Ou_ .

%J: uqK Ndrfha

fmd mqKHdkqfudaokdj
uyfKks " wdi odkhh" Ou_ odkhh" hk f
~~~~~~~~uyfKks
oka foflls ' f oka fol w;= f rka fuhu w.% h tk" Ou_ odkh'~~
f wisu;a nqjok w.h lrk fndfyda mdGlhska
;u mrf,da iem;a ujqmshd {d;Skag lD;.=KmQj_lj
mska wkqfudaoka lrf rd.; pd;%hg wkqj f,dl=
l=vd m;Hd. mskuk neka foia - foia jeis .sys me oy msmdis; Yd, msilg w, oy wudmeka
fkd,fha fnodfok Ou_ .% J : uq K Ndrh
mqKHdkqfudaokd jYfhka tu Ou_ odkuh l=Y,h tlS
ms k a j ;= k a g yd {d;S k a g ;a fuu ~wud.~ fkdis
.,dhdug ksr;=rej ld,h" Okh" Y%uh jehlrk
ieug;a mru Ydk; W;= wuduy ksjkska iekiSug
WmksY%h im;lau fjdhs m;k nj okajd isuq'

fuhg"
iiqka ,e
Ou_ .%J: uqK Ndrh'

ukfia udhdj

Ou_odkhls
uqo,g lsKSu imqrd ;yk fjhs'

m%:u uqKh

^ld<ldrdu iQ;%fhys w:_ jrKhls'&

The Magic of the Mind

fmd; ,nd.; yels ia:dk

1'

fmd;a.=,a., wdrKH fiakdikh

~myka lKqj~ lkafoaf.or" foajdf,a.u'

2'

frdah,a bkaiahq"
191" yef,dla mdr" fld<U 5'

3'

' ' fr., uy;d

422" je,smdr" ;,j;=f.dv'

4'

wkqr rEmisxy uy;d

27" fld<U h" uykqjr

5'

fyaud rEmisxy h
26" yef,dla mdr" .d,a,'

6'

tia' ta' ,hk,a uy;d

140$19" reyqKqis WoHdkh"
ylauK mdr" ud;r'

7'

uyd Ndrldr fomd;_fka;=j

2" nq,ia mgqu." fld<U 07'

kue;s .%J:fha isxy, wkqjdohhs

lgql=rekafoa [dKkJo NsCIq

ISBN 978 - 955 - 1255 - 35 - 0

fmd;a.,
= .
a , wdrKH fiakdikh
~myka lKqj~
lkafoaf.or" foajdf,a.u

- 2010 wf.dai;
a =

fj wvh( www.seeingthroughthenet.net

m%ldYkh
Ou_.J% : uqK Ndrh

2010

uqKh
fld,s m%skagia
17$2" mesj;a; mdr" .xf.dv,"kqf.af.dv'
fg,s ( 011-4870333

ii

yekau
^m%:u uqKh&

ld<ldrdu iQ;%h - ft;sydisl miqu

nqrcdKka jykafia ld<ldrdu iQ;h
% foaYkd lr jodf<a idfla;
kqjr ld<ldrdufha jev jdih lrk wji:djlh' wx.=;;r ksldfha
p;=ll ksmd;fha fuu iQ;%h lafjk ;ek1 iQ;%fhys ksodkh jYfhka
th foiSug fya;=jQ fYaI isohla i|yka ke;' ufkdr:mQrKS
% foaYkd lsug ;=v
q ka lreK yehg olajkafka
wx.=;;r wgqjdj2 ta iQ;h
ld<ldrduh lrjQ ld<l isgdKka f;rejka irK hdf m%;srdjhhs'
wgqjdjg wkqj" nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a wdYpj;a .=Kiuqodh ms<sn|j
me;=reKq lS;s f>daIfhys m%;sM,hla jYfhka f iQ;%h foaYkd lrkag
fhks'
flfia fyda fjd" fuu iQ;% foaYkdj we;a; jYfhkau ;:d.;hka
jykafiaf.a f,daflda;;r m%{d uysufha we;e wdYapj;a wxY oyd
mdk wkaof foiqula nj meye,sh' iQ;% foaYkdfjys m%;r
s djh ienekau
iauhckl jQ nj wgqjdj ixfla;d;ulj m%ldY lrkafka NsCIQka
jykafia,d mkaish kulf.a wy_Fj m%;s,dNhg fya;= jQ f foaYkdf
wji:d mylu mDh lmd jQ nj lafuks'
ld<ldrdu iQ;%h ft;sydisl jeo.;alu w;skao Wiia ;ekla
.kshs' wfYdal wrdchdf.a rdcH iufhys isjQ uydOu_; fufyfhys
tla mshjrla jYfhka fhdakl rgg jevu l< uyd rC; uyry;ka
jykafia tys fuu iQ;%h foaYkd l< nj wgqjdjkays iy jxY
l:djkays tk m%jD;;sj,ska fy<sf' 'fhdakl' kdufhka .%Sl cd;slhska
yeka f j;ehs ms < s . ;fyd;a ta id jeo.;a wji:djl foa Y kd
ud;Dldjla jYfhka ld<ldrdu iQ;%h jeks .eUqre odY_ksl iQ;%hla
f;dard.ekSu wyfnka jQ isohlehs ie,lsh fkdfya' odY_ksl
ka;djkaf.ka uqyql=rd .sh .%Sl ukig f foaYkdj uekka Ih
h yelsh hk woyi thg ;=vqfokag we;ehs is;sh yel' foaYkdj
1' wx'ks' II 50 msg ^nq'c';%s&
2' wx'w' II 482 msg ^fya'uq'&
iii

fhdakl foaYjdiSkag ienekau w:_j;a jQ nj i|yka lrk ft;sydisl

uQ,dY%hkays foaYkdjidkfhys ;siay;aoyila ud._M,djfndaOh l<
ne lshef'
merKs ,lajeisfhdao ld<ldrdu iQ;%h >_ Ou_ foaYkdjlg
Wmfhda.S lr.; yels wkaof Ou_ idrhla le lr.;a iQ;%hla
f,i w.h l<nj fmfka' th ij_rd;%sl Ou_ foaYkdjlg ud;Dldj
lr .kakd ,o tla isyslghq;= wji:djla k ld< nqoOrl;
uyry;ka jykafia f;sh.s mj_;fhys ljr fmdfydaod l
;s.i hg jevys| ld<ldrdu iQ;%h foaYkd l< wji:djhs' iQ;%
ld<
kdufha;a" foaYl kdufha;a" foaYs; mirfha;a jQ "lnj" ^ld<
ld<&
ksid th jvd;a wkqiaurKSh isohla njg m;ajkag we;' tfukau
ioOd;siai uyrcq ta ij_rd;%sl foaYkhg ijka ka msi w;r isuo
ta ld<ldrdu iQ;% foaYkdf iNdjkShFjhg fya;=jkag we;ehs
is;sh yelsh'

iQ;%fhys ld,Sk jeo.;alu

tjka iNdjkSh ft;sydisl miqula we;s kuq ld<ldrdu
iQ;%h ful, k ckm%sh iQ;%hla f,i yekah fkdfya' ful, th
Ou_foaYkdjlg ud;Dld lr.kq ,nkafkao l,d;=rlsks' Ou_ Ydia;%Sh
oaj;a ,smsj,o thg ;ekla ,efnk nj;a fkdfmfka' tfy;a fuh
iQ;%fha ld,dkqrEmnj uekSug ksis iqplhla f,i fkd.sKsh hq;=h'
ld<ldrdu iQ;%h wo "ljr" uq,a,lg ;,a we;af;a tys ixCIsm;
Ndjh;a" kqyqre kqmqre p;=Iaflda ;l_kHdhhg we;s in|;dj;a
ksidh' 'Wka - m,af,ka' lshjd f.khk mdGlhl=g iQ;%h iajkafka
Y=Il jdlHLKv rgdjla yd weoysh fkdyels lshuka je,la f,igh'
t;l= jqj;a ndysr ieleiaf fmfkk ta Y=Il njg;a woaN+; njg;a
hka ikd;k w.hlska hq;= oY_khla f.dvkd .ekSfuys,d Wmfhda.S
lr.; yels idrOu_ /ila iQ;%fhys wk;._;j we;' merKs nqiufha
{dkNd.h ms<sn| iqfYaI ,CIK oyd mdk ld<ldrdu iQ;%h
;=<ska f kQ;k hq.fhys odY_ksl yd ufkdaoHd;ul mfh_IK
fCIa;%hkays nyq,j olakg ,efnk wdl+, - jHdl+,;d i|d,Sug
ufydamld jk uQ,Ou_ fy<slr.; yelsh'
iv

bm;a lsu
ld<ldrdu iQ;%h thgu W; jQ wdl,amhlska we.ehSug yelsjk
m mdGl uki ilia lrkq msKsi .%J:fhys uq,a mfpoh 'ccd
laula' bm;a lrhs' thu f lD;sfhka f.k tk w:_jrKhg
"m%i;
a djkdjla" jkq we;' tfiao jqj" fuu 'cd lau' yq fkdaodx.hla
fkdjk nj lsj hq;=h' ta jQl,s nqoO foaYkd.; tla;rd iQ;%
fldgil ldf,da; ia;drhla muKs' iQ;%d.; m%i;=; Wmudfjka
werfUk m%i;djkdj" kejq rihlska hq;= Wmud l:djla foig
ys hkafka idudkHfhka mdGl weig h,s fmkqulska iajk
iQ;%hg <- .kajk f;;ukla imhks' tfukau" fuu m%i;djkdj"
iS; w:_hlska .%J:d.; Ou_ jrKhg o< iels,a,lao jkq we;'
fojk mfpoh iQ;%fha wkqjdohla iy jrKd;ul mdol
igyka lsysmhla bm;a lrhs' wgqjdfjka WoOD; fldgia iys; f
mdol igyka u.ska wfmaCIs; w:_h jkafka mdGdk;r Iu;djlska
jdodmkakj wo wm w;g m;a we;s iQ;% foaYkdj ;=<ska lsish
w:_idrhla u;= lruhs' tfiajqjo" iQ;%dk;._; Ou_idrh jvd;a .eUqka
we.ehSu u;=jg tk mfpohkgu Ndrf'
m%:u mfpofhys tk Wmudfjys yd Wmud l:dfjys W;
njg iy w:_j;anjg b mfpo idCIs orkq we;' bkq wjidk
mfpoh mYsIghl ijrEmh .kshs' {dkfhys udhd;ul nj"
LJO" Od;=" wdh;k" mppiuqmmdo hk Ou_ fldgGdY wdY%fhka
.%ylrk fiiq mfpo" ta ta iQ;% m%foaYhkays is we;s iqfoaYs;
Ou_mo mqImhka 'Ouumox iqfois;x' jrK ud._hg ksr;=reju weo.kafka
ta ish,a, yels;dla rg u,aoula fuka f.d;d,ks'1 msgld.;jQo"
kQ;kjQo Wmud ixiJok wdh ;=<ska wji:dfjda;j m%i;=; Ou_
ldrKd ikaoY_kh flfrkq we;'
"Wmudjlskq fuys we;e kqjKe;s mqreIfhda lS fhys wre;
uekeka jgyd .ks;a"2
*

1' n,kak( O'm' mqmMj.." .d' 44" 45

2' n,kak( 'kS' II 526" ^nQ'c";%s'&" u'ks' II 78 msg ^nq'c';%s&
v

ld<ldrdu iQ ; % f hys w:_ jrKhla jYfhka fodvka j

fmd,a.iaj fikiqfkys jevfjfik wjfhys 1972 jif wm
w;ska ,shejqkq 'The Magic of the Mind' kue;s lD;sh uykqjr fn!oO
.%J: m%ldYk i;sh u.ska 1974 jif m<uqjrg t<solajkag
fhks' f jk g lsysmjrlau uqKh lr we;s tu lD;sh"
hqf.dia,dhka" cuka iy fldhka NdIdj,go mj;_kh we;'
wm Ou_ .%J: uqKNdrh u.ska 2007 jif fmdf;ys ixfYda;
Ou_odk uqKhla m<lrk ,' mud kuq;a fmdf;ys isxy, wkqjdohla
fufia t<solajkag yelsu .ek i;=gqfjuq'
ukfia udhdj
"ukfia
udhdj" kka t<s olsk fuu isxy, wkqjdoh
yels;dla rg uq,a lD;shg wkqrEmju bm;a lsug W;aidy
lf<uq' by; lajQfhao tu bx.%Sis fmd;g ,shQ yekafuys isxy,
wkqjdohhs'
tu lD;sfhys ieflka idlpPd lrk ,o we;e
.eUqre Ou_ lreKq
uE;l m<jQ wmf.a 'ksjfka ksu' .%J:
ud,dfjys jvd;a iia;rj .%y lrkag fhks' 'ukfia udhdj'
lshfuka Ou_ m%fndaOhla we;slr.;a mdGlhskayg tfldf<dia
fjulska iuka; tlS .%J: ud,dju fyda hg;a msfihska tys
mjdr .%J: jYfhka m<jQ 'p,k ;%h' iy 'h iq<sh' hk l=vd
fmd;a fol fyda ksjka ufys bhg hdug w;aje,la jkq we;ehs
ysuq'
fuu lD;sh t<slafuys,d m;Hd.YS,Sj wkq.%yh lajQ
ieugo wkql%uKsldj ilia l< v' t' iS' l%uisxy uy;dg iy
uqK lghq;= uekka bgql< fld,s m%skagia iud.f iS'chfidau
uy;d we;= ieugo wmf.a mqKHdkqfudaokdj ysf'

fuhg"
iiqka ,e
lgql=rekafoa [dKkJo NsCIq
fmd;a.=,a., wdrKH fiakdikh
~myka lKqj~
lkafoaf.or" foajdf,a.u
2009 wfm%a,a 15 ^2552&
vi

m%ldYl ksfokh
w;smQcH lgql=rekafoa [dKkJo iajdkahka jykafiaf.a ~~ksjfka
ksu~~ foaYkd uqKh fldg" ta ms<sn|j Wkkajla olajk whyg
tu oy fmd;a ,ndf uQ,sl woyi wm ;=< we;s uq;a" uqKh
i|yd jeh jk uqo, Wmhd .ekau m%Yakhla h' th iu msKsi
wm lsysm fofkla fhdackd lf<a jehjk uqK hou muKla wh
lr .ekaug m%udKj;a jQ ,lg tu oy fmd;a lsKSuhs' tfy;a"
wmf.a tu fhdackdj .re [dKkJo iajdka jykafia tlfy,d
m%;sfCIam lrka ~~Ouh , lrkak neye" th wjYH whyg
fkdf,a ,nd .ekaug yelsh hq;=hs'''~~ lSy'
tneka Wkajykafia woyia l< m uq,skau uqKh l, ~~ksjfka
ksu~~ foaYk ud,dj i|yd ho ,nd .ekaf jev ms<sfj,la
jYfhka frdah,a bkaiahq ys wm;s ''nKavdr uy;d iska
uyd Ndrldr fomd;fka;=fjys ~~Ou .%ka: uqK Ndrh~~ kka
wruqo,la wrUkq ,eh' tjlg uyd Ndrldr OQrh rE hQ' udmd
uy;df.a woyila wkqj msysgqjk ,o tlS Ndrfhys wruqK jQfha fuu
mqKH l%shdj bgqlr .ekSu i|yd odhl ug leu;s wh yg uqo,ska
flfrk ;u mqKHdOdr tu Ndrhg ner lsug wjia:dj i<id
uhs '
1997 jif werUqkq fuu Ou .%ka: uqK Ndrh u.ska mQcH
[dKkJo yshkaf.a foaYkd 33 lska hq;a ~~ksjfka ksu~~ fj 11
lska uqKh fldg fkdf,a fnod ug wu;rj mif<diajl fmdfyda
khkays myka lKqj fikiqk fj; /iafjk Wmdil Wmdisldjka
i|yd Wkajykafia iska flfrk Ou foaYkd ~~myka lKqj Ou
foaYkd~~ kka f jk g .%ka: 6la m<fldg ;sf' t;ekska
fkdkej;S Wkajykafiaf.a wfkl=;a isxy, iy bx.S%is .%ka:o tfiau
Ou odk jYfhka m<lsug yelsu Bg odhl jQ wm ieuf.a
buy;a i;=gg fya;=h'
w;s mQcH [dKkJo iajdka jykafiaf.a tu Ou foaYkd w.hka
tu i;aldhh fkdkj;ajd lrf.k hEu msKsi odhl Nj;=kaf.ka
wm fj; ,efnk meiiq iys; m%;spdrh ksidu ta whf.a myiqj
msKsi wm iska uE;l ~~Ou .%ka: uqK Ndrh~~ kka im;a
nexl=f kqf.af.dv YdLdf wxl 0003 6000 1415 orK cx.u
.sKqu jD; lrk ,'
vii

w;s mQcH lgql=rekafoa [dKkJo yshka iska myod fokq ,nk

ksu, nq oyu Tn w;g m;a lsu wmf.a tlu wruqKhs' Bg
Tnf.ka ,efnk odhl;ajh buy;a l=Y,hls' wmg buy;a ffOhhls'
fuu jkd .%ka: uqKh fldg fnod yef imQK ldhNdrh
'' nKavdr uy;d iska frdah,a bkaiahq ys mskaj;a ks,Odkaf.a
iydho we;sj fjfyi uykais fkdn,d bgqlr u .ek wmf.a
n,j;a m%idoh fuys,d fYaIfhkau i|yka l<hq;= f'
fuhg"
iiqka ,e
Ou .%ka: uqK Ndrldr uKav,h

Ou_ foaYkd ixhqla; ;e

fuu Ou_odk jevms<sfjf,ys fofjks whr jYfhka msysgqjk
,o uykqjr Ou_Y%jK udOH Ndrh u.ska ilia lrkq ,nk Ou_foaYkd
ixhqla; ;e kg Ou_odk fmd; m; fnodyk ia:dk lsysmfhka
Ou_Y%jKdNs,dISkag fkd,fhau ,nd.; yelsh'
Ou_Y%jK udOH Ndrfha Ou_odk lghq;= j,g iydhjkq
leu;s mskaj;=ka ta ms<sn|j my; i|yka rl:k wxlhlg uiS
fhduq lsu uek'
1' wkqr rEmisxy uy;d
wxl( 27" fld<U h" uykqjr'
(l( 081-2232376
2' t't'fla' isfiak uy;d
(l( 071-8248608
viii

Ou_ .%J: uqK Ndrh u.ska m<lefrk

.%J: uqKhg odhl u
w;s mQcH lgql=rekafoa [dKkkao iajdkahka jykafia iska
foaYs; ksu, nq oyu" ~~ksjfka ksu~~ iy ~~myka lKqj Ou
foaYkd~~ kka m< we;s oy fmd;a ;=<ska f jk g;a Tn
we;e g lshjd ;sh yel'
tu iajdka jykafiaf.a Ou foaYkd yels muK uqKh fldg
fkdf,a fnod u Ou .%ka: uqK Ndrfha wruqKhs'
fuf;la tu Ndrh u.ska m<fldg we;s Ou .%ka: tlS .%ka:
j, wjidk msgqfjys olajd we;'
fuu uy= mqKH ls%hdj i|yd odhl ug leu;s mskaj;=ka"
my; i|yka Wmfoia ms<smeu uek'
1' fplam;a u.ska tjk ish wdOdr ~~Ou .%ka: uqK Ndrh~~
kka im;a nexl=f kqf.af.dv YdLdf wxl 0003 6000 1415
orK .sKqug ner lsu msKsi my; i|yka ,smskhg th
yels h '
2' jhsfka msys kEu im;a nexl= YdLdjla u.ska Tnf.a wdOdr
uqo,a by; i|yka .sKqug ner l, yel'
3' flfia jqjo" Tnf.a myiqj msKsi ish mqKHdOdr fld<U 05"
yef,dla mdf wxl 191 ys msys frdah,a bkaiahq wdh;kfha
Ou .%ka: uqK Ndrh fjkqfjka msysgqjd we;s wxYhgo ndr
hyel'
4' fuu Ndrh u.ska ksl=;a lefrk Ou .%ka: u.ska Tnf.a
odhl;ajh jka jr odhl Nj;=kaf.a k.ekau i|yd m< lrkq
we;'
5' Tn iska lrkq ,nk wdOdrh nexl= .sKqug ner lrk g ta
i|yd ksl=;a lrkq ,nk l=;dkaisfhys Pdhd msgm;la my;
i|yka ,smskhg tfuka fuu Ou odkuh lghq;a;g odhl
jk Tnf.a ku iy odhl uqo, wm iska jka jr m< lrk
odhl ,ehsia;=fjys we;=<;a lsu l< yelsh'
Ou .%ka: uqK Ndrh
frdah,a bkaiahq
wxl 191" yef,dla mdr
fld<U 05
ix

wud .
