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Advanced Mathematical Functions

The document summarizes information about the beta function and Hermite functions. It defines the beta function as an integral over the domain of real numbers. The beta function is represented by B(p,q) and is defined by an integral formula involving parameters p and q which must be greater than 0. It also discusses the relation of the beta function to the gamma function and lists some important properties. The document then defines the Hermite differential equation and provides the series solution approach. It derives the indicial equation and recurrence relations for the Hermite polynomials.

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433 views4 pages

Advanced Mathematical Functions

The document summarizes information about the beta function and Hermite functions. It defines the beta function as an integral over the domain of real numbers. The beta function is represented by B(p,q) and is defined by an integral formula involving parameters p and q which must be greater than 0. It also discusses the relation of the beta function to the gamma function and lists some important properties. The document then defines the Hermite differential equation and provides the series solution approach. It derives the indicial equation and recurrence relations for the Hermite polynomials.

Uploaded by

Sindhubairavi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to Mathematical Physics 2: Provides the basic details of the document including the title, author information, and a brief overview of the topics covered.
  • Beta Function: Explains the definition, properties, and applications of the Beta function, including its role in mathematical calculations and physics.
  • Hermite Function Analysis: Provides detailed mathematical analysis and proofs related to Hermite functions, including solution derivations.
  • Hermite Function: Details the differential equation form of Hermite functions and their solutions, central to quantum mechanics and mathematical physics.

NAME :SESHTA.S Type equation here .

ROLL NO :21AY604400015
SUBJECT :MATHEMATICAL
PHYSICS 2 :BETA
FUNCTION and
HERMITE FUNCTION

Beta Function Definition


The beta function is a unique function where it is classified as the first kind of Euler’s integral. The
beta function is defined in the domains of real numbers. The notation to represent the beta function
is “β”. The beta function is meant by B(p, q), where the parameters p and q should be real numbers.
The beta function in Mathematics explains the association between the set of inputs and the outputs.
Each input value the beta function is strongly associated with one output value. The beta function
plays a major role in many mathematical operations.

Beta Function Formula


The beta function formula is defined as follows:
B(p,q)=∫01tp−1(1−t)q−1dt
Where p, q > 0
The beta function plays a major role in calculus as it has a close connection with the gamma
function, which itself works as the generalisation of the factorial function. In calculus, many complex
integral functions are reduced into the normal integrals involving the beta function.
Relation with Gamma Function
The given beta function can be written in the form of gamma function as follows:
B(p,q)=Γp.ΓqΓ(p+q)
Where the gamma function is defined as:
Γ(x)=∫0∞tx−1e−tdt
Also, the beta function can͟ be calculated using the factorial formula:

β(p,q) =(p-1)(q-1)!̶̶̶̶̶̶͟͟͟ ̸ (p+q)-1)!

Beta Function Properties


The important properties of beta function are as follows:

 This function is symmetric which means that the value of beta function is irrespective to the
order of its parameters, i.e B(p, q) = B(q, p)
 B(p, q) = B(p, q+1) + B(p+1, q)
 B(p, q+1) = B(p, q). [q/(p+q)]
 B(p+1, q) = B(p, q). [p/(p+q)]
 B (p, q). B (p+q, 1-q) = π/ p sin (πq)
 The important integrals of beta functions are:

o B(p,q)=∫0∞tp−1(1+t)p+qdt

Beta Function Applications


In Physics and string approach, the beta function is used to compute and represent the scattering
amplitude for Regge trajectories. Apart from these, you will find many applications in calculus using
its related gamma function also.v

HERMITE FUNCTION
The differential equation of the form is • Here, we have
d²y÷dx² 2x dy͟÷dx+2ny=0
Is called Hermite equation.
• Suppose its series solution is
Y=ḁxᶬ+axᶬ⁺¹+a₂xᶬ⁺²+a₃xᶬ⁺³+aᵏxᶬ⁺ᵏ
dy⁄dy= ∑ak(m+k)xᶬ⁺ᵏ⁻¹
d² y⁄d²x the values of y, dy⁄dx and d²y÷dx² in eqn 1
=∑aҡ(m+k)(m-ҡ-1)xᶬ⁺ᵏ⁻²-2x∑aҡ(m+ҡ)xᶬ⁺ᵏ⁻¹+2n∑aҡxᶬ⁺ᵏ=0
= ∑aҡ(m+k)(m-ҡ-1)xᶬ⁺ᵏ⁻²-2x∑aҡ(m+ҡ)xᶬ⁺ᵏ+2n∑aҡxᶬ⁺ᵏ=0
=∑aҡ(m+k)(m-k-1)xᶬ⁺ᵏ-2-2x∑aḵ(m+ḵ)-n]xᶬ⁺ᵏ=0
This equation holds good for k = 0 and all positive integer. By our assumption k cannot be
negative.
To get the lowest degree term xm-2, we put k = 0 in the first summation of (3)
and we cannot have xm-2 from the second summation. Since k ≠ −2.
The coefficient of xm-2 is
a0 m (m – 1) = 0 ⇒ m = 0, m = 1, since a0 ≠ 0 ...(4)
This is the indicial equation.
Now equating the coefficient of next lowest degree term xm-1
, zero in (3), wev get (by putting k = 1 in the first summation and we cannot have xm²
from the second summation since (k ≠ −1).
a1m m + 1 = 0

⇒ቈ

a1 may or may not be zero when m = 0


a1 = 0, when m = 1
m + 1 ≠ 0 as m is
already equal to zero Again equating the coefficient of the general term x
m-k
to zero, we get
aḵ+2(ᶬ⁺ᵏ⁺²)(ᶬ⁺ᵏ⁺¹)-2aҡ(ᶬ⁺ᵏ⁻¹)=0
aҡ+2=2(m+k-n)⁄(m+k+2)(m+K+1) ak …..(5)
if m=0 aҡ+2 =2(k-n)⁄(K+2)(k+1) aḵ …….(6)
m=1 aҡ+2=2(k-1-n)⁄(k+3) aḵ ……(7)
Case I. When m = 0, ak+2 =2 k−n⁄( k+2)( k+1) ak
If k = 0, then, a2 =(−2n⁄2 )a0 = −na0
If k = 1, then, a3 =2 (1−n)⁄6 a1 = −2(n-1)⁄3! a₁
If k = 2, then, a4 =2(2-n)⁄12 a₂ 2(2-n)⁄12(-na₀)=(2)²ⁿ⁽ⁿ⁻²⁾⁄4! a₀
If k = 3, then, a5 =2(3-n)⁄20 a₃=2²⁽ᶾ⁻ⁿ)⁄20 (-2(n-1)⁄3!a₁)
=(2)²⁽ⁿ⁻¹⁾⁽ⁿ⁻ᶾ⁾⁄5! a₁
a₂ᵣ+1=(-2)г(n-1)(n-3)…(n-2г+1)⁄(2г+1)⁄(2г+1)!a₁=0

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