, alternatively it may spread relatively evenly across the page without any apparent orientation. Where the composition appears to follow a linear axis it indicates that a project will follow a preexisting structure or apparent natural direction according to site. While a radial axis causes a project to respond to specific nodes or centers. Comparatively where a composition lacks any major orientation a project will arrange itself somewhat sporadically.

(patterned irregular) This final classification defines the projects discontinuities. If a system of discontinuities, orientation shifts or quirks appear on a regular basis throughout, the composition of the project will have an apparent rhythm. In comparison if the overall composition provides no predominant patterning this will correspond to a project more responsive to local specificities.

NEEDS REVISION

Linear Smooth Constant Oriented Radial patterned

Disjointed

Shifting

Non-oriented

irregular

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Objective Space Faciality Connection Composition Orientation Variation

Single face Connected

Smooth

Shifting

Oriented Non-oriented Oriented Non-oriented Oriented Oriented

Linear

irregular patterned

01 14 20 03 18 10 13

Smooth Multi face Multiple Single face Seperated Enclosed Smooth Multi face Disjointed Smooth Disjointed

Constant Shifting Constant Shifting

Radial Radial Linear

patterned patterned patterned irregular

Disjointed

Oriented

Linear

irregular

Shifting Constant Constant Shifting

Oriented Oriented Oriented Oriented Non-oriented

Linear Radial Radial Radial

irregular patterned patterned irregular irregular

09 15 11 08 19

Single face Single

NEEDS REVISION
Disjointed Smooth

Shifting

Classication System

Multi face

Constant

Oriented

Radial

patterned

02

Smooth Single face Disjointed Open Smooth Multi face Disjointed

Constant Shifting Constant Shifting Constant Shifting Shifting

Oriented Non-oriented Oriented Non-oriented Non-oriented Oriented Oriented

Linear

patterned patterned

12 07 17 06 05 04

Linear

irregular irregular patterned

Linear Linear

irregular irregular

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Objective

Space

Faciality

Connection

Composition/balance

Orientation/focus

Variation

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ECOSYSTEMS SITE

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Demolished CBD Buildings

Demolished CBD Buildings and City Blueprint development additions

Traffic Concentration Post Earthquake

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8:30 am

11:30 am

5:00 pm

8:00 pm

Tuam Street

Montreal Street

Large amounts of traffic on the four main avenues throughout the day especially around 5 oclock when workers return home. Also fluctuating amounts of traffic along Montreal Street and Tuam Steet during the day providing these streets with maximum public exposure. This helps to highlight areas within the CBD which remain lively and continue to provide through routes and access to public amenties. Offering areas with potencial to draw people back into the heart of Christchurch.

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Proposed Site
Christchurch boundary CBD choosen site scale 1:10000 N

Ecosystem Group Sites

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Hannahs Site Angelas Site Woomins Site Green Axis

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Proposed Site
The high office density proposed for the core will restrict the design variation within this central area. This proposed site is on the outskirts of the core linking it out and across the avon river to the Christchurch art gallery, where there is slightly less design and building constraints. This area is also still currently active and used by the public due to its close proximity to other minor art gallerys and institutions, eg. the arts centre and Coca gallery, aswell as schools, restaurants and cafes. This provides an opportunity to draw people across both into the core and out towards the art galleries. Along with this position it also lies in line with both Woomin and Angelas sites allowing us to create a green axis through the city, extending the notion of a garden city outside the constraints of the proposed frame.

Exsisting and proposed built environment

Gloucester Street

Worcester Boulevard

Cambridge Terrace

Montreal Street

Total site area = 23,500 m^2

Proposed site Existing buildings to be retained Proposed buildings Public grassed areas

Oxford Terrace

Surrounding area

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Proposed situation with existing buildings to be retained

Public facilities Commercial Education Housing Offices Carpark

art galleries, convention centre, performing arts space, art centre

restaurants, cafes, retail

schools, school facilities

residential houses, hotels, apartments,units

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Gloucester Street Pre Earthquake

Cambridge Terrace Pre Earthquake

Cambridge Terrace Pre Earthquake

Gloucester Street

Cambridge Terrace

Worchester Boulevard Pre Earthquake

Worchester Boulevard

Demolished buildings

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Proposed Site

Pre Earthquake

Post Earthquake

Maximum building Envelope

max. 28m

Pre Earthquake

Post Earthquake

Built Area 15.7% Built Area 36.1% Road Area 11.2%

Road Area 11.2%

Space 73.1% Space 52.7%

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ECOSYSTEMS PROGRAM

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Proposed Program

Motive -

Due to the large amount of both small and large offices destroyed in the earthquakes new work spaces are required particularly for smaller firms, and the large number of design and construction firms required to effectively create a new Christchurch. To successfully bring life, creativity and diversity back into the city center, new infrastructure needs to establish communities of social typologies. By creating a symbiotic system of spaces for work, interaction, relaxation and circulation new vibrant, productive communities will emerge throughout the skeleton of Christchurch.

Throughway 8% Native Vegetation 5% Public 40% Recreational space 32%

Open Space/Rest area 19%

Services 8% Studios 15% Groups 12% Individual 3%

Retail 2% Cafe/Coffee shops 6%

Executive/Cells 9% Private 60% Offices 45% Design/Group 27%

Clercal/Open plan 9%

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people

Public Green Space

Offices

Services (cafe/retail)

Studios

vibrant city community

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Program requirements
Office Space per person

Meeting Room

designated area for internal and external meetings. 2m^2

Clerical office -

open plan, allows group fluctuation and high interaction

Work Space

Advertising and design offices -

group space/landscaped, creates group space with potencial for furniture rearrangement.

2.5m^2

Executive offices -

cellular, permits confidentiality and reception of visitors.

Amenities

rest, kitchen and bathroom areas 1.7m^2

Meeting Room 32%

Work Space 40%

Amenities 28%

Program requirements
Studio Space per person

51

Work space

Semi enclosed-open plan, allows for rearrangemnt, level of privacy, high interaction

6m^2

Amenities

cleaning, kitchen and bathroom areas 1.7m^2

Work Space 78%

Amenities 22%

52

Program requirements
Service-cafe, restaurant, small retail Space
cafe store

Kitchen

8m^2

Display

1m^2

2m^2

Storage

3m^2

3m^2

Customer space

10m^2

8m^2
Display 15% Kitchen 36% Display 5% Storage 14% Customer Space 62% Storage 23%

Customer Space 45%