uyje,s . W;=rg ye/fuka miq tf;la ksire uqvq f,i
mej;s fmfoiaj, isjQfha buy;a fjkfils' msmdihg meka|la
fkd,nd is f.dyq fmfoi mqrd ksyj .,d hk isis,a h oyka
mskd .shy' ue,jqkq f.dhu irej ks,ajkaj lr,ska nr h' u,a
m,ska .ejiS.;a ;=re-,sh n,d iekfik fmfoia jeisfhda ;=gq l
j.=<y'
oy wud . ~~W;=rg~~ ye/f jev ms<sfj<la fuhg f;jirlg
fmr werUqKs' oy m;-fmd; ;nd ~~tod-f,~~ i|yd j;a h
meyeo lsug j;a-lula ke;af;da" ksyj fkd,fha .,dhk
w, oy wud h oyka ioy msmdih ikaisjd .;ay' wgq
igq yer" ieoeyefhka irej" .=K kqjKska nrj ms<sfj;a ug
ke .;ay' f,d - f,djq;=re u,a m, fk,d .kska yo mqrd ms
ne;sfhka kka whqka fidki m<l<y'
~~Ou_ .%J: uqK Ndrh~~ kka h;a l< fuu Ou_odk jevms<sfj,
i|yd wmf.ka jehjqfka msis Ou_odk ixl,amh muKs' wud.
~~W;=rg~~ ye/jQfjda iiqka .=K ykk m;Hd.YS,S ieoeyej;ayquh'
~~ksjfka ksu~~ fmd;a fm< t<s oelafuka fkdkej;S ~~myka lKqj
Ou_foaYkd~~ fmd;a fmf<ys ~~nr mek~~ oeug;a" foia - foiaj, oy
msmdis;hska Wfoid wm w;ska ,shefjk wksl=;a fmd; - m; ta
whqkau t<s oelaug;a Tjqyq W;aiql jQy' ~~fok foa msisju f~~
woyiska w, jQ oyu Bg ksis fYdaNk uqKhlskau Ou_ldka w;g
m;a lsug mshjr .;ay' uqs; msgm;a ixLHdj wjikajkq yd iu.u
~~kej; uqK~~ m<lsfuka oy wud . h<S hd fkdug oe
wgklska wem lemjQy'
~~fmd;a wf,h~~ ms<sn|j ful, nyq,j olakg ,efnk jdKsc
ixl,amhg msgqmd" ;yxj,ska f;drj" ;uka w;g fkd,fhau m;a
lefrk ~~oy mqr~~ ;=<ska Ou_odk ixl,amfhys w.h jgyd .;a
fndfyda mdGl mskaj;ayq ;uka ,o ri wyrla" kE-ys;j;=ka iu.
fnod-yod .kakdla fuka fkduiqrej wka oy ,ehkgo Ou_
odkhg iyNd.S jQy' bkq fkdkej;S" Yla;s muKska ~~Ou_ .%J:
uqKNdrhg~~ Wrugo bm;ajQy" we;efula f,dl= l=vd oy fmd;a
uqKh lrf yd kej;-kej; uqKh lrf nrmek bis,Sug
mjd miqng fkdjQy'
x

.%J: ixfla; ksrEmkh

inq iiqk f ,la fmdf<dfjys mj;sk ;dla f oy wud.

f,da i;=ka is;a ikyka fkdis .,d fhajd hkq wmf.a me;=uhs'
~~innodkx Ouuodkx kd;s~~
fuhg"
iiqka ,e
lgql=rekafoa [dKkJo NsCIq
fmd;a.=,a., wdrKH fiakdikh
~myka lKqj~
lkafoaf.or" foajdf,a.u
2000 cqks 05 ^2544 fmdfidka&

uyd'
'ks '
u'ks '
ix'ks'
wx'ks'
Lq'ks'
O'm'
Wod'
b;s'
iq'ks'
f:r'
'w
wx'w

nq'c';%s P.T.S fya'uq' -

xi

uyd j.. md<s

> ksldh
ucCu ksldh
ixhq;; ksldh
wx.=;;r ksldh
Lqool ksldh
Ouumo
Wodk
b;sjq;;l
iq;;ksmd;
f:r .d:d
>ksldh wgGl:d ^iquX.,,diskS&
wx.=;;r ksldh wgGl:d ^ufkdar:mQrKS&

nqoO chk;s ;%smsgl .%J:ud,d

Pali Text Society (ed.)
ihsuka fyajd;drK uqKh

xii

6 jk foaYkh

63

mgqk
msgq
yekau

iii

m%ldYl ksfokh

vii

Ou_ .%J: uqK Ndrh u.ska m<lefrk

.%ka: uqKhg odhlu

ix

wud.

.%J: ixfla; ksrEmkh

xii

cd lau ^m%i;djkdjls&

ld<ldrdu iQ;%h

bJsh {dkfha ks;; yd ks;; lrKh

10

mpp iuqmmdoh - ue u.la

15

h iq<s .egqu ^[[dK- kdurEm foms<&

24

wd;auh - oDI fldaKhl Wm;

33

f,daflda;;r ud._h

41

;:;dj iy ;d mqoa.,hd

44

ixl,amhkaf.a idrh

59

wksoiik [[dKh

73

ksjk mru Ydk;shhs ^mYsIghls&

87

wkql%uKsldj ^mo h;=r&

97
xiii

"t;oF:d" NslLfj" l:d" t;oF:d" uk;;d" t;oF:d Wmksid"

t;oF:x fid;dpOdkx hox - wkqmdod ;;ii fudflLd"
- wx' ks' 1- 354
"fh" uyfKks" l:dfjys w:_h" fh uk;%Kfhys w:_h"
fh weiqfrys w:_h" fh lkafhduqlsfuys w:_h"
tk - Wmdodkfhka f;dr ;; uql;sh"

xiv

1' cd lau
^m%i;djkdjls&
"''''''''' uyfKks" hfia udhdlrefjla ^cdlrefjla& fyda
udhdlrejl=f.a w;jeiafila fyda isjquxif,l udhdjla ^cdjla&
olajkafkao" weia we;s mqreIfhla ta udhdj olskafkah" is;d n,kafkah"
kqjKska mslaikafkah' olsk" is;dn,k" kqjKska mslaik Tyqg
th ysiajQjla fiau jegfykafkah" fnd,ajQjla fiau jegfykafkah" yr
ke;a;la fiau jegfykafkah" lsfulao" uyfKks" udhdjl we;s yrh@
tfiau uyfKks" w;S; wkd.; j;_udkjQ wdOHd;l jQ fyda
ndysrjQ fyda" rjQ fyda ishq jQ fyda" my;ajQ" fyda WiiajQ fyda" rjQ
fyda <jQ fyda" hlsis [[dKhla fo" uyKf;u th olshs"
is;d n,hs" kqjKska mslaihs' olsk" is;d n,k" kqjKska mslaik
Tyqg th ysiajQjla fiau jegfyhs" fnd,ajQjla fiau jegfyhs" yrke;a;la
fiau jegfyhs" lsfulao uyfKks" [[dKhl we;s yrh@'''''
rEmh fmKmsqjla fia
iafka
fokdj h nqnq,la
jekafka
=j Wmudjg .;s
ikafka
ieleiq l| flfi,ska lafjkafka
udhdju Wmudjls
kefKa
ukil fudaykhla
we;slrfka
ysre l=, - kE nq ro olajkafka
mial| f,ia mia
Wmudjlsfka
-fMKmsKavQmu iQ;%h
LJO ixhq;; - ix'ks'III240

*
1

Tn fndfyda wji:dj, mqufhka mquhg m;al< ckm%sh

cdldrhd h<s;a cd laula fmkaug Tf k.rhg meK
ishs' Tyq meK we;s mqj; me;sr .sfhka cd lau olskq is
Yd, msila wo iJoY_k Yd,dj fj; ,ys ,ysfha we hkq fmfka'
Tn;a l m;la , f.k flfia fyda Yd,dj ;=<g x.d.;af;ysh'
kgu wiqkaj,g uyfmdrhls' tfy;a Tng k wiqkla
w,a,d.ekSug WkJjla ke;' ukao@ Tn wo Yd,djg msisfha
fjk;a woyilska neks' tk" cdlref.a cd ryia fy<slr.ekSf
woyisks' cdj ms<sn| wcdj relr.ekSf wfhks' tksid Tn
/ialld f;rfmk msia mSrdf.k bhg we fldf wre
uq,a,l ie .kafkysh'
cdlre l ;sr w;ka l we lg,hlska ieriS
fldjg msfihs' Tyqf.a ryia WmlrK iys; l uela fm
ka fldj u;h' uela lau werfUhs' Tn;a iejqkq ;ek isg
fydfrka n,diskafkysh' ;shqKq uiq weiska cdlref.a yeu
wx.p,khla u n,d is k Tng Tf m% s h ;u cdldrhdf.a
iauhckl m%d;sydj, ryia tlsfkl fy<sfjhs' Tyqf.a uela
fmj, ryia isre" fndrew" jHdc WmlrK" Tyqf.a lndfha
fydr idlal=" f.fhka jefkk uela hIafha wdjrKfhka wefok
fydrkQ,a" ;olrk fydrfnd;a;" f yeu tllau Tng ka wkdjrKh
fjhs' ka Tng Tyqf.a fydr uela u,a,u kso lsh yelsf'
fldf;laoh;a" Tyq <g fmkajkag hk "cdj" th fmkajkag;a
l,ska Tng fmfkhs' tneka Tyq fmkajk cdj ;=< wreu mqu
fohla we;ehs Tng fkdisf;hs' Tyqf.a /j,sj,g Tn ka fkd/
jfghs' Tyqf.a uela j, uela .;sh h f.dia we;ehs yefhs'
l,s k a wji:dj, fuka pu;a l drhla Tn ;= < yg fkd.ks h s '
cdlref.a uela uk;%;a uela hIah;a Tf is; ;=< wuq;=
l=yq,la we;s fkdlrjhs' tajdfha jHdc nj" mqyq nj" Tn ka f;are
f.k ;sfnk ksidh' uq uela oY_khu ksire laula" udhdjla"
fm%davdjla f,i Tng jegyS wjidkh'
;on, l,lsulska Tn thska fk;;a is;;a uE;alr.kafka
my< fm%aCIld.drh foi t ne,Sughs' yd` lu lauls' l=yq,ska
2

.=l< f.,fm,` uq<dfjka w|j werek weia` iaufhka f.djQ

whd.;a uqj` wd` `` iQ ``` y ''''''' we;af;kau f k ydi- ;%di
fol uqiqjQ kdgHhla fkao@ tfy;a bkq Tng wdiajdohla we;s
fkdjkafka l,ska fndfyda wji:dj, ;udo f wjdikdjk; uq<df
j is nj u;lafuks'
iaufhka hrejQ f fm%aCIl msi .ek wkqlmdjla mjd
Tn ;=< yg.kshs' tksidu" Tjqkaf.a m%;spdrhg Wmydifhka bsurk
cdlre foi rjd ne,Sug ;r kqreiaik njla Tn;=< we;sfjhs'
fupr ld,hla f lm cdldrhdg ud /jgqfka fldfyduhs
Tng isf;hs' ~;j;a k uu f mqyq cd l= fjkqfjka uf.a
ld,h;a Okh;a wmf;a fkdhjhs~ Tn j bgd .kafkysh'
uela lau yudr fjhs' msi ka bj;g we ths' Tn;a
ie is ;ekska fydfrkau t<shg we Tjqkg tlajkafkysh'
Yd,dfjka msgjQ yefhau Tng cdlre .ek ;o meyeula we;s
Tf ;=frla yuqfjhs' Tn ,nd.;a wuq;= w;alS .ek Tyqg lSug
wleue;af;ka Tyq uyer hdug ;e;a l<;a th wid:_l fjhs' ka
Tng is we;af;a uela lau .ek is;=re jeKqula lrk Tf
;=rdg ijka ughs' fudayfhka uq<d wdiajdoh Tyqf.a jpk
;=<ska u;=jk nj Tng jegfyhs' tfy;a u| f,djlskau Tf
;=rdgo Tn wo rilj isk nj yeShhs' f ;r wmQre uela
laulska miq;a Tn ta .ek ksy ukahs ;=rd uis,su;a fjhs'
"wehs Tn;a f Yd,dfju fkao ysfh@
"T" uu;a yshd"
"tfyk Tng kskao .syska ;snqKo@
"wfmdhs kE"
"tl;a tlg Tn ie,ls,af,ka nefj ke;=j we;s'"
"kE kE uu n,ka ;uhs ysfh' iuyr g uu muKg jeh
ie,ls,af,ka nej fjkak we;s'"
"Tn lshkjd Tn nej lsh,d' ta;a Tn uela lau lmq njla
k fmfkkak kE"
"kE uu tal lald' we;a;gu uu tal fldhs;r fydka nejo
lshf;d;a ug uela laula fmkqfk kE
kE`"

2' ld<ldrdu iQ;%h

ud iska fufia wik , tla iufhlays Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia idfla;fhys jQ
ld<ldrdufhys jevjik fial' tys Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia "uyfKks"
hs NsCIQka weu;+ fial' "ijdka jykai" hhs ta NsCIQyq Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafiag ms<sjoka kay' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fuh jod<y'
"uyfKks" fohka iys;" ureka iys;" nUqka iys; f,dalhd
iska" uyK nuqKka iys;" foksiqka iys; m%cdj iska" hula
olsk ,oo" wik ,oo" k ,oo"1 k.kakd ,oo" ukiska mefKk
;uyx
,oo" fidhd n,k ,oo" is;d n,k ,oo" th uu oks' ^;uyx
cdkd
cdkd&'
uyfKks" fohka iys;" ureka iys;" nUqka iys; f,dalhd
iska" uyK nuqKka iys;" foksiqka iys; m%cdj iska" hula
olsk ,oo" wik ,oo" k ,oo" k.kakd ,oo" ukiska mefKk
,oo" fidhd n,k ,oo" is ; d n,k ,oo" th uu uekka u
k.;s ' ^;uyx w
LN [[dis x & th ;:d.;hka jykafia iska
wL
kf.k we;'2 ^;x ;:d.;ii ;x& ;:d.;hka jykafia thg
<xj fkdis;a' ^;x ;:d.f;d k WmgGdis'&3
uyfKks" fohka iys;" ureka iys;" nUqka iys; f,dalhd
iska" uyK nuqKka iys;" foksiqka iys; m%cdj iska" hula
olsk ,oo" wik ,oo" k ,oo" k.kakd ,oo" ukiska mefKk
,oo" fidhd n,k ,oo" is;d n,k ,oo" th uu fkdokshs
lshkafk k ^';uyx k cdkd;s jfohHx'& th udf.a uqidjla
jkafkah'4
uyfKks" fohka iys;" ureka iys;" nUqka iys; f,dalhd
iska" uyKnuqKka iys;" fo ksiqka iys; m%cdj iska" hula
olsk ,oo" wik ,oo" k ,oo" k.kakd ,oo" ukiska mefKk
,oo" fidhd n,k ,oo" is;d n,k ,oo" th uu okshso fkdokshso
lshkafk k th tnu jkafkah' th uu fkdokshso fkdokafk
fkdfjhso lshkafk k th udf.a fodaIhla jkafkah'5
4

uyfKks" fufia jkdys ;:d.;hka jykafia lSfuka fjkajQ

lsh hq;= fohla6 ^we;ehs& fkdys;a'7 kqgqjla fkdys;a'8 lsh
hq;a;la ^we;ehs& fkdys;a'9 olskafkla ^we;ehs& fkdys;a'10
weiS f uka fjka j Q weis h hq ; = fohla ^we;ehs & fkdys ; a '
fkdweiqjla f,i fkdys;'a weish hq;;
a la ^we;ehs& fkdys;'a wikafkla
^we;ehs& fkdys;a'
fuka fjkajQ h hq;= fohla ^we;ehs& fkdys;a' fkd
njla fkdys;a' h hq;a;la ^we;ehs& fkdys;a' kafkla ^we;ehs&
fkdys;a'
k.ekSfuka fjkajQ k.; hq;a;la ^we;ehs& fkdys;a' k
fkd.;a f,ila fkdys ; a ' k.; hq ; a ; la ^we;ehs & fkdys ; a '
k.kafkla ^we;ehs& fkdys;a'
uyfKks" fufia jkdys ;:d.;hka jykafia gq" weiQ" "
k.;a foa flfrys tfiajQ fialau tfiahy' ^;d fhj ;d& ta tfia
jQ njg je W;;;rjQ fyda m%KS;;rjQ fyda wfkla tfiajQ njla
ke;ehs lsh'
^.d:d(& wkHhka iska "i;H" hhs yskq ,nk h lsis gqweiQ-- t,an.;a fohla fo" ijlShh;ajfhys fldgqjQ ta u;su;dk;r
ms<sn|j12 tfiajQ ^;d& uu wksll= .;a u;h i;H f,i fyda wi;H
f,i fyda fkdor ^fkd;l&'
h ^oDI& Wf,l ksia m%cdj meg,S weKS weoao" th
l,a;ndu l"13 "oks"" "ols" th tfiauh14 hk meg,S .ekSula
;:d.;jrekag ke;'

mdol igyka
1' uq; - keyefhka" fjka" lfhka k kaok'
2' ufkdr:mQrKS wx.=;;r wgqjdjg wkqj( ~th uu ols' th
uu uekkau k.;s'~ ~th ;:d.;hkajykafia iska kf.k
we;' hk mdGj,ska ij_{;d N+h^iLL[CZ; N+& m%ldYs;h'
^wx'w'II484 msg fya'uq'&
3' wgqjdjg wkqj" ;DIKd oDI jYfhka ia:djrhla .ekSu
fuhska woyia lefrhs' f mdGfhka CISKdY%j N+h ^Kdij
