Common Derivatives and Integrals

Common Derivatives and Integrals

Derivatives
Basic Properties/Formulas/Rules d ( cf ( x ) ) = cf ( x ) , c is any constant. ( f ( x ) g ( x ) ) = f ( x ) g ( x ) dx d n d ( c ) = 0 , c is any constant. ( x ) = nxn-1 , n is any number. dx dx f f g - f g (Quotient Rule) ( f g ) = f g + f g (Product Rule) = g2 g d f ( g ( x ) ) = f ( g ( x ) ) g ( x ) (Chain Rule) dx g x d d g ( x) g x e = g ( x ) e ( ) ( ln g ( x )) = g (x ) dx dx ( )

Integrals
Basic Properties/Formulas/Rules cf ( x ) dx = c f ( x ) dx , c is a constant.
b b b b

f ( x ) g ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx a f ( x ) dx = F ( x ) a = F (b ) - F ( a ) where F ( x ) = f ( x ) dx a cf ( x ) dx = c a f ( x ) dx , c is a constant. a f ( x ) g ( x ) dx = a f ( x ) dx a g ( x ) dx a f ( x ) dx = 0 a f ( x ) dx = a f ( x ) dx + c f ( x ) dx
b c b a b b b b b

a f ( x ) dx = -b f ( x ) dx a c dx = c ( b - a )
b

( )

If f ( x ) 0 on a x b then

a f ( x ) dx 0 a f ( x ) dx a g ( x ) dx
1
b

If f ( x ) g ( x ) on a x b then Common Integrals Polynomials

Common Derivatives Polynomials d d (c) = 0 ( x) = 1 dx dx Trig Functions d ( sin x ) = cos x dx d ( sec x ) = sec x tan x dx Inverse Trig Functions d ( sin -1 x ) = 1 2 dx 1- x d ( sec-1 x ) = 12 dx x x -1

d ( cx ) = c dx

d n ( x ) = nxn-1 dx

d ( cxn ) = ncxn -1 dx

dx = x + c
1 dx = ln x + c x

k dx = k x + c x
-1

x dx = n + 1 x
n

n+1

+ c, n -1

d ( cos x ) = - sin x dx d ( csc x ) = - csc x cot x dx d ( cos-1 x ) = - 1 2 dx 1- x d ( csc-1 x ) = - 12 dx x x -1

d ( tan x ) = sec2 x dx d ( cot x ) = - csc2 x dx d ( tan -1 x ) = 1 +1x2 dx d ( cot -1 x ) = - 1 +1x2 dx

dx = ln x + c

x x
p q

-n

dx =
p

1 x - n +1 + c , n 1 -n + 1
p+q q

1 dx = 1 ln ax + b + c ax + b a Trig Functions cos u du = sin u + c

dx =

p q

1 q +1 q x +c= x p+ q +1

+c

Exponential/Logarithm Functions d x d x ( a ) = a x ln ( a ) (e ) = ex dx dx d d ( ln ( x ) ) = 1 , x > 0 ( ln x ) = 1 , x 0 dx x dx x Hyperbolic Trig Functions d ( sinh x ) = cosh x dx d ( sech x ) = - sech x tanh x dx

sin u du = - cos u + c sec u du = tan u + c sec u tan u du = sec u + c csc u cot udu = - csc u + c csc u du = - cot u + c tan u du = ln sec u + c cot u du = ln sin u + c 1 sec u du = ln sec u + tan u + c sec u du = 2 ( sec u tan u + ln sec u + tan u ) + c
2 2 3

csc u du = ln csc u - cot u + c

d 1 ( log a ( x ) ) = x ln a , x > 0 dx Exponential/Logarithm Functions
u u e du = e + c

csc
u a du =

u du =

1 ( - csc u cot u + ln csc u - cot u ) + c 2

au +c ln a

ln u du = u ln ( u ) - u + c ue du = ( u - 1) e
u u

d d ( cosh x ) = sinh x ( tanh x ) = sech 2 x dx dx d d ( csch x ) = - csch x coth x ( coth x ) = - csch 2 x dx dx

e au ( a sin ( bu ) - b cos ( bu ) ) + c a + b2 e au eau cos ( bu ) du = 2 ( a cos ( bu ) + b sin ( bu ) ) + c a + b2

au

sin ( bu ) du =

+c

1 du = ln ln u + c u ln u
2005 Paul
Dawkins

Visit http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu for a complete set of Calculus I & II notes.

