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25
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29
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32
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33

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34

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58
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ig;axmifwGif &ckdifjynfjrwf0,f pMum& rif;jrwfq,fqufwGif wpfyg;tygt0if jzpfawmfrlaom bkef;vufkH;
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'g,umtavmif;awmf oD&dpE&m; rif;w&m;BuD;onf c? q? yOmuddef;ukd NzdKNyD;aemuf vGefavNyD;aomtwdwf
60
t&SifpudE
omoemawmfjrwf ou&mZfonfum; 2519 ESp?f vGeaf vygNyb
D &k m;? aemifvmvwUH aom tem*gwfomoemjrwf
onfum; 2481 ckESpf? usefygao;onfbk&m;? Owkjzihfum; rkd;Owk 0oE? aqmif;Owk a[rE? aEGOwk *drE[l
ok;H yg;tjym; &Syd gonfb&k m;/ xko
d ;Hk yg;wkw
Yd iG f 0gqkv
d jynhaf usmw
f pf&ufaeYrpS wefaqmifrek ;f vjynfah eYtxd 0oE
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onfbk&m;/ waygif;vjynfhausmfwpf&ufaeYrS 0gqkdvjynfhaeYxd *drEaEGOwkjzpfygonfbk&m;? if;OwkokH;yg;
aygif;rSwpfEpS [
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f
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qkwq
f ,f&uf {uef? paeaeY e*g;eHreS yf gonht
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onfbk&m;/
(6) a&pufcs
Moumo-Moumo- Moumo urmonfum; b'urmrnf\/ onfum; jrifhrkd&fawmifbuf
vuf,mZrK'DyguRef;rnf\/ bk&m;onfum; ig;qlwnf;? ,ck omoemonfum; a*gwrbk&m;omoemjzpf\/
,ckjzpfaomomoemonfum; 2500jzpf\/ 'o&mZmaumZmou&mZfum; 1318ckjzpf\/ (rlvou&mZf aumZm
ou&mZfukd jzpfonfh twkdif;ukdxnfhqkdygav) ar-tuRekfyf jyKvkyf&aom ukodkvfukd rokE&DoDygpDaomiSm?
&Dpifu&m;vufzsm;ukdif &Dpufukd oGef;csvkdufygonfrSm &Dpufum; yx0Durm cef;ajcmufvmaom &Dpuf
r[kw?f ESpo
f ed ;f av;aomif; taygif;ocsmF ? NrrD suEf mS ukd pk;d ykid af eaom rokE& rD \OD;acgif; wnfvmS aom &Dpufonf
jzpfpDaom av;oacsFESihf urmwpfodef;? &SpfoacsFESifh urmwpfodef;? wpfq,fhajcmufoacsFESihf urmwpfodef;?
oacsFurmMumjrifhaomfvnf; rysufpDjim; rokE&DqHzsm; &Dpufcsxm;&m aemifcguRekfyf&pDaom? rnfonhfurm?
rnfonfuuRef;? rnfonfhbk&m; rnfonfhou&mZf rnfonfhESpf rnfonfh&uf rnfonfhvl? rnfonfumv
rnfonfhtcsdef rnfonfhukokdvfjyKaomtcg oGef;csvkdufaom &Dpufonf ,ck ighOD;acgif; ,ckxdonf igum;
jrifvkduf Mum;vkduf odvkdufonf[k rokE&D a'0bkrd oufoD&SDeD oufoDt&m wnfvSmonf a[mwk jzpfpDukef
ownf;/
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odkYjyK& jrwfyknukd BuD;xjrifhacgif jrifhrkd&fawmifOD; ruusL;om; aus;Zl;t&Sif rGD;rdcifESifh bcifwkdYtm;
&jim;ygpD trQ0D roGDedp um,ukd apmihfxyDvwf ukd,fapmifhewfESifh rjywfpD&m yD;0DiSm arwmqGDnm
q&mor bkd;bGm;up ,r&mZm a'0g,u Ebkrm tmumoe#f; txl;rSwf&m tjrwfykn ukovukd &jim;ygpD
trQ0
D oaAowm ow0g[k ememavmu teEwiG f rjywfpifum ow0go bku
H ;dk 0 0dnmPXDwd wnfbcd ek pf
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onfjzpfpDaom rokE&D NrDyHok aovmxkonf oufoDtrI wnfpDaom/
(trQ... trQ...trQ...)
omoemig;axmif ukeaf tmifapmihw
f wf &Sief wfjrwfvnf; oDapaomf? o&D"mwfaygif; taygif;apmifw
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t&SifpudE
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61
(8) qkawmif;tef
Muumoonf? ZrLxG#fwif
bk&m;&Sifukd? xdyfwifpkaygif;
vufq,facsmif;jzifh? aygif;kH;acgif;wif
wifvQifxkdxkd? jrwf&Sifyifukd
ylaZmfvDav? tefpGav/
ylaZmfNyD;rS? ckcgjzpf&
b0? qif;&Jylqm
cH&ygonf? aemifvmoHo&m
qufrsm;pGmqGif? rmomyDw
rdbrsKd;qGD? ausmfvlYNrDwGif;
wleDwuG? jzpfcspfpGav
tefpGav/
jzpfaomMurm? ZrLcsmwGif
opmav;yg;? wnfjim;owd
orm"dynm? Xm&ovQif
jrwfpGmvkH;? lygqif;0g
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tefpGav/
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aomfwmvodkY? cg;yg;uowf
&ifucsyfESihf? rId;ukd,fa&mif
acgif;wGifqHom? pGmvwfnmokdY
xkwfjim;kd;nD? od*zm;vsm;
pD&Dxm;odkY? AvHcGeftm;
q'eftiftm;? q'efaxmifaomif;
pkaygif;tnD? ausmfvkNrDwGif
ckatmifjzpfc? awmif;qk&ef
nDESihftnf;ukd? armifESifhESr
uGmruGJ? rsKd;av;wkdifav
00wD? xkdjynf&yf
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NrD;vSom;aoQ? oGm;vmonfhvnf;
tefpGav/
t&SifpudE
62