N+& m%ldYs; nj tys lshef' thg idOl jYfhka iQ;%d.;
mdGhlao ieflka WoOD; fldg olajd we;''''''''''''' Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafia weiska rEmhla olsk fial' ^tfy;a& PJo rd.hla
Nd.Hj;=kajykafiag ke;' ta Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia uekka
uql;jQ is;a we;s fial' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia lKska Yohla
wik fial' '''''' keyefhka .| iqj|la wd>%dKh lrk fial
''''''''''''' fjka rihla wdiajdo lrk fial ''''''''''''''' lfhka
meyeish hq;a;la iamY_ lrk fial' ''''''''' ukiska Ou_druuKhla
k .kakd fial' PJord.hla Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag ke;' ta
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia uekka uql;
a jQ is;a we;s fial' ^fldg;
iq'ix'ks' IV 326 msg ^nq'c';%s&
4' nqreu PgG ix.S;s ixialrKfhka uqs; msgmf;ys tk ";uyx
k cdkd;s jfohHx" hk mdGh wkqj fufia mj;_kh lf<uq'
f mdGh uekavf,a kqjr fi,a,smsj,g wkql+,nj k.kag
,enqKs' md<s fmd;a iud.f ^P.T.S) uqKfha fukau isxy,
wl=frka uqs; we;e ;%smsgl .%J:j,o f fjkqjg olakg
,efnkafka ";uyx cdkd;s jfohHx ;x uu wiiuqid" hk
mdGhhs' tkuq;a tu mdGh fu;ek wkq; jkafka th by;
fofha lafjk nqrcdKka jykafiaf.au m%ldYh yd mriamr
frda jk neks'
'th uu oks' ^;uyx cdkd& hk uQ,sl m%ldYh Bg
wk;=rej tk 'th uu uekkau k.;s'^;uyx wLN[[disx&
th ;:d.;hka jykafia iska kf.k we;' ^;x ;:d.;ii
;x& hk m%ldY folska wjOdrKh lefrhs' fYaIfhka
ie,lsh hq;= jH;sflhla thgu hd fldg we;' ';:d.;hka
6

jykafia thg <xj fkdis;a'' ^;x ;:d.f;d k WmgGdis&

fufia fyhska ';uyx cdkd;s jfohHx ;x uu wii uqid'
hk mdGh m%;sfrdaOhlg ke;fyd;a ixjdohlg ;=vqfohs'
wfkla w;g n,k g ';uyx k Pdkd;s jfohHx' hk
mdGdk;rh p;=Iafldal ;l_kHdhfha fojk l,amh
isys.kajhs' tu ;l_ kHdhhg wkqrEm jQ ;=kajk i;rjk
l,amo ta iu.u fuys i|yka we;s neka iQ;% foaYkdf
iJoN_hg wkqj f l,am ;=k lau hqla;s hql;nj fmkShhs'
hg lS jH;sflhu f l,am ;=k f.k yer laug
fya;=N+; jQ nj lsjhq;=h'
5' 'th udf.a uqidjla jkafkah'" 'tho tnu jkafkah'" 'th
udf.a fodaIhla jkafkah' hk m%ldY ;=<ska i;H N+h
^ijjN+& m%ldYs; nj wgqjdj lshhs'
6' wgqjdj" fmf<ys tk 'ogGd ogGnnx' hkak 'ijd ogGnnx'
hkqfjka f.k" 'l" lsh hq;a;la' hkd jYfhka w:_ jrKh
lrk w;r 'gGx k u[[;'s hkak fjku fhula f,i f.k
;:d.;hka jykafia uyckhd iska olsk ,oao 'uu ols'hs
;Kayd g u[[kd jYfhka fkdys;a' hkqfjka f;are
lrhs' f fofha tk wfkla fhj,o wgqjdj f jrK
l%uh wkq.ukh lrk nj fmfka'
tfiao jqj;a 'ogGd' ^fyda 'gGd'- nqreu uqKj, tk
mdGdk;rhls& hkak ls;l mohl m[p Nla;s rEmh
f,i f.k 'gqj flfrka' hkqfjka wre;a lSu jvd W; nj
fmfka' 'ogGnnx gGx' hkak tlaj .;al, 'lsh hq;= fohla'
hk woyi u;=f' ta khskau" iq;" uq;" [[d; hk iudk
rEm moo f;are lr.; yelsh' nqoO chk;s ;%smsgl uqKh
f mdG ms<sf.k we;s kuq wgqjdj wkqj f.dia tajd mQj_
l%shd mo f,i i,ld mj;_kh lrhs' nqreu wl=frka we;s
PgGix.S;s msgl uqKfha;a md<s fmd;a iud.f (P.T.S)
uqKfha;a 'iqFjd' 'uqFjd'" [[Fjd' hk mQj_l%shd rEmu
fhdod .ekSu wgqjd jrKhg .e;s fm< 'ks-jer' lsug
l< wkq; m%h;akhla nj fmkS hkq we;'

[[;s'( bJsh {dkfhys,d u[[kd hkafkka iQ;

7' 'k
u[
k u
jkafka
;ud olsk foh jdi;lju we;ehs wd;uix{dfjka
ml,mkh lrk ^ysk& wji:djh' th ixcdkl wji:df
'uuh' 'udf.ah' hk udkh ;yjqre lefrk" .%dyH - .%dyl
ojh;djg ;=vqfok ml,mkhls'
[[;s'( wgqgdjg wkqj fuys w:_h ;:d.;hka
8' 'w
wg
u[
w
gGx k u
jykafia uyckhd iska fkdolakd ,oaola uu olsuehs
fkdysk njls' tfy;a f mdGfha kshu woyi thg brdu
fjkia jQjla nj fmfka'
uyfKks" fohka iys;''''''' is;d n,k ,oo" ta
ish,a, uu fkdokshs lshkafk k th udf.a uqidjla
jkafkah' hk m%ldYfhys .ejQ woyiu thska biau;= lefrhs'
[[;s' ( lsh hq;= nj wkqj lsh hq;a;la
u[
9' 'oogGnnx k u
f,i fkdys;a' ;:d.;hka jykafia uyckhd iska lsh
hq;= f,i ysk oY_k lsisjl idr jYfhka lsh hq;a;la
we;ehs fkdi,lk njls'
[[;s'( ;:d.;hka jykafia 'gqjla' msgqmi
10''oogGdrx k u
u[
'gqfjla' we;ehs fkdys;a' gqfjys .%dyH jYfhka .; yels
jdi;lFjhla ke;sj hkg thska .uHjk .%dyl gqjl=go
;ekla fkdue;'
wgqjd jrKhg wkqj f i;rdldr u[[kdfjka
iq[[d;d N+h m%ldYs;h'
11'';d
;d' - 'tfiajQ" tfyjq'( uql; mqoa.,hdf.a W;;;r rd.S
;d
nj yjk Wmmohls' f m%ldYfhka ;d N+h iQ; hhs
wgqjdj lshhs'
12''f;iq
;iq'( wgqjd jrKhg wkqj fuys
f;iq ''''''' ihixjqf;
w:_h( ';u ;ukau m%sh f,i i,ld j .;a O oDI we;s
wh w;r' hkqhs'

tfy;a f fhfuys woyi ta ta oDI .;a wh ;=<

;l_fha w;sOdjkfhka we;sjk w;;fkdau;slFjhhs' mgq
ijlShFjhl fldgqjQ ^ixjq;& njla bka yefa'
,,x ml
pp i
ijd
13''t;
t;[
i,
mlp
jd'(( 'f W, l,a;ndu l'(
t;
[p i
wgqjdjg wkqj" nqrcdKka jykafia l,a;nd fndauQ,fha
gq oDI kue;s W, ^lgqj&'
iid ;f:j t;x
14''cdkd
mi
t;x' ( oDIjdo ;=< we;s j
cdkd m
t,an .ekSf wdl,amh f.kyer laug fmf<ys ks;r
fhfok fhfuls' oi wjHdl; ji;+ka bm;a flfrk ;ekaj,
ta tl tlla w.g fhdod we;s 'bofuj ippx fud>u[[x'
^fuhu i;Hh wka ish,a, ysiah& hk wjOdrKd;ul
mdGh ;=<skao fujeksu wdOdk.%dyS wdl,amhla m%lg f'

3' bJsh {dkfha ks;; yd ks;;lrKh

uela laf Tn ,nd .;a widudkH w;alSu we;e g
nqrcdKka jykafiag f,dalhd iu talu;slFjhlg meKSf
uqyqKmdkag isjQ Ialr;djka ykd .ekSfuys,d bshla jkq we;'
jpkfha miudma; w:_fhkau Tn uela lau gq nj i;Hhls'
tfy;a Tf ;%hd Tng wjfndaO lrjQ m ksYa;ju 'T' fyda
'kE' fyda lSfuys h h Ialr;d we;' {dkh kue;s udhdj uela la u - mmQ K jYfhka u wjfnda O lr.;a ;:d.;hka
jykafiaf.a ia:djrho fndfydarg fuhg iudkh' misrka u.ska
,ndfok kqul iajrEmfhka {dk fldf r olajkq ,nk
ishu uela oYk Wkajykafia krUd we;' tfiao jQj;a taldk;
jYfhka 'we;' fyda 'ke;' fyda lSu inJOfhka mj;sk iSud .eko
Wkajykafia kqj;a ishy' idudkH f,dalhd ;ud 'w,a,d .;a'
kqu u; me,mh ug mqre isk w;r" ;:d.;hka jykafia
du'& tfia me,mh
ish,a, uekka o;a kuq;a ^ke;fyd;a 'o;a ksidu
1
f mqreoao W,la ^'i,,'&f,i i,lk fial' fjk;a jpkhlska
lsjfyd;a Wkajykafia fl;r fydka uela lau gqfialao h;a
f,dalhdf.a oDI fldaKhg wkqj Wkajykafiag uela lau kerf
wjia:dj .s,syS f.dia we;'
uela oYkhl fukau bJsh{dkfhao fmkajk foa lSu
ms<sn| m%Yakh ks;a; yd ks;a; ;=<ska ixfla;j;a jk oE w;r
mj;akd inJO;dj flfrys wfma wjOdkh fhduq lrjhs' bJsh
{dkh jQl,S iEu ugulu ks;s kjQ ixfla; u; r|d mj;skakls'
f lshufkys ~wuq;=fjka lsjhq;=~ njla ke;ehs we;eg yeShd
yelafla 'i[[d'^ixilD;( 'ix{d'& hk md,s jpkfhka bJsh {dkh
muKla fkdj ks;a;" ixfla;h" ,l=K" i,l=K hk w:_o Ojks;
jk neks' bJsh {dkhg wod<j mj;sk w,a,d .ekSf yd ykd
.ekSf l%shdoduh ksid ks;a; ta ;=< jeo.;a ldNdrhla bgqlrhs'
w,a,d .ekSu ldhsl fyda fjd udkisl fyda fjd th yqfola
ixfla;d;uljQ .%yKhla nj lsjhq;=h' ienekau iamY_hg b,lalh
jkafka u;= mska fmfkk iS; m%foaYhla muKs' tkuq;a th w,a,d
.ekSu ms<sn| udkhlg m%udKj;a jk N%dka;shla we;slrjkakls'
ykd .ekSu isjkafkao wksh; w;;fkdau;sl iSudjka ;=< muKs'

10

wks;H;d kS;sh ksrka;rfhkau Bg yriajk kuq mKdu ijNdjh

jv jvd;a fkd;ld yka ykd .ekSf udkh ;yjqre lr.kq
,ef' fufia n,k l, w,a , d .ekS u iy ykd .ekS u hk
l%shdoduhka folu ks;s yd ixfla; wkqidrfhka mj;ajdf.k hk
nj fmfkhs'
ks;s u.ska ixfla;j;a flfrkafka fudkjdo@ ''foaj,a i
fjk fudkjd''hs ;ldkql+, ka;khla .ek fkdokakjqka .;a
lggu ms<s;=re fokq we;' jHjydr nqoh wkqj hf;d;a we;af;kau
ks;s hkq wm ykd .kakd foa fmkakq lrk ixfla;h' wm
ykd.kakd foa k" olsk rEm" wik Yo" wd>%dKh lrk .| iqj|" wdiajdokh lrk ri" iamY_lrk jia;+ka iy k.kakd
woyiah' ;ldkql+,j is;kafkda fuhg jvd ksrj ks.ukhla
bm;a lsug ;e;a or;s' Tjqkaf.a u;h jkafka il,dx. mmQK
fkdjQ" bJsh moO;sh wkqidrfhka wm ykd .kakd mKdu
ijNdj we;s Wm,CIKhkg hka wmKd jQ lsish ksIm%m[p
idrhla we;s njls ' = j la fuka wE;s k a wE;g ;,a hk
.=Khkaf.ka yd Wm,CIKhkaf.ka ie,;a m%i;rhkg msgqmiska
we;ehs ysk tjeks" idrhla" m%flaj,Fjhla" Yaf,aIKhlska fy<slr
.; fkdyels kuq2 Tjqkaf.a ia:djrh jkqfha jHhlska f;drj
Wm,CIKhla fyda fjfiikq ,nk 'fohlska' f;drj fYaIKhla
fyda fkd;sh yels njh'

we;' tfy;a fuys,d woyia lefrk 'foaj,a' f meKhg ms<s;=re

oSfuys mqyqka mq=,d ysk foaj,a fkdf' ;:d.;hka jykafiaf.a
Ou_hg wkqj bJshdkqidrfhka .kakd ishu ks;s ;=<ska ixfla;j;a
jkafka rd." fodai" fuday" hk foaj,ah' ''weje;a;s" rd.h lsisjls"
oafIh lsisjls" fudayh lsisjls' ~~^rdf.d fLd wdjqfid ls[pfkd"
fodfid ls[pfkd" fudfyd ls[pfkd - uydfjo,, iq-u'ks' 1-706&
''weje;aks" rd.h ks;s we;s lrjkakls' oafIh ks;s we;slrjkakls"
fudayh ks;s we;slrjkakls'~~ ^rdf.d fLd wdjqfid ks;;lrfKd"
fodfid ks;;lrfKd" fudfyd ks;;lrfKd'' - tu&

ld<ldrdu iQ;% foaYkdjg wkqj" ;:d.;hka jykafia lSfuka

mndysr jQ olsk fohla fyda weiSfuka mndysr jQ wefik fohla
fyda kSfuka mndysr jQ fkk fohla fyda k.ekSfuka mndysr
jQ k.; yels fohla fyda we;ehs fkdi,lk fial' tfiau iQ;%
foaYkdjkays ks;r meye,s lr we;s m bJshdruuK yqfola
ixfla;ud;% ^i[[d"ks;;& f,i .sKsh hq;= f'3 tksidu mqyqka
f,dalhd ixfla;dkqidrfhka - ks;s uska- foaj,a olsk nj lshk
w;r ;:d.;hka jykafia wm olsk ish,a, yqfola ks;s muKlau
nj m%ldY lr;s' rEm" ioo" .JO" ri" fMdgGLL Ouu hk ish,a,u
[[dKh iska yqnkq ,nk ks;s muKs' tfy;a ;ju;a fujeks
m%Yakhlg bvla we;' ''f ks;sj,ska ixfla;j;a jkafka fudkjdo@''
''foaj,a i fjk fudkjd''hs ;:d.;hka jykafiao ms<s;=re fokq

bJshdkqidrfhka ,efnk ishu i[[d ixfla; nj;a" tajdhska

ixfla;j;a jk foa rd." fodai" fuday" nj;a m%ldY lsu ne
ne,aug oYk jdofha;a" wdpdr Ou_fha;a wksh wufkda{ ixl,khla
f,i fmkS hd yelsh' tkuq;a f m%ldYfhys .eUqre w:_dk;rhka
.e we;' bJshdkqidrfhka ,efnk o;a;hkg wdfrdamKh lefrk
wia ; s F jh ta j dfha we;s yeS kf Yla ; s h - tk m% ; s l % s h d
yg.eka f yels h dj- iu ks h ;fhka ne mj;s k a k la nj
mdrfN!;sl ka;lhskag fndfydag wu;ljk Ou_;djls' h ji;=jl
wi;sFjh ksK_h lefrkqfha wkqN+;sh flfrys th n,mdk m%udKh
wkqjh' 'h:d:_fha Widh' bmsg ji;=jl wi;sFjh 'Tmamq lefrk"
;SrKd;ul idCIsh thhs' 'hula fmkakq lrk" .egqula f.kfok'
iksoiik imm> rEmhla .ek i|ykajk ;ek ^iksoiik imm>x
rEmx- ix.S;s iq''ks 3"-366 nq'c';%s& f idCIsh bm;a we;ehs
lsjyelsh' bJshhkg wruqKq fuka wm bmsg we;ehs wm ysk
ji;+ka ji;= ;;aFjh ,nkafka tajdfha we;s .efgk" m%;spdr kxjk
Yla;sh msysglrf.kh'
.e jYfhka" m>jYfhka" m%;sl%shd
yg.ekaf yelshdj idudkHfhka tajdfha wi;sFjh ksK_h lsf
kq oKv f,i ie,fla' f wkqj n,k l, bJshdruuK wm ;=<
ks;s okjk ks;s ud;% muKs' tfy;a tajdfha ks;s kf Yla;sh
r|d mj;afka rd." fodai" fuday hk flf,ia uq,a ;=fkys ks;;lrK
iajNdjh ms<sn|j wm ;=< we;s woHdj u;h' fjk;a jpkhlska
lsjfyd;a" f ;;aFjh wfhdaksfidaukisldr k jQ uq, wu;l lr
fufkys lsf wksIg m%;sM,hls' odY_kslhd fukau oHd{hdo
bula fldkla
fkdfmfkk ;l_ ;l_ j,ska msreKq ld,amksl