2005 Paul

Dawkins

Visit http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu for a complete set of Calculus I & II notes.

Common Derivatives and Integrals

Common Derivatives and Integrals

Inverse Trig Functions 1 u du = sin -1 + c 2 2 a a -u 1 1 u du = tan -1 + c 2 2 a a +u a 1 1 u du = sec-1 + c a a u u2 - a2 Hyperbolic Trig Functions sinh u du = cosh u + c

sin

-1

u du = u sin -1 u + 1 - u 2 + c 1 u du = u tan -1 u - ln (1 + u 2 ) + c 2 u du = u cos - 1 u - 1 - u 2 + c

tan

-1

cos

-1

sech tanh u du = - sech u + c tanh u du = ln ( cosh u ) + c

cosh u du = sinh u + c sech csch coth u du = - csch u + c csch sech u du = tan sinh u + c
-1

2 2

u du = tanh u + c u du = - coth u + c

Miscellaneous 1 du = 1 ln u + a + c 2 a - u2 2a u - a

1 du = 1 ln u - a + c 2 u - a2 2a u + a

Trig Substitutions If the integral contains the following root use the given substitution and formula. a a 2 - b2 x2 x = sin q and cos2 q = 1 - sin 2 q b a b2x2 - a 2 x = sec q and tan 2 q = sec 2 q -1 b a a2 + b2 x2 x = tan q and sec 2 q = 1 + tan 2 q b Partial Fractions P ( x) If integrating dx where the degree (largest exponent) of P ( x ) is smaller than the Q (x) degree of Q ( x ) then factor the denominator as completely as possible and find the partial fraction decomposition of the rational expression. Integrate the partial fraction decomposition (P.F.D.). For each factor in the denominator we get term(s) in the decomposition according to the following table. Factor in Q ( x ) ax + b ax 2 + bx + c Term in P.F.D Factor in Q ( x ) A ax + b Ax + B ax 2 + bx + c Term in P.F.D A1 A2 Ak + +L + k ax + b ( ax + b ) 2 ( ax + b )
k

u a2 a + u du = a 2 + u 2 + ln u + a 2 + u 2 + c 2 2 u 2 a2 u 2 - a 2 du = u - a 2 - ln u + u 2 - a 2 + c 2 2 u 2 a2 u 2 2 2 a - u du = a - u + sin -1 + c 2 2 a
2 2

( ax + b )

( ax

+ bx + c )

Ak x + Bk A1 x + B1 +L + k 2 ax + bx + c ( ax2 + bx + c )

2au - u 2 du =

u-a a2 a -u 2 au - u 2 + cos-1 +c 2 2 a

Products and (some) Quotients of Trig Functions n m sin x cos x dx

Standard Integration Techniques Note that all but the first one of these tend to be taught in a Calculus II class. u Substitution Given

a f ( g ( x ) ) g ( x ) dx then the substitution u = g ( x ) will convert this into the b g ( b) integral, f ( g ( x ) ) g ( x ) dx = f ( u ) du . a g ( a)

b b b

1. If n is odd. Strip one sine out and convert the remaining sines to cosines using sin 2 x = 1 - cos2 x , then use the substitution u = cos x 2. If m is odd. Strip one cosine out and convert the remaining cosines to sines using cos 2 x = 1 - sin 2 x , then use the substitution u = sin x 3. If n and m are both odd. Use either 1. or 2. 4. If n and m are both even. Use double angle formula for sine and/or half angle formulas to reduce the integral into a form that can be integrated. tan n x sec m x dx

Integration by Parts The standard formulas for integration by parts are,

udv = uv - vdu

a udv = uv a - a vdu

Choose u and dv and then compute du by differentiating u and compute v by using the fact that v = dv .
2005 Paul

Convert Example : cos 6 x = ( cos 2 x ) = (1 - sin 2 x )

3

1. If n is odd. Strip one tangent and one secant out and convert the remaining tangents to secants using tan 2 x = sec 2 x - 1 , then use the substitution u = sec x 2. If m is even. Strip two secants out and convert the remaining secants to tangents using sec 2 x = 1 + tan 2 x , then use the substitution u = tan x 3. If n is odd and m is even. Use either 1. or 2. 4. If n is even and m is odd. Each integral will be dealt with differently.
3

Visit http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu for a complete set of Calculus I & II notes.

Dawkins

Visit http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu for a complete set of Calculus I & II notes.

2005 Paul

Dawkins