om,maysmfyg? ewfarmift&TD
acgbPDESihf? xufNrDrkd;yGm;
qif;vma&mufjim;? ewfom;Zm&Z D
t&dE[cif;? xD;eef;jymom'f
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pMumxdvk? &efolr&
usifhoDvESihf? ESpf0vlol
rpDaomfav? tefpGav/
rpDaysmf&m? eDpOfcg0,f
t&Sift&d,srdaw? yGifharcgvnf;
zl;&vQif? &wkHusifrS
zljrif&? yGifhqJawZm
uRef;jynfom? &wemukd &TDrGDjynfhpkH
ausmif;awmfeD? ewfjynfrsKd;ESifh
pnfyifaomfav? tefpGav/
pnfyifom,m? jynfoma&mufjim;
&Spfyg;y&du&m? pkHpGmvnf;urf
{nfh0wfrpJ? vkyfauR;ygaomf
jynfhonfyg&rD? qnfzkdYxGDodkY
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ynm"dvnf;? tefpGav/
ynm"du? &aomqkrGef
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usifhw&m;ESifh? ig;yg;pGefYjcif;
oDwif;aqmufwnf? awm0,f&oD
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anmifyifatmuf? aqmufwnfwlpG
p&d,onf? usihfNyD;aomfrS
ynm"du? bk&m;trSef
vlewfjA[m? ow0gtaygif;wkdYonf
aomif;aomif;om"kac:qDaom0f.../
t&SifpudE
63
taemufjynf r[mrkedkyfyGm;rsm;
t&SifpudE (&ckdifajr)
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ajrmufO;D acwf aemufyidk ;f xd &wemAdrmefausmif;wku
d q
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aom r[mrkedkyf&Sifawmfukd twk,l xkvkyfonfh kyfyGm;awmf qif;wkawmfyifjzpfavonf/ r[musDqif;wkrsm;
qkv
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d rif;u Ak'u
,
dk pf m; oGe;f vkycf ahJ om r[mrked yk &f iS af wmf twkid ;f
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fh mG ;Ny;D xkrd S av;rkid cf &D;
qufvQif zl;awGUEkdifonf/ r[mrkedokdY ra&mufrD 2rkdifc&D; avsmif;awmfrl wpfqludkvnf; zl;awGUEkdifavonf/
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onf/ xkdbk&m;ukd aEG&moDwGif zl;jrifMuolrsm; rjywfpnfum;avonf/
xif&Sm;aombk&m;qif;wkrsm;
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d nf/ wykw
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(2)
r[mrkerd S ajrmufbufoYdk 6rkid o
f mG ;vQif tde&f mrlwed ?f r&rmBu;D &GmxJvnf; xkid af wmfral Mu;qif;wk bk&m;
wpfql&Sdavonf/ ESpfpOf wefcl;vjynhfaeYwGif bk&m;yGJusif;yavonf
(3)
,if;rSajrmufbufukd a'0oQ aps;tvGef 0ufacgif; &ckdif&GmwGif ausmufkdqif;wk okH;awmifcefY wpfql&Sd
onf/ oDwif;uRwfvjynhfwGif bk&m;yGJusif;yavonf/
(4)
,if;rSta&SUajrmuf axmykdY&ajcmuf&GmwGif awmifqkyfavmufom&Sdaom aMu;qif;wkwpfql&Sdonf/
64
t&SifpudE
aMu;qif;wk twkdif;tpm; kyfwkawmfrsm;qkdvQif
(5)
&ifa*g (yvHawmif) wGifwpfql
(6)
Akdvfrif;axmife,f aumufc&D&GmwGifwpfql
(7)
&*Fgrmwd oufaxmifwGifwpfql
(8)
Akdvfrif;axmif uykd&GmwGifwpfql
(9)
Akdvfrif;axmif &ckdif0wGif (wrkwfceYf&Sd) wpfql/
azmfjyyg 4-rS 8-xd qif;wkrsm;rSm uHomacsmif;? pdeaf jrmif&dS qif;wkawmf(&Siaf usm)f ESifh rjcm;rem; rBu;D ri,f
t&G,ftpm;&Sdavonf/ pdefajrmifbk&m;ESihftpm;wl? r[m*sD &Sifausmfqif;wkawmfrsm;um; tESHYtjym;&SdaMumif;
avhvmzl;olrsm;xHrS od&onf/
pdefajrmif &Sifausmfbk&m;
pdefajrmif&Sifausmfbk&m;rSm rlvu uHomacsmif;rS ig;oJh&GmwGif &&Sdaom bk&m;jzpfonf[kvnf;aumif;?
uHomacsmif; (ajrmif)rS pdeaf &mifawmifxeG ;f vsuf ta&mifueG jYf rL;pGm awGU&Szd ;l jrif&onfuadk xmuf pdeaf jrmifb&k m;
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xkdq&mawmf aq;uka&mufaeckduf xkda'orS wumrsm;u xkdbk&m;ukd q&mawmf\cGifhjyKcsuft& y ifh
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qkH;jzpfaeay\/ oBuFefwGif bk&m;zl;oGm;rsm;? &SifjyK? tvSLay;olrsm; jynhfusyfpnfum;ay\/ OmPfawmfrSm
awmifqkwf(wqkwfavQmhwpfawmif)cefYjrifh&Snf\/ ta&miftvGefawmufy\/ ppfwpfaumif;rS ]umpfwkduf}okdY
oGm;&m armfawmfum;jzihf pD;oGm; uHomacsmif;wGif avSjzihu
f ;l vsuf zl;ajrmf&avonf/ uHomacsmif;awmifbuf
wGif ausmif;BuD;twGif; *Emuk#dwkdufcef;wGif udef;0yfvsuf&Sdaeay\/
azmfjyyg qif;wkawmfrsm;ukd axmuf taemufjynf b*FgwGif &ckdifrif;rsm; vufxufuyif Ak'omoem
wnfxm;xGe;f um;&mXmejzpfaMumif; odtyfygonf/ r[mrked yk yf mG ;awmfEiS fh r[m*sD yk yf mG ;rsm;teuf twkid ;f twm
wnfxm;av;jrwfjcif; jyKcJhaMumif; ,ckwkdif oufaocHtjzpf xif&Sm;&Sdaeayawmhownf;/
&ckdifjynfe,f pmapmiftwGJ (1) trSwf (4)
1977-ckESpf? rwfvxkwfrS
t&SifpudE
65
&ckdifjynf Ak'kyfyGm;apwD xkvkyfwnfxm;rIrsm;