f,djl w;rux lrjkafka f wfhdaksfidaukisldrhuh'

11

12

uela lau ;=<ska Tn ,nd.;a w;alS ms<sn| m%;HfCIdj

Tng by; lajQ m%ldYfhys i;H;dj m%;HCI lr.ekSug bshla
jkq we;' reoOjdohla keSug Tng bv ;snqk;a woHdfjka ksmka
iqLdiajdohl .e,S isk fm%aCIl msig uela oY_kh fnfyka
w:_j;a h' Tjqkg uelaldrhd Wmfhda.S lr.;a WmlrK yd
Wml%u ish,a, - fjfklla ;nd Tyqf.a jHdc uk;% yd uela
hIah- ienE f,i fmkqfka tajdfha we;s yeS kf Yla;sh
ksidh' .= lr.;a f.," fhduqlr.;a weia" whd.;a uqj" uela
laf 'ienE' njg ksy idCIs h' 'wd` `` iQ```' yo tys ienE
njg wYo" wjHl; idCIs h' uela oY_kfhka miqj Tng wikag
,enqk is;=re uela jeKqu iglmg cdldrhdf.a uela u,af,a
'ienE njg' iqYo" jHl; lshd mEula h' uela laf gq
'foaj,a' ;=<ska cks; jQ wx.p,k" m%;spdr" jK_kd wdhg hka i;H
jYfhkau tys ;snQ foa fudkjd hs Tng jgyd .kq fkdneh hhs '
tk rd.h" oa f Ih yd fuda y hh

mdol igyka
1' p;=Iaflda ;l_ kHdhhg wkqj f foaYkdj bm;a lsug
fya;=jQfhao nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a f rd.S wdl,amhuh' ^''oks"
ols th tfiauh' hk meg,S .ekSula ;:d.;jrekag ke;'''& m%:u
l,amhg hd fldg we;s jH;sflh ksid fkdf k fojeks
l,amfhka foiqu wjika lsug yelsj ;snqks' ulaksido h;a"
m% ; s c dkl m% i;= ; hla ;yjq r e ls ug wjYH jka f ka m% ; s reoO
oDIfldaKh ms<sn| ksfIaOl m%i;=;hla muKlau neks' uela
laula ms<sn|j lshkakdla fuka ld<ldrdu iQ;%h ms<sn|jo lsjhq;af;a
'ne ne,aug fmfkkjdg je hula' fuys we;s njh' idudkHfhka
p;=Iaflda ;l_ kHdhhg wkqj m%:u l,amh ksfIaO l<hq;= kuq;a
fuys th m%;scdkkh flfrhs' tfy;a ta ms<s.ekSu wvd,j lrk
,oaola f,i fmfkkafka ';:d.;hka jykafia thg <xj fkdis;a'
hk jH;sflhlg bv ;ndf.k we;s neks' k .ekSu ms<sn|jo
uekkau k.;s' hkqfjka wjOdrKh lsfuys iQCIu mrud:_h
'uekka
f,dalhd o;a foh ms<sn| kqu muKla fkdj" th iu;sl%uKh
lrk m%{djo ;:d.;hka jykafia ;=< we;s nj m%ldY lsuh' f
iQ;%fha tk jd.a ud,dj" ue isfha uQ,mhdh iQ;%fha iJoN_h
isys.kajhs' f iQ;%fha tk 'wnN[[disx' ^uekkau k.;s& hk
mofhka iQ; wjOdrKh" uQ,mhdh iQ;%fha wNscdkd;s hk mofhka
meye,sju iMqgjk w;r" hglS jH;sflhg iudk;rj 'k u[[;s'
^fkdyshs& hkak tys fh we;' f fhu ld<ldrdu iQ;%djidkfhys
tk jrKd;ul fofhys kej; kej;;a biau;= lefrhs'
2' '=j Wmudjg .;s ikafka' ^'ul+mud i[[d'&
1 fjks mfpoh n,kak
3' n,kak( yd,sooldkss iQ;%h- ix'ks' 3-14 msg

13

14

4' mpp iuqmmdoh - ue ula

{dkh kue;s uela oYkfha ;s r fhka ms g q m i is jk
jevfldgi gq nq rcdKka jyka f ia f .a oiq k a kq j Keig"
;ukajykafiaf.a f,daflda;;r w;alSu mqy
q ka f,dalhd bJshdkqidrfhka
,nk w;alSug yd;amiskau fjkiajQjla nj fmkS .sfhah' iq;;ksmd;fha
ojh;dkqmiikd iQ;%fhys tk f fojere wkqmiikdfjka ta nj
fy<sf'
'uyfKks" fohka" ureka" nUqka iys; f,dalhd iska" uyK
nuqKka iys;" foksiqka iys; m%cdj iska" hula fuh i;Hhhehs
l,amkd lrk ,oo" thu wdhka jykafia,d iska fuh uqidjlehs
h:dN+; jYfhka iuHla m%{dfjka uekeka olakd ,oafoah' f tla
wkqmiikdjls'

nuqKka
l,amkd
h:dN+;
fofjks

'uyfKks" fohka" ureka" nUqka iys; f,dalhd iska" uyK

iys;" foksiqka iys; m%cdj iska" hula fuh uqidjlehs
lrk ,oo" thu wdhka jykafia,d iska ~fuh i;Hhhe~hs
jYfhka iuHla m%{dfjka uekeka olakd ,oafoh(- f
wkqmiikdjh'
-ojh;dkqmiikd iQ'iq'ks'236 msg ^nq'c';%s&

''uyK" uq<d lrjkiq hula fo th uqidjls'uq<d fkdlrjk

ijNdj we;s h ksjkla fo" thue i;Hhh' '''' ''uyK" fuhu
mru wd i;Hhh" tk uq<d fkdlrjk ijNdj we;s ksjk'''
-Od;=NX. iq u'ks' III 506 msg ^nq'c';%s&
mD:.ackhdf.a i;Hh ms<sn| ixl,amh;a wd mqoa.,hskaf.a
i;Hh ms<sn| ixl,amh;a w;r we;s uyd mr;rh inkaOfhka
nqrcdKka jykafia iska lrk ,o tjeks m%ldY ;sh ld<ldrdu
iQ;%h tlS m%ldYj,g mgyeksjQ lsish foaYkd mdGhla Y%S uqLhg
wdfrdamKh l< f,ila we;eful=g yefkq fkdneh' ta ukao@
'wfkla ckhd iska olsk ,o" wik ,o" k ,o" t,an.kakd ,o
i;Hhhs ysk ,o hula fo ;:d.;hka jykafia th i;Hh
jYfhka fyda uqidjla jYfhka fyda fkd;lk nj ld<ldrdu iQ;%h
15

m%ldY lrk neks' fuys fmfkk reoOdNdih iuyka lr.;

yelafla flfiao@
kej; jrla Tn uela laf ,o wuq;= w;alS isyshg
k.d .ekSu uek' uela ldrhdg Woafhda.su;aj m%Yxid l<
iaufhka hrejQ fm%aCIl msi flfrys Tn ;=< ohdkqlmdjla
yg.;a fudfydf;a Tng i;Hh ms<sn| mq,a ixl,amhla my< jQ
nj lsjyelsh' tk" i;Hh ms<sn| ixl,amhg miqjk idfmaCI;d
uQ,Ou_h jgyd .ekSuhs' tn wji:djlg uqyqK fok kEu flkl=
ta fm%aCIl msi yeisrek wdldrhg yeisfr;shs jgyd .ekSu ;=<ska
Tf ;shqKq ksiqre ne,aug uq fudf<dla njla tlah' uelalref.a
ryia .ek tjeksu w{dk njlska hq;=" f,daNh yd oafIhg wkqj
.sh tjeksu ffp;isl wdf.hlg wjk;jQ ljr mqoa.,hl= jqjo
iaufhka hrejQ ta fm%aCIl msi .;a ia:djrhu .kakd nj Tng
ta;a;= .sh ksidu Tf ;=rd iu. l< idlPdf Tng hlsis
pls;hla yd miqnEula we;sh'
tlu uela lau tlsfklg fjkiajQ oDIfldaK follska
kerUQjdla jekak' fm%aCIl msi uela ldrhd fmkajk foa gq
w;r Tn iejqk ;ek isjku Tyq uela fmkajk ie gqfjysh'
we;a; jYfhkau fuys jQfha w;alS ug folls' tlla w{dknj
;=<ska mek ke=k w;r wfkl {dkh ;=<ska mekke=Ks' tla tla
w;alS ugu thgu wod<jQ iqLh ms<sn| ixl,amhla .;a w;r Bg
wkqrEmjQ m%;sl%shd iy ks.ukj,g keUqre h' f w;alS fol
w;=frka m<uq jekak .d,f.dahlg n w{dk iqLhlg ;=vq ka
w;r fojekak wjfndaOh ;=<ska ksmka ikais iqLhlg ;=vq ks'
h:dN+;{dkh ms<sn| fn!oO ixl,amh ;=< fulS w;alS ug
folgu ;ekla we;' tys wk;._;h jkqfha lsish u;jdohla fyda
iqfYaI {dk iNdrhla fyda fkdj yqfola w;alSula Yaf,aIKh
lr tys wNHk;r jHqyh wkdjrKh lrk Ou_ kHdhhls' f jkdys
fjfklla fkdj 'mpp iuqmmdo' k jQ 'ksid-yg.ekS' Ou_kHdhhs'
fuu Ou_ kHdhh tys wkqf,dau jdrfhka m<uqjk w;alS ugu
mekksk whqre oyd olajk w;r" tys m%;sf,dau jdrfhka fojeks
w;alS ugfuys ifya;=l njo fmkajd fohs'

16

fuh we;sl,ays
- fuh fjhs'
fuh yg.ekSfuka
- fuh yg.ksshs'
fuh ke;sl,ays
- fuh fkdfjhs'
fuh ke;sfuka
- fuh ke;sfjhs'
-tk" woHdj ksid ixialdrfhda we;sfj;a" ixialdr ksid
{dkh we;sf" {dkh ksid kdurEmh we;sf' kdurEmh ksid
i<dh;kh we;sf" i<dh;kh ksid iamY_h we;sf" iamY_h ksid
fokdj we;sf' fokdj ksid ;Kaydj we;sf' ;Kaydj ksid
Wmdodkh we;sf' Wmdodkh ksid Njh we;sf' Njh ksid Wm;
we;sf' Wm; ksid crd urK" fidal" je<mS" la fodkia Wmdhdi
we;sf" fufia f ;kslr la f.dfvl yg .ekSu fjhs'
woHdjf.au ksrjfYaI rd. ksfrdaOfhka ixialdr ksfrdaOh
f" ixialdr ksfrdaOfhka {dk ksfrdaOh f" {dk ksfrdaOfhka
kdurEm ksfrdaOh f" kdurEm ksfrdaOfhka i<dh;k ksfrdaOh
f" i<dh;k ksfrdaOfhka iamY_ ksfrdaOh f' iamY_ ksfrdaOfhka
fokd ksfrdaOh f' fokd ksfrdaOfhka ;Kayd ksfrdaOh f'
;Kayd ksfrdaOfhka Wmdodk ksfrdaOh f' Wmdodk ksfrdaOfhka Nj
ksfrdaOh f' Nj ksfrdaOfhka Wmf;ys ksfrdaOh f" Wmf;ys
ksfrdaOfhka crd" urK" fidal" je<mS" la fodkia Wmdhdi
ksreoO f' fufia f ;kslr laf.dfvys ksfrdaOh f'
-nyqOd;=l iq'u'ks' III 198 msg ^nq'c';%s&
mD:.ackhdf.a w;alSf mgka ry;kajykafia f.a w;alSu
olajdjQ wkqN+;sh ms<sn| uquy;a Ih m:h mqrd me;sr mj;akd
fuu mppiuqmmdo Ou_kHdh wfma uela lau ms<sn| m%Yakh
f;are .ekSugo Wmfhda.S lr.; yelsh' uela oYkh meje;afjk
w;r lsisjl= Tnf.kq;a Tn ;=rdf.kq;a fuys uela njla ;sfhs
m%Yak lf<a k Tyqg tlsfklg mgyeks ms<s;=re folla ,eug bv
;snqKs' ta jk g Tng uela lafuys uela .;sh ke;s f.dia
;snqfkka fuys uela njla ke;ehs Tn ms<s;=re fokq we;' tfiao jqj"
Tn ;=rdg 'fuys uela we;ehs' ms<s;=re f whs;sjdislula ;snqks'
ms<s;=re fol mriamr frda f,i fmkS hd yelafla oDI fldaKh
ms<sn| m%Yakh .ek ;elSula ke;sj taldk; oDI.%dyS wdl,amhlska
ta foi n,;fyd;a muKs ' mpp iuq mmdo Ou_ kHdhh hglS
17

m%;sfrdaOh i|d,kafka 'we;' yd 'ke;' hk wk; folu weiqre

fkdfldg 'tys we;s - ke;s nj fya;= m%;H u; r|d mj;S'' hk
m%{df.dapr imfoaYfhks'
uela ldrhdf.a l+fgdaml%u .ek fkdkSu k jQ woHdj
ks i d is;-lh-jpkh ms<sn| ixialdr ^weysneu ke.S" ia;
Wiqre" uela f,djla ujk ufkdaldr& yg.kS' f ixialdr
ksid uela olsk {dkhla yg.kS' f {dkh ksid uela
f,djg wod< kdu rEmh ^fokd" i[[d" f;kd" Mii" ukisldr
iy ;onj" hdrenj" WKqiqnj yd p,kh weiqfrka .;a rEm
ix{dj ;=<ska ksmka uela f,dalh& yg.kS' uela ldrhdf.a 'weia
neka' jevg wod< jHdc WmlrK ish,a, we;=<;a f kdurEm
f,dalh ksid uq<djg m;a fm%aCIl msif.a wei" lK" keyeh" j"
lh" uk hk wdh;k yh l=yq,ska l=,au;aj mj;S' f wdh;k yh
ksid wreu-mqu uela f,djlg Tk iamY_ yg.kS' f iamY_
ksid m%fudaockl fokd yg.kS' f fokd ksid m%fudaoh mj;ajd
.ekSf ;Kaydjla mekk.S' fuu ;Kaydj ks i d uela oYk
w,a,d .ekSf Wmdodkhla we;sf' f Wmdodkh ksid uela f,dalhla
;=< udhd;ul meje;aula ^Njhla& mj;S' uela ldrhdf.a uk;%fhka
omKhg jegqk fm%aCIl msi woaN+; f,dalhl Wm; ,enqjdla jeks
w;alSula ,n;s' flfia fj;;a f Wm;o 'uJodhqIl'h' f,dj wka
is;=re foa fukau uela lauo ksuf' ta tys crdurKhhs'
by; lajQ ksoY_kfhka meye,s jk m uela laula
taldk; jYfhka we;ehs lSug fyda taldk; jYfhka ke;ehs lSug
fyda bvla fkdue;' uela lau ms<sn| fulS i;H;dj {dkh
kue;s uela oY_khg wod< ish Ou_hkago idOdrKh' 'meje;au'
hkq idfmaCI ixl,amhla nj mD:.ackhdg fndfydag wu;ljk
lreKls' nqroyq fufia jodr;s'
''lppdhkh" f,dalhd fndfydafihskau oDI folla u; msysgd
ishs' tk" wi;sFjh yd kdi;sFjhhs' lpdhkh" f,dalfha yg.ekau
^iuqoh&we;s iefhka ^h:dN+;jYfhka& iuHla m%{dfjka olskakyqg
f,dalh ms<sn| h kdi;sFj oDIhla fo th ke;sj hkafkah'
lpdhkh" f,dalfha keje;au ^ksfrdaOh& we;s iefhka iuHla
18

m%{dfjka olskakyqg f,dalh ms<sn| h wi;sFj oDIhla fo" th

ke;sj hkafkah'
lpdhkh" f f,dalhd fndfyda fihskau u;su;dk;rj,g
<xjkakdjQ" tajd w,a,d.kakdjQ" tajd ;=< me,mh jkakdjQ" tajdfha
ne iskakdjQ ijNdjfhka hqla;h' hfula ta <x w,a,d.;a fohg"
is;ska j .;a fohg" me,mhj ,e..;a fohg 'fuh uf.a
wd;auhh'hs <x fkdfo w,a,d fkd.kSo" fldg fkd.kSo" Tyq
'Wmkqfha llau Wmhs'' 'ksreoOjkqfha llau ksreoO' fjhs' hkqfjka
k iel fkdlrhs" fo.shdjg m;a fkdfjhs' fuys,d Tyq ;=<
wksll= ksid fkd,;a {dkhlau fjhs' fuf;lska lpdhkh" fya
iuudgh we;af;la fjhs'
lpdhkh 'ish,a, we;' hk fuh tl wk;hls' 'ish,a,
ke;' hk fuh fojk wk;hhs'
f wk; folgu <x fkd uOHfhka ;:d.;hka jykafia
Ou_h foaYkd lr;s'
woHdj ksid ixialdrfhda ^yg.ks;a& ixialdrhka ksid
{dkh ^yg.kS& ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''' fufia f ;kslr laf.dfvys yg.ekSu fjhs' woHdj
b;s fkdjk m f.hdfuka" ksreoOfuka ixialdrfhda ksreoO
fj;a' ixialdrhka ksreoOfuka {dkh ksreoO fjhs ''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''' fufia f ;kslr laf.dfvys ksreoOu fjhs'
-lppdhk f.d;; iq'ix'ks' II 28 msg ^nq'c';%s&
mppiuqmmdo Ou_ kHdhh miq fldgf.k uik l,
ld<ldrdu iQ;%fhys tk wreu mqu j.ka;s fm< yeu w;skau
hqla;shql; nj fmkShkq we;' mD:.ack mqoa.,hd lrkakdla fuka"
fmfkk" wefik" fkk" isf;k" is;ska mefKk" fidhk" is;d
