Lung defence

Mutliple choice 1) Which of the following are true regarding aerosols a) aerosols are suspended particles of liquid/solid b) particles less than 10 nanometres dont pose a threat to lung defence c) large particles (>5nm) are filtered in the small airways d) small particles (<5) sediment on large airways 2) Which of the following are true regarding aerosols a) Sedimentation occur in large airways b) Impaction occurs in the large airways c) Particles are caught in the mucous and cilia, which are then carried up to 2cm below the trachea to be swallowed or coughed out (expectorated) d) All of the above 3) Which of the following are true regarding aerosols deposition/ clearance a) Slow breathing caused particles become deposited further down the respiratory tract b) Rapid breathing causes particles to become deposited on more proximal airways c) A decrease in macrophages decreases the risk on infection d) Phagocytosis can occur via macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes to either to allow for the digestion of the foreign particles or assist the mucociliary escalator. Match the following gas interactions with their appropriate speed of movement. 4) Bubble a) 0-60cm/sec b) 60-1000cm/sec c) 1000-2500cm/sec d) >2500cm/sec 5) Annular a) 0-60cm/sec b) 60-1000cm/sec c) 1000-2500cm/sec d) >2500cm/sec 6) Slug a) 0-60cm/sec b) 60-1000cm/sec c) 1000-2500cm/sec d) >2500cm/sec 7) Mist a) 0-60cm/sec b) 60-1000cm/sec c) 1000-2500cm/sec d) >2500cm/sec

Short answer 1) Explain what makes an effective cough with regards to the 4 stages involved.

2) What are the functions of the upper respiratory tract, explain the general mechanisms for protection.

3) Explain the concept of the Equal pressure point and its relationship to a dynamic airway collapse.

Long response Explain the lung defence mechanism of Mucocilary clearance. Include the membranes involved , factors and diseases that can affect MCC.