ewfjrpf pef;atmif
Ak'vufxuf kyfwkoGef;vkyfrIrsm;
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kyyf aHk wmftwk oGe;f vkyjf yKvyk rf o
I nf xkb
d &k m;&Siv
f ufxufawmfuyif pwifcahJ Mumif;jzxif
tqkdtrdefY &SdMuavonf/ usD;oJav;xyfq&mawmf\ ZrL'Dypmwrf;wGif ra[om&ewfu bk&m;ukd ukd;uG,fol
tjzpf a&mufNyD;aemuf if;ae&m rEm*D&dawmif oDwif;okH;&efavQmufonf/ vufrcHaomaMumihf bk&m;&Sif\
kyfyGm;oPmefukd zefqif; ukd;uG,fcGihfawmif;avonf/ tcGihfjyKcJh&mum; if;onf *Euk#dwGif bk&m;&Sif\
kyfoGifqif;wkawmfukd oufawmfxif&Sm;&SdouJhodkY jyKvkyf tpOfukd;uG,fxm;cJhavonfqkd\?
tvm;wl Ak'x
if&mS ;&Spd Of [dr0Em pEmrkeu
d v
dk nf;aumif;? ouswidk ;f ousrek u
d v
dk nf;aumif;? om0wd
jynf pEeom&rkeu
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dk nf;aumif;? &ckid jf ynf r[mrkeu
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ukef;ajr jcm;ykdif;? wHwkdif;rD;wm;