n,k ish,a, ms<sn|j ia:djrhla .ekSu f mD:q,d:_j;a ffp;isl
uQ,Ou_fha yrhg mgyeksh' f,dj we;s;dla ish u;jdo yd oDIfldaK
yqfola ta ta mqoa.,hska iska fjka fjkaj me,mhjQ ;u;ukag
iSudjQ i;Hhka nj ^mfppl ifppiq mq:Q ksgGd-iq'ks'.d' 828&
nqrcdKka jykafia wjfndaO lr.;ay' mrui;H jYfhka bm;a
lrkq ,nk oDI u;jdo" f udkj m%cdj we,S weKS isk
19

yq,la-lgqjla-f,i Wkajykafia ie,l+y' i;Hh yd uqidj ms<sn|

f,!lsl ixl,amj, miqu mjd m%Yaklrh' yqfola bJsh {dkh
;=<skau ksmka ta i;Hdi;H ixl,amh O u;jdo ksmojkq msKsi
;l_fhka ;<d Tmug lr.;a oDI fYaI muKs'
'k fyj ippdks nyQks kd kd
w[[;% i[[dh ksppdks f,dfl
;ll[p giq mlmmhsFjd
ippx uqid;s ojhOuuudyq'
- pQ,hQy'iq'iq'ks'.d'890 ^nq'c';%s&
'i[[dj yer ks;HjQ kdkFjhlska hq;a fndfyda
i;H
f,dalfha lsisfia;au ke;' oDIka ;=< ;l_fhka m%l,amkh fldg
'i;Hhh' 'uqidjh'hs fojeoEre Ou_hla Tjqyq f.k yer md;s''
;l_dkqidrfhka ksmojd .;a oDIjdo iuQyh wvd, i;H
njg m;ajkafka tajd fnfykau is;esj,g hgjQ fm!o.,sl w;alS
;=<ska ksmka neks' fYaIfhkau iq;; ksmd;fha wgGlj..h" i;Hh
yd uqidj ms<sn| mqyqka mq=,df.a we.ehqj,g miq jk ;;
;;aFjh .%y lrhs' cJoh wkqj wef.dia reh ;=< me,mh jQ
Tyq 1 ;u oDIflda K ;= < s k a illdh gh ms < s n | ixl,a m hla
f.dvk.d f.k tys W;dkq; nj Wr.d ne,Sug iu-fYaIksySk hk ;%sO udkh u; m%Yak i|d,k jdoh msysg lr
.kshs'2 jdofhka ,nk ch.%yKh i;Hdi;H ksYapfhys,d kq
oKv lr.; fyd;a i;Hh yq wNsu; u;sud;%hla njg m;ajk ne
nqrcdKka jykafia fmkajd fo;s'
'kjdyx t;x ;hk;s n%E
hudyq nd,x :q w[[u[[x
ilx ilx gulxiq ippx
;iudys ndf,d;s mrx oyd;s'
-pQ,hQy iq'iq'ks'.d 886^nq'c';%s&
'hula wruq K q fldg nd,fhda Tjq f kdjq k g nd,hd hhs
lshd.ks;ao" tjekaklg uu fuh i;Hhlehs fkdlsh' Tjqyq ;u
;ukaf.a oDI i;H lr.ks;a' tksidu wksld nd,hl= f,i or;a''
20

jdo jvk iqjQ f iju;fhys j t,an .kakd wdl,amh

we;e fgl ;ud fj; wdfrdamKh lr.;a lsish wudkisl
wkqN+;shl m%;sM,hla h yelsh' tjeks wji:djl w;;fkdau;slFjh
wdOdk.%dNS iajrhlska t<solshs' 'oks" ols" th tfiauh'. 'cdkd
miid ;f:j t;x'-uydhQy iq'iq'ks'.d'908& tjeksu w;alSulska
f;oj;ajQ wksldo ta u; msysgd thg yd;amiskau fjkia ks.ukhlg
t< wef;d;a wmg bm;a jkafka iuyka l< fkdyels wJof
u;fNaohls' fuys,d lu ksoiqkla nuqKka fofokl= kk my;
i|yka m%Yakh ;=<ska biau;= fjhs'
''Nj;a f.!;uhka jykai" ij_{ ij_oYS mQrKliim mmQK_
{dkoY_khla ;udg we;ehs fufia m%;s{d lrhs' 'hkakdjQ;a" iskakdjQ;a"
ksokakdjQ;a" ksjrkakdjQ;a" ug yeu l,aysu ksr;=reju {dkoY_kh
t<U isfhah'' ^hkqfjks'& fya fufiao lshhs( 'uu wkk;j;
;j;a {dkfhka
wk
k;j;
wkk
;j;a f,dalhla okska olska jdih lr''
Nj;a f.!;uhka jykai ij_{ ij_oYS f ks.KGkd; mq;%o
mmQK_ {dkoY_khla ;udg we;ehs fufia m%;s{d lrhs' hkakdjQ;a"
iskakdjQ;a" ksokakdjQ;a" ksjrkakdjQ;a ug yeul,aysu ksr;=reju
{dkoY_kh t<U isfhah' ^hkqfjks& fya fufiao lshhs" 'uu wk;j;
;j;a
;j;a f,dalhla okska" olska jdihlr''
{dkfhka wk;j;
Nj;a f.!;uhka jykai" {dkjdo folla we;s" tlsfklg
m%;sreoO jdo folla we;so" fudjqkaf.ka ljfrla i;Hh lshdo@
ljfrla uqidjla lshdo@
^wx'ks'5'496 msg nq'c';%s&
flfia fj;;a nqrcdKka jykafia f oDIjdo .egqu iug
uey;a fkdjQy' ta fjkqjg Wkajykafia lajQ m%;spdrh fufiah'
''n%dyuKfhks" lke;" {dkjdo folla we;s tlsfklg
m%;sreoO jdo folla we;s fudjqkaf.ka ljfrla i;Hh lshdo@
ljfrla uqidjla lshdo@ hk f lreK ;sfhajd` n%dyuKfhks"
f;dmg oy foikafk' th wijq" fydka fufkys lrjq' foikafk'''
wk;=rej Wkajykafia foiQ oyu ;=<ska meye,s lrfok ,oafoa
wdYsCIKhg wkqj m[plduhu f,dalh nj;a f,dalfha fl<jr
wyFjh nj;ah'
21

t;r meye,sj bm;a lrk ,o m%Yakhla nqrka mfil

;enqf ukahs we;eg flkl=g u;shla yg.kq fkdneh' th
mfil ;eug tla fya;=jla k f,dalfha ufkdauQ,sl ijNdjh
f.kyer mEug w;a ksj_pkhla f wjYH;djhs' tfy;a ;j;a
fya;=jlao ;sh yelsh' uq,a;ek kd .ekSug flfrk f jdohg
mg,ejqk {dkjdka fofoku ;uka 'ij_{' njg m%;s{d l<y'
tkuq;a ta fofokdf.ka m<uq jekakd wkk;jQ {dkhlska wkk;jQ
f,dalhla gq w;r fojekakd wk;jQ {dkhlska wk;j;ajQ f,dalhla
l we;'4 fudjqkaf.ka m<uqjekakdg ;lfha iSudjka ;=< isgf.ku
wfkldf.a u;jdofhys j_,;djla lah yelsh' ''Tn wk;j;ajQ
f,dalhla olskafka Tf {dkh iS; ^tk" wk;j;a& ksidh'''
wfkldgo ta yd iudku idOdrK ;lhlska fmr<d ms<s;=re h
yelsh' ''tfiak Tn;a wkk;jQ f,dalhla olskafka Tn {dkfhys
fl<jrg fkdmeKs ^wkk;& ksidh''' fjk;a jpkj,ska lsjfyd;a"
m<uqjekakdg fojekakdf.a {dkh wimQK_ hhs lsjyelafla Tyq
f,dalfhys fl<jrhhs .;a ;ekska Tng lSfuys wfmdfydi;ah
hk ;l_fhks' fojekakdg m<uqjekakdf.a {dkh wimQK_hhs lsj
yelafla f,dalfhys fl<jr Tyqf.a {dkhg Ih fkdfh hk
;l_fhks'
mqyqka odY_kslhska iska bm;a lrkq ,nk oDIjdohkays
fndfyda g olakg ,efnk pl%dldr ;l_kHdh funh'5 fujeks
oDIjdohkays t,an.;a;jqka nqrcdKka jykafia Wmud lr we;af;a
we;l=f.a yevrej ms<sn|j ;u ;uka .;a 'oDI fldaK' w;r .egqu
i|d .ekSug fkdyelsj Tjqfkdjqka yd onr lr.;a cd;HJOhska
msilgh'6
tfiaojqj" h i;Hhla wjfndaO lr.ekSfuka i;aFj m%cdj
jdo fkdflfo" tn tla i;Hhlao we;'7 ta jQl,S wfklla fkdj
il, oDIjdohka g u moku jk bJs h {dkfhys yg.eka u "
ke;shdu" wdiajdoh" wdkjh iy ksiairKh ms<sn| il,dx.
mmQK_ m{dkhhs'
''uyfKks" ;:d.; f;u fulreK kqjKska okshs" f oDI
i:dkfhda fufia .kakd ,oaodyq fun W;am;;s iajNdj we;a;dy"
fun mrf,dj ;;aFj we;a;dy' tho ;:d.; f;u okshs' thska
jeoEo okshs' ta oelauo mrduY_kh fkdlrhs' tfia mrduY_kh
22

fkdlrk Tyq iska ;ud ;=<skau ksu k.kakd ,' fokdjkaf.a

yg.ekauo" ke;shduo" wdiajdoho" wdkjho" ksiairKho ;;ajQ
m k ;:d.; f;u Wmdodk rys;j uql; jQfha f'
-n%yucd, iq''ks'1-68 ^n%'c';%s&

mdol igyka
1' PJodkqkSf;d rehd ksfgGd - iq'ks'.d'785 nq'c';%s
2' n,kak( wgGl j..fhys .=ygGl" gGgGl" iqoOgGl" mrugGl"
miQr" ud.Jh" l,yjdo" pq,hQy" uydhQy" iQ;%'
3' ';sgGf;;x' hk mdGfhka iQ; m f m%Yakh' 'GmkSh m[y'
^mfil ;eh hq;= m%Yak& k jQ m%Yak .Kfhys,d .efKkakls'
nqrcdKka jykafia iska ishu m%Yak" j._ i;rlg fnod lajQ
;ek fuho tl j._hls' 'tlxi jHdlrKSh' ^taldk; ms<s;=rla
h yels m%Yak& 'mmqpPd jHdlrKSh' ^m%;sm%Yak keSfuka miq
ms<s;=re h hq;= m%Yak& iy 'Ncc jHdlrKSh ^.%y lsfuka
miq ms<s;=re h hq;= m%Yak& hkq wfkla m%Yak ;=kaj._hhs' fkhska
mfil ;nk ,o m%Yak oyhla wjHdl; jF:Q ^jrKh fkdl<
lreKq& hk mdNdIsl mofhka ykajkq ,ef' hglS oDIfldaK
fol ta wjHdl; jF:Q w;ro olskag ,efnkafka f whqks'
'wk;jd f,dfld' - f,dalhg fl<jrla ;sfo@
'wkk;jd f,dfld' - f,dalhg fl<jrla keoao@
4' fmf<ys fnfyka mriamr frda jQ mdGdk;r mg,e,a,la
olakg ,ef' f bm;a l< w:_ jrKh we;eg m%ia;=;
oDIjdo fol ms<sn| ksjer mdGh f;dard .ekSug bshla h
yelsh'
5' fujekaklg ;j;a ksoiqkla ueisfha pQ,il=odhS iQ;%fhys
olakg ,ef' ^u'ks'2'380 msg nq'c';%s&
6' n,kak( Wodk md<s" cppJOj.. Lq'ks1 258
7' tlx ys ippx k ;ShuF
hix mcd fkd jfo mcdkx
-pQ,hQy iq'iq'ks' .d' 888 ^nq'c';%s&
'h njQ i;Hhla uekka k.ekS f uka ckhd jdo
fkdflfo" tn tlu i;Hhla we;' fojekakla ke;''
23

5' hiq<s .egqu ^[[dK -kdu rEm foms<&

mpp iuqmmdoOu_ kHdhh iska f,dj wdpdr Ou_" ufkdaoHdj
yd oYkjdo hk Ihhkg wod< uYk fCIa;%hg fy<slrfok
,o ikd;k w.hlska hq;= uQ,Ou_h jQl,s ;; ik;dkh ;=<
iejqk l%shdldFjhlska hq;= h iq<shla we;s njh' wfkHdakH
m%;H jYfhka Tjqfkdjqkg msysg fjkao" Tjqfkdjqka f;oj;a lrkao"
h<s h<s;a jg j<,af,a lrlefjk [[dKh yd kdurEmh ;=<ska
u;= j k ixidr h iq < s h ^ixidrjgg& uq uy;a Njfi% d a ; fhys
flaJi:dkh .kshs'
^w&
''hfia" weje;aks" ngfldagq folla tlsfklg msysg fjka
isgf.k iso" tfiau weje;aks" kdurEm m%;Hfhka [[dKh"
[[dK m%;Hfhka kdurEmh" kdurEm m%;Hfhka i<dh;kh"
i<dh;k m%;Hfhka iamYh" iamY m%;Hfhka fokdj" fokd
m%;Hfhka ;Kaydj" ;Kayd m%;Hfhka Wmdodkh" Wmdodk m%;Hfhka
Njh" Nj m%;Hfhka cd;sh" cd;s m%;Hfhka crdurK fidal mfoaj
lL fodaukii Wmdhdi f' fufia f ;kslr la f.dfvys yg.ekau
f' bka" weje;a;s" ta ng fldagq foflka tlla weoafoa k
wfkl jefghs' wfkl weoafoa k fuho jefghs' tfiau" weje;aks"
kdurEm ksfrdaOfhka {dk ksfrdaOh f' {dk ksfrdaOfhka
kdurEm ksfrdaOh fjhs' kdurEm ksfrdaOfhka i<dh;k ksfrdaOh
f' i<dh;k ksfrdaOfhka iamY ksfrdaOhf' iamY ksfrdaOfhka
fokd ksfrdaOhf' fokd ksfrdaOfhka ;Kayd ksfrdaOh f' ;Kayd
ksfrdaOfhka Wmdodk ksfrdaOh f' Wmdodk ksfrdaOfhka Nj ksfrdaOh
f' Nj ksfrdaOfhka cd;s ksfrdaOh f' cd;s ksfrdaOfhka crdurK
fidal mfoaj CL fodaukii Wmdhdi ksreoOf' fufia f ;kslr
laf.dfvys ksfrdaOh f'
- ix'ks'2'180msg ^nq'c';%s&
^wd& f [[dKh kdurEmh flfrka wdmiq lerlS ths' bka
Tng fkdfhhs' fuf;lskau ^flfkla& Wmkafkah" rkafkah"
uefrkafkah" h<s Wmkafkah' tk kdurEm m%;Hfhka [[dKh"
24

[[dK m%;Hfhka kdurEmh" kdurEm m%;Hfhka i<dh;kh"

i<dh;k m%;Hfhka iamY_h" iamY_h m%;Hfhka fokdj" fokd
m%;Hfhka ;Kaydj" ;Kayd m%;Hfhka Wmdodkh" Wmdodk m%;Hfhka"
Njh" Nj m%;Hfhka cd;sh" cd;s m%;Hfhka crdurK" fidal" mfoaj
CL fodaukii Wmdhdifhda yg.ks;a" fufia f ;kslr laf.dfvys
we;su fjhs'1
-uydmodk iq''ks'2'48 msg ^nq'c';%s&

Nj Tiafia
l%sl ;rh WKqiqj ke.Shhs' cd;s" crd" urK"
l%Svdf wksjd ye,yemamq jeks m%;smdlhs' ish wjpkud._"
ksrel;sud._" m%{m;sud._" [[dK- kdurEm hiq<sh foig wehk
njg f ksoY_khu idOl fjhs' ulaksido h;a l%sl ;rhl
w:_j;a nj r|d mj;skqfha ta l%shdoduh yd inJO mqoa.,hska"
kS;s;s yd WmlrK ;=<ska f l%sl ;rhlehs hk ix{dj we;slr
.ekSu u;u fyhsks'

^b&
'fuf;la rgh" wdkJo" hfula Wmofka fyda rfka fyda
hhkafka fyda h<s Wmofka fyda - fuf;la rgh" wjpk ud._h"
fuf;la rgh ksrela;s ud._h" fuf;la rgh m%{m;s ud._h" fuf;la
rgh m%{djf.a nei.ekSu" fuf;la rgh fufia njla fmkakq
lsug ixidr jggh lrlefjkqfha -tk kdurEmh [[dKh
iu.ska'
-uydksodk iq''ks'2'94 msg ^nq'c';%s&

jvd mD:q, Ih fCIa;%h jk wfma ixidr meje;au ;=<

[[dK-kdurEm foms< w;r we;s hiq<s .egqu wfk;dcgd- nyscgd
^we;= < ; .egh- ms g ; .egh& ijrEmfhka wfkHda k H m% ; H
inJO;djla f,i oHudk f'3 fuys [[dKhg Ih jk
wruqK jYfhka ks;ru kdurEmh bm;a fjhs' kdurEm wruqK
;=<ska .eu mss<sn| ixl,amhg wod< m>h iy rEm i[[dj
u;=fjhs" [[dKh;a kdurEmh;a w;r wfkHdakH m%;H
inJO;djlska hq;= f ;r .egqu ;%di-ydi iY%Kfhka fYdal
ckl fukau ydiHckl jkafka meje;au ms<sn| ixl,amh idOHiuj
(petitio principi) ta ;=< .e we;s neks'

f fo-nEhka w;r flfrk ;r .egqf [[dKh ;:H;dj

^actuality) ksfhdackh lrk w;r kdurEmh2 NjHrEms;dj ^potentiality)
ksfhdackh lrhs' [[dKfhka j Yla;sh ,nd jefvk kdurEmh
;=<ska u;=jk h;,iels,a,la (infra- structure) njQ i<dh;kh
wdOHd;l-ndysr jYfhka foms<lg fn hkafka [[dKfha we;s
'fjkalr k .ekSf' lD;Hhg wkqjuh' Mii" fjokd" ;Kayd"
Wmdodk" Nj hk ;okq.; l%shdoduh" kdu rEmfhys wk;,Sk
NjHrEms;dj mK .ekaula jekak' f Iu pl%h Njfhka imQK_
'cd;sh' Wmk w;r tys wksIg m%;sM, jYfhka crd urK fidal
mfoaj CL fodaukii Wmdhdi .,d ths' wccd- ixLdrd wx.