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

ousrm&ZdefESihf twkva0,ef ausmufpmtykd'f-3

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&uyl& Ak'omoem a&mifjcnfpmapmif? ESm-30/

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

,Mum aMu;acgif;avmif; BuD;-i,f

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ckdif,Ofaus;rIrsm; trSwf (4)

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ckdif,Ofaus;rIrsm; trSwf (4)

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ckdif,Ofaus;rIrsm; trSwf (4)

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ckdif,Ofaus;rIrsm; trSwf (4)

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

(u) &ckdife,fcsJUawmfvSefa&;? ysKd;axmifrI (&ckdifr*Zif; trSwf 3)

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ckdif,Ofaus;rIrsm; trSwf (4)

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ckdif,Ofaus;rIrsm; trSwf (4)

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ckdif,Ofaus;rIrsm; trSwf (4)

&ckdif,Ofaus;rIrsm; trSwf (4)

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ckdif,Ofaus;rIrsm; trSwf (4)

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ckdif,Ofaus;rIrsm; trSwf (4)

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ckdif,Ofaus;rIrsm; trSwf (4)

&ckdif,Ofaus;rIrsm; trSwf (4)

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ckdif,Ofaus;rIrsm; trSwf (4)

&ck d i f o m;BuD ; pmay

&ckdif,Ofaus;rIrsm; trSwf (4)

&ckdif,Ofaus;rIrsm; trSwf (4)