fol by; lajQ fo ;=fkysu i|yka fkdjk kuq tajdo .uHudk
jk nj ks.ukh l< yelafla woHd wJOldrhu f ;r .egqug
miqu jk ksid;a ixialdr ;=<ska Bg mQldj yd W;af;ackh
iemfhk ksid;ah'
fuhg ksoY_khla jYfhka wms l%sl ;rhla .ksuq' fuys
[[dKh ;rhg uQ,sl wjYH;dj jk foms<la fjkalr fohs'
kdurEmh l%Svdjg wod< kS;s;s" l%shdud._ yd l%Svd WmlrK
bm;a lrhs' [[dKfhka foms<la lr olajk wcCO;;sl- ndysr
wdh;k yh ;r jk foms<hs' Mii" fokd" ;Kayd" Wmdodk"
25

hul wi;sFjh ksK_h lefrkqfha flkl=f.a wkqN+;sh flfrys

th n,mdk m%udKh wkqj neka ^n,kak( 3 mfpoh& mD:.ack
mqoa.,hd kdurEmh i;H jYfhka .ekSug fm<fUkafka ta ;=<ska
mekksk iamY_h ^Mfiid& fya;= fldgf.k nj lsjhq;=h' nqrcdKka
jykafia fmkajdfok m Miih jkdys kdufha;a rEmfha;a ,CIK
/.;a 'fouqyqk'a ijrEmhla orK Ou_hls' fulS fouqyqka nj m%lg
lrjk my; i|yka Ou_ ixjdoh kQ;k ufkdaoHd{hdg fukau
odY_kslhdgo w;sYhska jeo.;a jkq we;'
"kdurEm m%;Hfhka iamYh fhhs hglshk ,'4 wdkkaoh"
hfia kdurEm m%;Hfhka iamYh fo th fulrefKkq;a o;hq;=h'
h wdldrhka f .ka " h ,s x .hka f .ka ^,CIKhka f .ka & h
ks;;hkaf.ka" h Woafoaihkaf.ka kduldhhdf.a meKeula fo"
ta wdldrhka" ta ,sx.hka" ta ks;;hka" ta Woafoaihka ke;s l,ays
rEmldhfhys wjpk iMiihla mefKkafkao@"

26

"ijdks" fuh fkdjkafkauh"

"wdkka o h" h wdldrhka f .ka " h ,s x .hka f .ka h
ks;a;hkaf.ka" h Woafoaihkaf.ka rEmldhhdf.a meKeu fo"
ta wdldrhka" ta ,sx.hka" ta ks;a;hka" ta Woafoaihka ke;s l,ays
kduldhfhys m>iuMiihla mefKkafkao@
"ijdks" fuh fkdjkafkauh"
"wdkka o h"h wdldr- ,s x .- ks ;a ; - Woa f oa i hka f .ka
kduldhhdf.a yd rEmldhhdf.a meKeu fo ta wdldr ,sx.
ks;a;- Woafoaihka ke;s l,ays wjpk iuMiihla fyda m>
iuMiihla fyda mefKkafkao@"
"iajdks" fuh fkdjkafkauh'"
"wdkka o h" h wdldr- ,s x .-ks ;;-Woa f oa i hka f .ka
kdurEmhdf.a meKeu fo" ta wdldr-,sx.-ks;; Woafoaihka ke;s
l,ays Miihla mefKkafkao@
"ijdks" fuh fkdjkafkauh"
"wdkkaoh" tfyhska f kdurEm kjQ hfula weoao" iamYhg
fuhu fya;=jh" fuhu ksodkhh" fuhu iuqohh" fuhu m%;Hhh'''
-uydksodk iq'oS'ks'2 90-92 nq'c';%s
iamY_h ^Mii&kue;s ud;Dldjg ks;s wod<jk m%udKh f
ixjdoh ;=<ska meyeos,sfjhs' kduldhh;a" rEmldhh;a hk folu
;u ;ukaf.a 'meKeu' ,nd.kafka wdldr ,sx.-ks;;-Woafoaihkaf.a
msysfgks' tkuq;a kdu ldh yd rEm ldh ms<sn|j f ixjdofhka
biau;=jk w;sfYaIu lreK jkqfha ta fol tlsfklg Wmldrfjka
mej;Sf Ou_;djh' mqudldr wfkHdakH inJO;djla f fofldgi
w;r we;' rEmldhfhys wjpk iuMiihla we;s h yela f la
kduldhhg wod< wdldr-,sx.-ks;;-Woafoai we;s;dla muKs' rEm
m%{m;shla ;yjqre jkqfha kduldhhdf.a 'idudlhska' jk fokd"
i[[d" f;kd" Mii" ukisldr hk Ou_ bm;aj lrk 'mfaIKfhka'
miqjh' i;r uyd N+;hska yehg yekafjk Od;= i;rg mjd f
mslaiqug hg;a ug isf' tajd 'j,x.'= jkafka f mslaiqfuka
miqjh' ta wkqj mG" wdfmd" f;fcd" jdfhd we;a;jYfhkau ;onj"
hdre nj" WKqiq nj iy p,kh ms<sn| wkqN+;shuh' tys,d
kduldhhg wh;a fokd" i[[d" f;kd" Mii" ukisldr hk
27

Ou_hkaf.a l%shdldFjh wksjdf' Od;= jYfhka i,lk l, yq

hql;sud;% (mere abstractions) jk f uydN+;Ou_ i;r 'rEm' fyda
'jH' jYfhka iamYhg f.dapr f wjpk iuMiifhys,d
.efKkqfha tajdg wdfKsl .=Kd;ul nfjys wl;dj wkqj fjkalr
lafuks'5 wfkla w;g n,k l, kduldhfhyso im%udK;dj
ke;fyd;a j,x.=nj r|dmj;afka rEmldhhg wod< wdldr" ,sx."
ks;;" Woafoai iuqodh u;h" 'm> i[[dj' k jQ .eu yek.ekSu
'rEmh' fyda 'jHh' ms<sn| ixl,amh yd ksrka;rfhka ne mj;skakls'
iuMiih
we;a; jYfhkau 'fohla
fohla ' yehg .Kka .kq ,nk 'i
ih'
jHhla yd .eu ^m>& f,i idudkHfhka ie,flhs' tneka
fokd" i[[d" f;kd" Mii ukisldr hk kduOu_fhda rEmf,dalh
;=<u kshu wruqKq ,n;s' fjk;a jpkhlska lsjfyd;a .eu ke;fyd;a
bJsh iuMiih m%d:l jYfhka rEmldhhg wod< ks;s yd inJO
m>i
uMii&' kduldhhg wod< ks;s yd inJOjkqfha
jQjls ^m>i
m>iu
wjpki
o;Shsl jYfhks' to yq rEmld:_hlska muKs' ^wjpki
wjpkiu
uMii &
iuMiih ms<sn|jjQ fuu ixl_K_ ieleiau wkqj i,ld n,k l,
nqiuh uki yd jHh w;r oOdlrKhla ^dichotomy) wkqu;
fkdlrk nj lsjhq;=f' ta fjkqjg ffp;isl yd fN!;sl Ou_ brd
fjkalr lah fkdyelsfia 'wfk;d cgd-nyscgd' fj ijrEmhlska
mj;sk njla fmfka' fuys,d kdurEmh om%ldr rmEula lrhs'
'i[[dKl ldh' hk fhfuka Ojks; jk m th Wmdkk
jYfhka [[dKh;a iu. tlaj mqoa.,hl= ;=< oHudk f' fuh
'wfk;dcgd' k jQ we;=<; .eghhs' f i[[dKl lfhka ksh
hq;=" we.ehsh hq;=" ykd.; hq;=" ks;s jYfhka kdurEmh neyergo
m%fCIamKh fjhs' f 'nyscgd' k jQ msg; .eghhs' wdOHd;l
wdh;k yh ;=<skq;a" ndysr wdh;k yh ;=<skq;a ms<sUq jkafka
kdurEmhuh' f wJoka kq oKav yd ukskq ,nk foh w;r
mriamrdfmaCIl njla we;s njg my; i|yka iQ;% fldgGdi idOl
f'
^w& ''weje;a;s" kduh tl wk;hls' rEmh fojeks wk;hhs" [[dKh
ueohs' ;Kaydj ueyq ldhhs' ;Kaydjuh ta ta Njhl W;am;a;sh
i|yd ueiau oukqfha''
-wx'ks'4-186

28

^wd& ''weje;a;s" wdOHd;l wdh;k yh tl wk;hls' ndysr wdh;k

yh fojeks wk;hhs' [[dKh ueoh" ;Kaydj ueyq ldhhs'
;Kaydjuh ta ta Njhl W;am;;sh i|yd ueiau oukqfha'''
-tu^b& ''uyfKks" woHdfjka jeiqk" ;Kaydfjka nek w{dk mqoa.,hdg
fufia f lh mekke=fka fjhs' fufia f lh;a neyer kdu
rEmh;a hkqfjka foflls' f fol ksid iamYh iy wdh;k
yh fjhs'''
-ksodk'ix'ks'2-38 msg ^nq'c';%s&
^B& ''ijdks" flfia okakyqgo" flfia olakyqgo" f [[dKh
iys; lh ms<sn|j;a ^bui[p i[[dKfl ldfh& neyer
ish ks;s ms<sn|j;a ^nysoOd p innksf;;iq& wyxldr u
uxldr udk bj;ajQ" ;rd;sr blaujQ ^Odiu;sllk;x& Ydk;"
uekkaue uql; ukila we;sjkafka@''
- ix'ks'2'386 msg ^nq'c';%s&
f 'wfk;dcgd - nyscgd' ;;aFjh hgf;a f,dj mqyqka odY_kslhska
n,dfmdfrd;a;=jk wJoug is; yd jHh w;r oOdlrKhla
lau h:d:_h wksh f,i yE,a lr.ekSula jkq we;' taldk;
{dkjd jQ fyda taldk; i;ajd jQ fyda wdl,amhla .ekSfuka f
.egj i|d,Sug .kakd m%h;akh jH:_jkq ksielh' nqrcdKka
jykafia bm;a l< oY_khg wkqj f .egjg we;s tlu iu
wfk;dcgd-nyscgd nJOkh lmd yeuhs'
hF: kdu[p rEm[p
wfiix WmrecCO;s
m>x rEmi[[dp
tF: id Psccf; cgd
- cgd'iQ'^ix'ks'2'26 msg^nq'c';%s&
'h ;efkl kduh;a rEmh;a" .eu iy rEmi[[dj;a
uqukskau lmdykq ,efo" t;ek ta .egh is|,kq ,ef''
[[dKh;a kdurEmh;a w;r mj;sk hiq<s .egqfuka
29

Woa.;jk '/<s' mpp iuqmmdo ojdoidx.fhys b;s wx. flfryso

n,mdhs' wdh;k yh 'fu;ekla' yd 't;ekla ' ms<sn| yeSulg
;= v q f ok wJoka 'wdOHd;l' 'ndys r ' jYfhka fojerej
oOdlrKhlg u. mdohs' iqfYaI w:_hlska .;a l, 'Mii' hk
wji:djo f oOdlrKfhau m%;sM,hls' folla tlsfklg fjkalr
laf uQ,Ou_h thska .uHudkjk w;r [[dKh ;=<skau ta
uQ , Ou_ h m% l g lefrhs ' ''weje;a k s " wei;a " rEmhkq ; a " ks i d
plLq[[dKh Wm' ta ;=fkys tlaj hdu Miihhs' ''''''''uOqmsKl'
iQ'u'ks'1280 msg nq'c';%s&
,S len,s foll .e ms<sn| iQ;%d.; Wmudj iamY_fhys f
me;slvg ksoY_khls'6 fokd wji:dj jkg wkqN+;sh ;=<ska u;=jQ
f jrh 'uu fj' hk yeSu biau;= lr,Sug ;r <dlj
ixf fjhs'
''tys,d wdkJoh" hfula fufia lshhso" 'fokdj uf.a wd;auh
fkdf" uf.a wd;auh m%;sixfo fkdf' uf.a wd;auh Jokh
lrhs' fokd iajNdjh we;af;lauh uf.a wd;auh' - tjekakl=g
fufia lsjhq;= jkafkah' 'weje;aks" bka fokdfjda ij_m%ldrfhkau
ksrjfYaI jYfhka ksreoO fj;ao" yeu whqrlskau fokdj ke;sl,ays"
fokd ksfrdaOfhka" t;ek 'f uu fj' hkakla ;sh yelso@''
''ke;uh" ijdks"''
-uydksodk'iQ''ks'2'102msg^nq'c';%s&
[[dKfha fjkalr laf lD;Hh fuys ;%sO fokd w;r
fjkalr k.ekSula jYfhka fmkS ishs' tksidu we;e wji:djl
[[dKh ykajd we;af;ao iem-la - fkdlafkdiqj hk ;%sO
fokdj fjkafldg k.ekSula ^cdkd;s& jYfhks' ^uyd fjo,,
iq'u'ks1'686 f fjkalr k.ekSu ;=<ska iem fokdj ms<sn|
;Kydjl=;a tys m%;sM,hla jYfhka ta foig fhduqjQ Wmdodkhl=;a
yg.kS' Wmdodkhg wod< l%shdj,sh ;=< ;Kydfjys 'fkrd hdula'
^k;s-ku%;dj" keu& isfuka wkqN+;sh ;=< we;sjQ jrh .%dyH.%dyl fNaoh wkqj ksh; jYfhkau mr;rhla njg m;ajk f;la
mq,a f' 'Njh' ke;fyd;a 'meje;au' hkq f mr;rh mshjd .ekSf
jHdc m%h;akhla muKs' ta m%h;akh kej; kej;;a jH:_ jkafka Bg
mok lr.kakd jia;+ka ksrk;rfhkau foord weo jefgk neks'
30

t;l= jQj;a ta weojefgk mok" wyxldrhla" 'fj' hk wiudkhla"

yqjd laug m%udKj;a f' 'wyxldrhdf.a' oDI fldaKhg wkqj
w,a,d .kakd oEu ^Wmdodk& j;al ^Wm& yehg fmkShhs'
hula msysg lr.kSo thu udkhg jia;= lr.kshs' f wkqj iDKd;ul
j.lS u la ;= < s k a Okd;ul j;a l ixl,a m hla u;= f jhs ' ks y S k
jy,a N djhlg jHdc jij;_ k ijdFjhla wdfrda m Kh lefrhs '
Wvq l = r ej hl= r e yudrh' wfk;dcgdjg nys c gdj tla f jhs '
'wyxldrhd' ka re-wrel msreKq f,djl bmso crd-urKfidal-mfoaj lL fodaukii Wmhdidhg Ndckh fjhs'

mdol igyka(
1' Nj;=kla wE|d.;a ium%odhd.; mpp iuqmmdo jrKh wccd
- ixLdrd hk wx. fol w;S;Njhg ouk neka fuys wgqjdpdka
jykafiaag .egjla bm;a fjhs'
''kdurEmh we;s l,ays [[dKh fjh's" fuys ixialdr
we;sl,ays [[dKh;a" woHdj we;s l,ays ixialdr;a we;ehs lsjhq;=j
;snqKs' tfy;a ta folu fuys bhg f.k ke;' ta ulaksido h;a
woHd ixialdr w;S; Njhg wh;a fyhsks' f oY_kdj tajd iu
inJO fkdfjhs' uydmqreIhka jykafia j;_udk jYfhka mpp
iuqmmdohg nei.;a ksidh' woHd ixialdr wx. fol fkdl
nqug yelshdjla keye fkdfo@ fkdyels nj i;Hhls' tajd
Wkajykafia iska Nj-Wmdodk-;Kyd wx. jYfhka olakd ,'
fu;ek mpp iuqmmdo l:dj ia;r jYfhka l< hq;=f' tfy;a
ta ia;r l:dj sY+o ud._fhys lrk ,oafoauh''
- 'w' I 311 msgqj ^fya'uq&
w;S;-j;_udk-wkd.; hk ld,;%hgu fmd jQ ixidr hiq<sh
[[dKh;a kdurEmh;a w;r lrlefjk f,i .;al, hglS .egj
u;=fkdf' m%{djf.a nei.ekSula we;af;a [[dK-kdurEm wfkHdakH
m%;H inJO;dj ;=<u neka ^t;;dj;d m[[djprx& bka Tng
hdfula ke;' ^kdmrx .pP;s&' f hiq<sh ms<sn| wkjfndaOhu
wccd kue;s m<uqfjks wx.hhs' ta wkjfndaOh ksid fudayfhka
flfrk f;rmqu-.egqu-fofjks wx.h jk ixialdrhs' f ;;aFjh
ms<sn| h:djfndaOfhkau ta ksr:_l f;rmqu ksreoO f' fufia .;al,
uydmodk iQ;%fha tk mppiuqmmdo .%yfha lsis wvqjla fkdfmfka'
31

wx. 12lska iuka; mpiuqmmdo Ou_h w;S; Njhka kqgq fidajdka

wd mqo.,hd iska mjd m%{dfjka uekka olakd ,o ^m[[dh
iqfgGd fyd;s iqmmfoOd& wd kHdhhls' ^wfhd [dfhd&'
2' ''fokd" i[[d f;kd" Mii" ukisldr- fuhgh" weje;aks"
'kdu' hhs lshkqfha' i;r uydN+;hka yd i;r uyd N+;hka
Wmdodk lr.;a rEmh-fuhgh" weje;aks" rEmhhs lshkqfha'''
- iuudg iq'u'ks' I126^nq'c';%s&
3' wfk;dcgd nyscgd
cgdh c;d mcd
- cgd'iq'ix'ks'I'26 msg ^nq'c';%s&
'we;=<;o fjuls' msg;o fjuls' i;aFjm%cdj fjulska fj<S
we;''
4' i<dh;kh fu;ek i|yka ke;;a iamY_h ms<sn| f mD:q,d:_j;a
jrKh ;=<ska tys l%shdldFjh .uHudkf' i<dh;kh
fndfydag 'iamY_ wdh;k yh' ^c Miidh;kdks hkqfjka ykajd
;suo ie<lsh hq;a;ls'&
5' ''uyK" rEmialJOhdf.a meKug i;ruydN+;fhda fya;=j fj;s"
i;r uydN+;fhda m%;Hh fj;s'''
- uydmqKKu iq'u'ks'3'118 msg^nq'c';%s&
6' hfia" uyfKks" ,S len,s foll we;s,a,S jYfhka tl;=fuka
WKqiqu Wmo" .sks yg.kSo" ta ,S len,s foflysu fjka lsfuka"
fjkalr ;efuka" thska Wmka WKqiqula f k th ksreoO
fo" ikaisf|ao" tfiau" uyfKks" f ;=ka fokdfjda iamY_fhka
Wmkakdyqh" iamY_h uq,afldg .;a;dyqh" iamY_h ksodkh fldg
.;a;dyqh" iamY_h m%;Hh fldg .;a;dyqh' ta ta iamY_h ksid ta
ta fokdfjda Wm;a' ta ta iamY_hdf.a ksfrdaOfhka ta ta fokd
fjda ksreoO fj;a'
-MiiuQ,l iq'ix'ks'4'410 msg ^nq'c';%s&
f Wmudj by; lS 'we;a; jYfhkau fohla yehg .Kka
.kq ,nk iuMiihg' idOlhls'
32

6' 'wd;auh' - oDI fldaKhl Wm;

hiq<s .egqu ;=<ska 'wyxldrhd' ke;fyd;a wd;auh mqoa.,hl=
jYfhka Wm;1 ,nkq yd iu.u oDI fldaKhlao ysfjhs' is
wdldr illdhgh ^i;a +ldh+oDI-'iuQ y hu we;ehs .eka u '&
ksrEmkh lrkafka udhdjla n 'wd;auh' ksrka;rfhka hk
f.dvj,a^ialJO& myla w,a,d .kska ;udg r|d isug mokula
;kd .ekSug orK W.% m%h;akhhs'
''uyfKks" hfia mj;hlska .,dniakd" fhys jefgk
jefgk oE my<g .idf.k hk" r.uka we;s f.j;a c,Odrd
iys; khla fo" bka tys fof;r yg.;a jela ;K f k tajd
ta khg t,an .kS" yg.;a l=i;K fk" tajd ta khg t,an
.kS" yg.;a nnqia ;K f k tajd ta khg t,an .kS' yg.;a
iqj| fydg ;K f k tajd ta khg t,an .kS" yg.;a .ia f
k tajd ta khg t,an .kS'
ta kfha iev h myka my<g .idf.k hk mqreIfhla
bka ta jela ;K w,a,d .kafkao tajd isf|kafkah' Tyq ta fya;=fldg
f.k n,j;a jHikhg m;ajkafkah' bka l=i;K w,a,d .kafkao
tajd isf|kafkah' Tyq ta fya;=fldg f.k n,j;a jHikhg m;ajkafkah'
bka nnqia ;K w,a,d.kafkao tajd isf|kafkah' Tyq ta fya;=fldgf.k
n,j;a jHikhg m;ajkafkah' bka iqj| fydg ;K w,a,d.kafkao
tajd isf|kafkah' Tyq ta fya;=fldg f.k n,j;a jHikhg m;a
jkafkah' bka .ia w,a,d .kafkao tajd isf|kafkah' Tyq ta fya;=
fldgf.k n,j;a jHikhg m;ajkafkah'

olshs '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ixialdr wd;auh jYfhka olshs'''''''''''''''''''

{dkh wd;auh jYfhka olshs'''''''''''''''''''''''''' Tyq ta fya;=fldg
f.k n,j;a jHikhg m;afjhs'
- koS iq'ix'ks'3-236 msg
'wfk;dcgd-nyscgd' ;;aFjh ;=<ska u;=jk ;%dickl brKu
k f.hk" kefik ijNdjhla we;s kuq f f.dvj,a my
mqoa.,hl=f.a 'fj' hk udkh mj;ajdf.k hdug wkqn, uhs' ta
flfiao lsjfyd;a uqyqK n,k lKaKdh th foi n,kakdf.a
uqyqK ms<sUq lrkakdla fuks'
''weje;aks" wdkJo" w,a,d .ekSulska 'fj' hk yeSu fjhs"
w,a,d fkd.ekSulska fkdf' l=ula w,a,d.ekSfuka 'fj' hhs fo"
w,a,d fkd.ekSulska fkdfo@ rEmh w,a,d .ekSfuka 'fj' hhs
fjhs' w,a,d fkd.ekSulska fkdf' fokdj''''''''''''ix{dj'''''''''''''
ixialdr'''''''''' {dkh w,a,d .ekSfuka 'fj' hhs fjhs' w,a,d
fkd.ekSulska fkdf' weje;aks" wdkJo" hfia yevjev oukq leu;s
;reK i;%shla fyda mqreIfhla fyda msis meyem;a lKakdhl fyda
meye,s hnfkl fyda ;udf.a uqjks;a; foi n,kafka hula
w,a,df.k olskafka fo w,a,d fkdf.k fkdfo" tfiau weje;aks
wdkJo" rEmh w,a,d.ekSfuka 'fj' hhs f' w,a,d fkd.ekSfuka
fkdf' fokdj'''''''''''''ix{dj'''''''''''ixialdr''''''''{dkh w,a,d
.ekSfuka 'fj' hhs f' w,a,d fkd.ekSfuka fkdf'
-wdkJo iq'ix'ks'3-180 msg

uyfKks" tfihskau wdhhka fkdolakd" wd Ou_fhys woCI"

wd Ou_fhys fkdyslauqKq" i;a mqreIhka fkdolakd' i;amqreI Ou_fhys
woCI" i;amqreI Ou_fhys fkdyslauqKq wY%e;j;a mD:.ack f;f
rEmh wd;uh jYfhka olshs' wd;uh rEmjk; hhs olshs" wd;uh
;=< rEmh we;ehs olshs' rEmh ;=< wd;uh we;ehs olshs' Tyqf.a ta
rEmh f|hs" Tyq ta fya;=fldg f.k n,j;a jHikhg m;afjhs'
fokdj wd;auh jYfhka olshs'''''''''''''' ix{dj wd;auh jYfhka

woHd kSjrKhg hgjQ wY%e;j;a mD:.ackhdf.a m%;HfCIdjg

;udf.a 'wd;auh' ksielju m%;HCI fohla f,i fmkS hkafka f
'w,a,d.ekSu' ;=< we;s idfmaCI;dj ksiduh' wd;au ms<sUqj Tyq
wkqj fijke,a,la fuka we ths' bmi je we;s ;udf.a fijke,a,
blaujd hdug fyda miqmiska we;s fijke,af,ka hdug fyda
flkl= wiu;a fjhs' Ydij;jdhdg yd Wfpojdhdg i;aldh
oDIh ;=<ska mek kefk .eg f wkqj f;are .; yelsfjhs'
wd;au iafkayh j .;a Ydij;jdhdg wks;H;d Ou_h yuqf
isjk n,dfmdfrd;a;= lvu myiqfjka jgyd .; yels kuq;a
wd;au oafIfhka kdi;sl oDIh Tiafia uql;sh fidhk Wfpojdhdg

33

34

bm;ajk .egj jgyd .ekSu myiq fkdf' kdi;sl oDIh

;=<ska ;ud j m%;sfCIam lrk 'wd;auh' ;ud miqmiu we tk nj
wk;CIKfha ^we;=<; ne,Sf& Tyqg m%;HCI fjhs' tneka 'ug
wd;auhla we;' hk oDIh .;a ;eke;a;d fukau 'ug wd;auhla
ke;' hk oDIh .;a ;eke;a;do illdh gfhka ug wiu;a
fjhs'2
''h Nj;a uyK nuqKq flfkla we;a;djQ i;aFjhl=f.a Wfpoh
kdYh fkdmeje;au mKj;ao" Tyq i;aldhg fhka" i;aldh
ms<sl=,a lsfuka" i;aldh wkqju jgrjqf j;a" jfg lrlefj;a'
hfia n ojef,ka ne n,af,la jQ lKqjl fyda W,l n|kd
,fha tu lKqj fyda W, jgrjqf jfhao" jfg lrlefo" tfiau
f Nj;a uyK nuqfKda i;aldhg fhka" i;aldh ms<sl=,a lsfuka"
i;aldh wkqju jgrjqf j;a" jfg lrlefj;a'''
-m[p;;h iq'u'ks'3'36 msg
fijke,a,la foig jhdu fukau thska m,dhdug ;e;a
lsu ksIM, jkakdla fuka illdh gfhka isf;ys me,mhjQ
ifudayh 'we;' 'ke;' lS muKska re fkdf' tneka nqrcdKka
jykafia Bg ka iu jQfha m[p WmdodkilJOfha m%;S;H iuq;mkk
ijNdjh wjfndaO lr.ekSfuka 'fijke,a,' fijke,a,lau nj jgyd
.ekS u hs '

we;af;ah'~ hk wdkHdhh jgyd .kshs' ^'hx ls[ iuQohOuux

innx ;x ksfrdOOuux'
-Wmd,s iq'u'ks'I 72 msg
f widudkH oY_kh ksid isjk fudyr reu ;=<ska
flkl= w;aolsk mj;_kh flf;la wisu;ao h;a nqrcdKka jykafia
th cd;HJOhl=g weia ,efuka jk fjkig iudk l<y' Wm;skau
w| mqreIfhla weia fmfkk lm mqreIhl= iska iqmdg msis
ji;%hlehs lshd f;,a,s ;ejreKq o< l ji;%hlska rjgk ,oafoa
weia ,efuka miq ta lm mqoa.,hd flfrys fkdi;=gq jkakdla
fuka wd Y% d jlhdo Ou_ p CIq I h my<fuka miq fuf;la ;udj
/jgQ ;udf.a is; ms<sn|jo tjeksu wdl,amhla .kakd nj nqroyq
jod<y'

''fuh Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia iska jodrk ,' 'hfula mpp

iuqmmdoh olSo" fya Ou_h olshs' hfula Ou_h olSo" fya mppiuQmmdoh
olshs' lshdh' f WmdodkilJO my jkdys mpp iuQmmkkh' f
WmdodkilJO mfiys h PJohla" wd,hla" wkqj we hdula" ne
isula fo" th CL iuqohhs' f Wmdk ialJOmfiys h PJord."
khlafo" PJord. m%ydKhla fo" th 'CL ksfrdaOhh' lshdhs'
-uydyFmfodamu iq'u'ks'I460
m%{d wdf,dalfhka h:dN+;[dKh my<jQ wji:df hg lS
fijke,a, iajkafka w .Kf mgq oDI fldaKhla ksid nj
wjfndaO fjhs' f oY_kh fkdfyd;a m%;sfOh flf,ia OQ,s flf,iau,
rys; oy wei my< f m%;sM,hls' ^rcx ;u,x Ouu plLqx
Womd'''''''''& ta m%{d pCIqIh ;=<ska fida;dmkk wd Y%djlhd
h;dla hla yg.kakd ijNdj we;af;ao" ta yeu ksreoOjk ijNdjho

~~tfiau ud.Jh" uu;a Tng 'f ta wdfrda.Hhh" f ta

ksnndkhh' hkqfjka Ou_h foikafk k" Tno ta wdfrda.Hh
kf.k ksjk olskafkysk" Tng ta wei my< u yd iuu
m[pWmdodkilJOh ms<sn|j h PJord.hla o" th myjhkafkah'
;jo" Tng fufiao isf;kafkah' ''wfyda` fndfyda l,la uu f is;
iska rjgk ,fh' w,a,d .ekSf uu rEmhu w,a,d .;s'
fokdju w,a,d .;s' i[[dju w,a,d.;s' ixialdru w,a,d
.;s' [[dKhu w,a,d .;s' ta w,a,d .ekSu m%;Hh fldgf.k
Njh fjhs' Njh m%;Hh fldgf.k cd;sh fjhs" cd;sh m%;Hh
fldgf.k crdurK fidal je,mS la fodkia wdhdi fjhs'
fufia f ;kslr la f.dfvys yg.ekau fjhs' ''
-ud.Jh iq'u'ks' 2'302 msg ^nq'c';%s&
uela ldrhdf.a l+fgdaml%u kso gq wji:df Tng we;s
jQ l,lsu" Ou_pCIQIh my<fuka isjk wdl,muh mj;_kh
f;are .ekSug bshla jkq we;' wd Y%djlhd" uela ldrhd
fmkajkag hk 'cdj' th fmkajkag;a l,ska lSug mgka .kshs'
uela ldrhd fmkajk cdj ;=< wreu mqu fohla ke;ehs wd
Y%djlhdg ka jegfykafka uela laf ryi fld;ekhs Tyqg
wjfndaO we;s fyhsks' ryi ie we;af;a ;udf.au ika;dk.;
rd." fodai" fuday hk flf,ia uq,a ;=k ;=< nj Tyq ka okshs'
thska mndysrjQ i;a;djla-i;Hnjla- [[dK udhdjg wod<
WmlrK yd Wml%u ;=< ke;s nj Tyqg ka m%;HCI we;' ta ksid

35

36

ld<ldrdu iQ;%fha nqrka l< my; i|yka m%ldYh w.h lsug

Tyq iu;afjhs'
''uyfKks" fufia jkdys ;:d.;hka jykafia lSfuka fjkajQ
lsh hq;= fohla we;ehs fkdys;a" kqgqjla ^f,i& fkdys;a" lsh
hq;a;la we;ehs fkdys;a" olskafkla we;ehs fkdys;a''''''''''''''''
[[dKfhys 'mpp iuQ mmkk ' ijNdjh ks o lS u
udhdld wd;auhdf.a wjika n,fldgqj | fy<Sula jekak' ta yd
iu.u ilaldh gh m%ydkh jk w;r wd;u ix{djg moku jk
'Wm'- tk m[pWmdodk ilJOh- f. hdug mgka .ks h s '
[[dKh" ; w;alS lelr.;a 'wrgqj' f,i .; fkdyels nj
fmkShhs' ta fjkqjg ka Tyq th fhdaksfida ukisldrfhka olskafka
.skakla fuka iqfYaI fya;= m%;H we;sgu mekksk mppiuQmmkkjQ
Ou_hla f,isks'
''uyfKks" h hu m%;Hhla ksid .skakla ,afo" ta ta
m%;Hh kdufhkau hfia .Kka .kq ,efo" yekafo" ^tk& ,S
ksid .skakla ,afjhso" ta ,S .skaklehs .sKSug fhhs" ,S len,s
ksid .skakla ,afjhso" ta len,s;s .skaklehs .sKSug fhhs" ;K
ksid .skakla ,afjhso th ;Kfld< .skaklehs .sKSug fhhs"
f.du ksid .skakla ,afjhso th f.du .skaklehs .sKSug fhhs"
oyhshd ksid .skakla ,afjhso" th oyhshd .skaklehs .sKSug
fhhs" li< ksid .skakla ,afjhso th li< .skaklehs .sKsug
fhhs" tmu" uyfKks" h hu m%;Hhla ksid [[dKh Wmo"
ta ta m%;Hh kdufhkau .sKSug fhhs' weio rEmhkao ksid [[dKh
Wmhso" th plLq [[dKhuehs .sKSug fhhs" lKo Yohkao
ksid [[dKh Wmhso" th fida; [[dhuehs .sKSug fhhs"
keyeho .JOhkao ksid [[dKh Wmhso" th >dk [[dKhuehs
.sKSug fhhs" jo rihkao ksid [[dKh Wmhso th jyd
[[dKhuehs .sKSug fhhs" lho iam%IgjHhkao ksid [[dKh
Wmhso" th ldh [[dKhuehs .sKSug fhhs" ukio Ou_hkao
ksid [[dKh Wmhso th ufkd[[dKhuehs .sKSug fhhs'

wd;u oDI fldaKhg wkqj l,ska i;H jYfhkau we;ehs

.;a m[pilJOh ka fya;= m%;Hhkaf.ka yg.;a ^mpp iuQmmkk&
ilia lr.;a ^ixL;& fohla f,i fmkShhs' tajdfha tla/iau
^Wmph& [[dKh ;=<skau ldka" fm tk l%shdika;;shla njo
meye,sf' tkuq;a [[dKh mjd my< jkafka Bg ksis m%;Hhka
we;sfgl muKs'
''weje;aks" bka wdOHd;ljQ^we;=<;skajQ& wei fkdfka f
k ndysr rEmo weia yuqjg fkdmefKa k" thskau Wmka fhduquo
^;fccd iukkdydfrd& fkdf k" ta ; dla ta ;= < s k a u Wmk
[[dKNd.hdf.a ^;ccii [[dKNd.ii& my<ula fkdfjhs'

weje;aks" wdOHd;ljQ wei fkdfka fo" ndysr rEmo

weia yuqjg mefKao" thskau Wmka fhduqu fkdfjhs k ta;dla ta
;=<skau Wmk [[dK Nd.hdf.a my<u fkdfuh'
weje;aks" hfyhlska wdOHd;l wei fkdfka fo" ndysr
rEmo weia yuqjg mefKao" thskau Wmka fhduqulao fo" fufia ta
;=<skau Wmk [[dKNd.hdf.a my<u fjhs'
tn jQjyqf.a h rEmhla fo" th rEm Wmdodk ialkaOfhys
we;=<;a njg fhhs' tn jQjyqf.a h fokdjla fo" th fokd
WmdodkialJOfhys we;=<;a njg fhhs' tn jQjyqf.a h ix{djla
fo" th ix{d WmdodkilJOfhys we;=<;a njg fhhs' tn jqjyqf.a
h ixialdr fo" tajd ixialdr WmdodkialJOfhys we;=<;a njg
fhhs' tn jQjyqf.a h {dkhla fo th {dkWmdodkilJOfhys
we;=<;a njg fhhs' fyf;u fufia okshs'
''fufiah f Wmdodk f.dvj,a mfya we;=<;a u" tl;= u"
tla /iau jkafka''''''''''''''''''''''
-uydyFmfodmu iq'u'ks'I 460 msg

-uyd;KydixLh iq'u'ks'I608
37

38

mdol igyka(
1' ''uyfKks" 'cd;s' hkq ljfo@ ta ta i;aFjhkaf.a ta ta i;aFj
ksldfhys Wm;la" yg.ekSula" l=ig nei .ekaula" fYaI bmula"
ialJOhkaf.a my<ula" wdh;khkaf.a ,nd.ekSulafo" uyfKks"
f 'cd;s' hhs lshkq ,ef'
-ix'ks'2'4 msg
mq ,a u w:_ f hka .;a l , ~~cd;s ~ ~ hka k wuq r ka " wdhgo
^cd;rEmrc;x& fhh yels nj whmfhik iQ;%fhka fy<sf'
''uyfKks" f Wmyq bmu ijNdj fldg we;a;dy'''
^cd;sOuud fyf; NsCLfj WmOfhd&
-whmfhik iq'u'ks'I396 msg

ke=k tajd neka nqrcdKka jykafia ksyehdfjkau Bg ms<s;=re

kay' mqyqka ukfia cks; m; ixl,amhla f,iu ie<l=jd i
'wd;auh fujekakle'hs nqrka lsisfia;a m%l,amkh fkdl< neka
Wkajykafia th m%;sfCIam lf<a WmdodkialJO mfyka tlla weiqfrka
ta ixl,amh ;yjqre lr .ekSug iqfYaI m%Yak bm;a l< gl
muKs' ksoiqka jYfhka lsjfyd;a" fmdgGmdo mn%dclhd 'ijdks"
i[[dj mqreIhl=f.a wd;auho ke;fyd;a i[[dj tlls' wd;auh
wksllau'hs weiQ m%Yakhg ms<s;=re ug l,ska nqrcdKka jykafia
''fmdgGmdo" Tn l=ula wd;auhla f,i .kafkysoe~~ hs w;=re m%Yakhla
ke.+y''' ^fmdgGmdo iq''ks'I408msg&

2' ue isfha inndij iQ;%fha nqrcdKka jykafia my; lafjk

wJof wfhdaksfida ukisldr ;=<ska mek k.sk :Hd oDI yhla
w;rg by; lS oDI folo we;=<;a lr jod<y'
'uu w;S; ld,fhys jQfhfoda fyda w;S; ld,fhys kQjQfhfoda
fyda w;S; ld,fhys ljfrla jQfhfoda fyda w;S; ld,fhys flfia
jQfhfoda fyda uu w;S; ld,fhys ljfrlaj isg ljfrla jQfhfoda
fyda uu wkd.; ld,fhys fjfoda fyda wkd.; ld,fhys fkdfjfoda
fyda wkd.; ld,fhys ljfrla fjfoda fyda wkd.; ld,fhys
flfiafjfoda fyda wkd.; ld,fhys ljfrlaj isg ljfrla fjfoda
fydahs" ka j;_udkfhyso ;ud flfrys iel we;af;a fjhs" uu
fjfoda fyda uu fkdfjfoda fyda ljfrlafjfoda fyda flfia fjfoda
fyda f i;aFjf;u fldhska wdfhafoda fyda fldys hkafkafoda fydahs'
-u'ks'I 22 msg
fujeks wksis fufkys ls ;=<ska flkl= igq jk ,eyenl
w;rux jkafka tajd 'uu' hk ia:djrfhys j msysgd we;s neks'
ksishdldr fufkys lsu p;=rd i;Hh wkqj fufkys lsuhs'
'Wmofka llau Wmhs' ksreoO jkafka llau ksreoO fjhs''

jpPf.d;; mn%dclhd weiQ 'wd;auhlaa ;sfo@wd;auhla keoao@'

hk m%Yak folo ^ix'ks'4-704 msg& wfhdaksfidaukisldrfhka mek
39

40

7' f,daflda;;r ud._h

{dk udhdjg msgqmiska we;s iQCIu wrwe rgdj ms<sn|j
,nk CIKsl oY_kduh m%;HCIh flfkl=f.a ; w;alS flfrys
ksrk;rfhka n,mdk wdY%j Yla;Ska h<d ug ;r m%udKj;a
fkdh yelsh'1 ldudij" Njdij" wccdij jYfhka fndfydag
f;jeoEre f,i;a" we;eg gGdij yd tlafldg isjqjeoEre
f,i;a olajkq ,nk f wdY%jfhda wmf.a idxidl w;alS m%jdyfhka
cks; wdNdih oyd olaj;s' wmf.a ;;ik;dkh ;=<g ldje
mj;akd ishu flf,ia .;s mqre" m%jK;d" wdprKSh Ou_" wdY%jhka
;=<ska ksfhdackh lefrhs' tajd n,mdk wdldrh ms<sn|j jvd;a
.eUqre .%yhla rd.dkqih" m>dkqih" gGdkqih" lspPdkqih"
udkdkqih" Njrd.dkqih iy wcPdkqih hk i;ajeoEre wkqih
Ou_ u.ska bm;a lefrhs' wkqih Ou_ ;; ik;dkh hka fjk
hje,aj,g Wmud lrf;d;a wdY%j" u;=msg wj is;g .,d tk
c,m%jdy jekak" nq oyf uQ,sl wdpdr Ou_ jrKhkays f wdY%j
m%jdyhkaf.a m%n, wdNdih fmkakq lefrkafka tajd '>' kjQ
fof.dv ;,dhk iej;=re jYfhka yekafuks'
wkqYh" wdY%j iy > Ou_hkaf.a n,mEu yuqfjys bJsh{dkh
ms<sn| mQK_ m%;sixOdkhla we;slr .ekSu wm%udo m%;smodj ;=<skau
bgqlr.; hq;= Ilr ldhla f,i fndfyda g fmkShkq we;' wd
wIgdx.sl ud._fhys f,daflda;;r wxYh2 tu l;_jHh Wfoid wjYH
Ndjkduh Ys C IKh wd Y% d jlhdg ,nd fok w;r tus k a
m[pqmdodkialJOh tla /iau j<lajd ,ka hglS flf,ia n,f.
ksIal%sh lsug u ie,fihs'

fkduq<djQ" wdkj olska fjfikakdjQ Tyqg u;=jg we;sh yelsj

;snQ Wmdodk f.dvj,a my f. f. hhs ^wmphx .pPk;s& kej;
Njhla yg.kajk" ;=gq we,S iys;" ta ta ;ek fjfiiska i;=gqjk
;Kydjo m%ySk fjhs' Tyqf.a ldhsl ,so m%ySk fjhs" ffp;isl
,so m%ySk fjhs" ldhsl ;e,so m%ySk fjhs" ffp;isl ;e,so
m%ySk fjhs" fyf;u lfha iqjhlao" isf;a iqjhlao hs' tjeks
;;aFjhlg m;ajQjyqf.a h oDIhla fo" th Tyqf.a iuHla oDIh
fjhs' tjekakl=f.a h ixl,amhla fo" th Tyqf.a iuHla ixl,amh
fjhs' tjekakl=f.a h jHdhduhla fo" th Tyqf.a iuHla jHdhduh
fjhs' tjekakl=f.a h iauD;shla fo th Tyqf.a iuHla iauD;sh
fjhs' tjekakl=f.a h iudhla fo th Tyqf.a iuHla iudh
fjhs' l,skau Tyqf.a ldh lu_h" jd.a lu_h" wdjh iqmsis jQfha
fjhs" fufia Tyqg wd wIgdx.sl ud._h Ndjkd jYfhka mmQK_Fjhg
fhhs ' '''''''''' ''
-uydi<dh;ksl iq'u'ks'3-596
' ixL; ' ke;fyd;a ' ilia l r.;a ' f,i yka j d we;s
m[pq m dodkilJOh jkdys woHd wdY% j fhka meiS ta l rdYS j Q
bJshdkqidrfhka ,;a w;alS iuQyhuh' uudhkh u.ska u[[kd
jYfhka t,an.;a bJsh f.dapr wruqKq ;=<g ldje we;s wdY%j Ou_
ksid m%m[phla yg.kS' f ;;aFjh hgf;a .;hq;= w;HjYH mshjrla
f,i fYaIfhka wjOdrKh lefrkqfha bJsh f.daprh ms<sn|j
ksIg rd.S wdl,amhhs' ndysh ;dmi;=udg nqrka ka Wmfoiska
fmkShk m f YsCIKhg odYksl fukau wdpdrO miqulao
we;'

''uyfKks" wei we;s yefhka ^h:dN+; jYfhka& okafka

olafka" rEmhka we;s yefhka okafka olafka wei ms<sn| [[dKh
we;syefhka okafka" olafka" wei ms<sn| iamY_h we;s yefhka
okafka" olafka" wei ms<sn| iamY_h ksid h iemjQ fyda lajQ fyda
fkdla fkdiqjjQ fyda ula fo tho we;s yefhka okafka
ola f ka " wefiys fkdwef,hs " rEmhka y s fkdwef,hs " wei ms < s n |
[[dKfhys fkdwef,hs" wei ms<sn| iamY_fhys fkdwef,hs" wei
ms<sn| iamY_h ksid h iemjQ fyda lajQ fyda fkdla fkdiqjjQ fyda
ula fo tyso fkdwef,hs' tajdfha fkdwekdjQ" fkdnekdjQ"

''tfiak" ndysh" Tn iska fufia yslah hq;=h' gqfjys

gqnj muKlau jkafkah' weiqfkys weiqkq nj muKlau jkafkah'
kqfkys kqk nj muKlau jkafkah' o;=fhys k.;a nj muKlau
jkafkah' fufiah ndysh Tn iska yslah hq;af;a' h fgl ndysh
Tng gqfjys gqnj muKlau jkafkao" weiqfkys weiqkq nj muKlau
jkafkao" kqfkys kqk nj muKlau jkafkao" o;=fhys k.;a nj
muKlau jkafkao" tg ndysh Tn 'thska ' fkdjkafkysh' h
fgl ndysh Tn 'thska' fkdjkafkyso" tg ndysh Tn 'tys'
fkdjkafkysh' h fgl ndysh Tn 'tys' fkdjkafkyso" tg
ndysh Tn 'fuys;a' ke;' 'tys;a' ke;' ta fol w;r;a ke;' fuhu
flys fl<jrh'''
-ndysh iq'Wod142 ^Lq'ksI)

41

42

8 ;:;dj iy ;d mqoa.,hd

mdol igyka(
1' hfia weje;aks ldka;dr ud._hl <s|la fo" tys /yekla fyda
h.ekSug nkla fyda fkdjkafkao" tl,ays .%I
S ufhka fmkq
l,dk;jQ msmdis;jQ mqreIfhla tkafkah' fyf;u ta <s| ;=<g t
n,kafkah' Tyqg 'c,h' hhs kSu jkafkah' lfhka th iamY_
fldg fkdfjfikafkah'
tfiau weje;aks" NjksfrdaOh ksjk hhs ;;ajQ m
ukd kqjKska uiska olakd ,' uu wdY%jhka CIh l< ry;a
flfklao fkdfj'
- fldiu iq'ix'ks'2'186
2' wd wIgdx.sl ud._fhys f,!lsl yd f,daflda;;r wxY fol w;r
fjki uydp;;dil iQ;%fha meye,s lr we;'
- u'ks'3-212 msg

43

wx. fodf<dilska iuka; mppiuqmmdo Ou_hg mok jQ

uQ, isoOdk;h jQl,s i[[dKl fukau w[[dKl f,dalhgo
wod<jQ Yaj idOdrK Ou_kshdu;djls' fya;= m%;Hhkaf.ka we;sjk
ishu foa fya;= m%;H ke;sjk g ksreoO jk whqre oyd olajk
.;sl ,CIKhlska hq;= oY_khla ta ;=<ska wkdjrKh lefrhs'
fuh we;sl,ays - fuh fjhs
fuys we;sfuka - fuh we;sfjhs
fuh ke;sl,ays - fuh fkdfjhs
fuys ke;sfuka - fuh ke;sfjhs
f uQ, isoOdk;h wx. fodf<di ;=<g flf;la rg ldje
we;so lsjfyd;a ms<sfj,ska we;s kEu wx. hq.,hla Ou_ kshdu;djg
ksoY_khla jYfhka f.kyer lah yelsh' nqrka mppiuqmmdo
Ou_h;a mppiuQmmkk Ou_hkq;a w;r fjki we;e wji:dj,
olajd jodf<a yq ndysrdx. j .ekSfuka w;HjYH wk;._;h
fkd;ld yef mqyqka m%jK;dj uekka o;a ksiduh'
''uyfKks" kqU,dg mppiuqmmdoho mppiuqmmkk Ou_o
foaYkd lr' th wijq' uekka fufkys lrjq' lshkafk'''
''jykai" tfiah'hs ta NsCIQyq Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag ms<sjoka
kay'
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fuh jod< fial'
''l=ulao" uyfKks" mppiuqmmdoh@ cd;sm%;Hfhks crdurKh'
;:d.;hkaf.a Wm;la jQfha fyda fjd ;:d.;hkaf.a Wm;la kqjQfha
fyda fjd ta Ou_Od;=j" Ou_ i:s;s;dj" Ou_ kshdu;dj bommpph;dj
isfhauh' th ;:d.; f;u wjfndaO lr.kshs' jgyd .kshs' wjfndaO
lrf.k" jgydf.k lshd fohs" foihs" mKjhs" msysgqjhs" jrKh
lrhs" fnod olajhs" myod fohs" n,jq hehs lshhs'
uyfKks" cd;s m%;Hfhka crdurKh f hk fuys h tfia
njla" fkdtfia fkdjk njla" wka-fia fkdjk njla" fuh-ksidfuh-jk njla weoa o " fuh mppiuQ mmdoh hhs ' ls h kq ,ef'
uyfKks" Nj m%;Hfhka cd;sh f' ''''''''''''' uyfKks" Wmdodk
m%;Hfhka Njh f''''''''''''''uyfKks" ;DIKd m%;Hfhka Wmdodkh
f ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' u y f K k s " f o k d m % ; H f h k a ; D IK d j
44

fjhs''''''''''''''uyfKks" iamY_ m%;Hfhka fokdj f'''''''''''''''' uyfKks"

Ivdh;k m%;Hfhka iamY_h f''''''''''''''''uyfKks" kdurEm m%;Hfhka
Ivdh;k f'''''''''' uyfKks " {dk m% ; Hfhka kdurEm
f''''''''''''''uyfKks"
ixialdr
m%;Hfhka
{dkh
f''''''''''''''''uyfKks" woHd m%;Hfhka ixialdrfhda fj;a" hk
fuys h tfia njla" fkdtfia fkdjk njla" wkafia fkdjk njla"
fuh ksid-fuh-jk njla weoao" uyfKks" f mppiuQmmdohhs
lshkq ,ef'
uyfKks " mppiuQ mmkk Ou_ hkq ljfo@ uyfKks "
crdurK wks;HjQjls" ilialrk ,oaols" fya;= m%;Hfhka mekke.=kls"
CIh jk ijNdj we;a;ls' jHhjk ijNdj we;af;ls' rd. ijNdj
we;af;ls' ksfrdO ijNdj we;a;ls' uyfKks" cd;sh ^bmu& wks;H
jQjls'''''''''''' uyfKks" Njh '''''''''uyfKks" Wmdodkh''''''''''uyfKks"
;DIKdj''''''''''''' uyfKks" fokdj '''''' uyfKks" iamY_h'''''''''''
uyfKks" Ivdh;kh" ''''''''uyfKks" kdurEmh''''''''' uyfKks"
{dkh''''''''' uyfKks" ixialdr '''''' uyfKks" woHdj wks;HjQjls'
ilialrk ,oaols' fya;= m%;Hfhka mek ke.=kls' CIh jk ijNdj
we;a;ls' jHhjk ijNdj we;a;ls' rd. ijNdj we;a;ls' ksfrdaO
ijNdj we;a;ls" uyfKks" fjdg mppiuQmmkk Ou_hhs lshkq
,ef'
-mpph iq'wNsiuh ix'ks'2' 40msg
;:;d"^tfianj& w;:;d" ^fkdtfia fkdjknj&"wk[[:;d
^wkafia fkdjk nj&" bommpph;d ^fuh-ksid-fuh jk nj&" hk
mo nqrcdKka jykafia mpp iuQmmdo Ou_hg jod< jeo.;a
;ek oyd olajk wJof .eUqre wre;a okjk iqh' uq,ska lajQ mo
;=fkka Ou_ kshdu;dfjys YjjHdmS j,x.=nj ikd: lefrhs' ';:d'
hkq 'tfiau' nj yjk rd.S w:_pPdhdjlska hq;= 'ksy;udkS' .Kfha
mohls' 'h:d'1^hfia& hk moh yd fonE in|;djla we;s ';:d'
wuq;= hula lshd fkdmdk ksy;udksFjhlska hqla;h' taksidu ';:;d'
^tfianj& mpp iuQmmdo Ou_ kshdu;dj yekaug b;du;au W;
Wmmohla fjhs' f jkdys il, iuhdk;r u;sN%uhkaf.ka ksuql;jQ
i;Hh ms<sn| ksj_Hdc ixl,amhls' jrKh lsug" m%ldY lsug"
;:d.;hka jykafia,d my<jQj;a ke;;a iodld,slju i;Hjk Yj
idOdrK ikd;k Ou_;djla 'tfianjla' f,i yekau we;a;jYfhkau
hql;shql;h'
45

iqfYaIjQ m%;Hh inJO;djla yjk bommpph;d ^fuhksid-fuh jk nj& hk moh Ou_ kshdu;dj t<solajk Ou_ moO;sh
;= < we;s m% ; Hfhda ;mkk idfma C I ,CIK fmka k q lrhs ' th
fYaIfhkau mppiuQmmdo Ou_h mqrd olakg ,efnk hq., jYfhka
f.k wx. .%y lsf jeo.;alu fy<slrfokafka tla tla hq.,hl
m<uq wx.h we;s l,ays fojekak wksjdfhkau we tk nj lafuks'2
tla m%;Hfhda;mkk Ou_hla wfkla m%;Hhla lrd muqKqjk wJof
ika;;s ijrEmhlska mej;Sf m%jK;djla Ou_ mrmrdj ;=< we;'
my; i|yka Wmudj mppiuQmmdo Ou_fha hg lS .;s ijrEms;djg
WodyrKhls'
''uyfKks" uyuqyqo .,kafka uyd .x.djka mqrjhs' uyd
.x.d .,kakdyq l=vd .x.djka mqrj;a" l=vd .x.d .,kakdyq uy
fy mqrj;a" uyd fy .,kakdyq l=vd fy mqrj;a" tfihskau
woHdj jefvkafka ixialdr jvhs" ixialdr jefvkafka {dkh
jvhs " {dkh jefvka f ka kdurEm jvhs " kdurEm jefvka f ka
i<dh;k jvhs" i<dh;k jefvkafka tiih jvhs' Miih jefvkafka
fokdj jvhs" fokdj jefvkafka ;Kydj jvhs" ;Kydj jefvkafka
Wmdodk jvhs" Wmdodk jefvkafka Njh jvhs" Njh jefvkafka
cd;sh jvhs" cd;sh jefvkafka crdurK jvhs'
uyfKks" uy uqyqo neihkafka uyd .x.d niajhs' uyd
.x.d neihkakdyq l=vd .x.d niaj;a" l=vd .x.d neihkakdyq uy
fy niaj;a" uy fy neihkakdyq l=vd fy niaj;a" uyfKks"
tfihskau woHdj myjkafka ixialdr myflfrhs' ixialdrfhda
myjhkakdyq {dkh myflfr;a" {dkh myjhkafka kdurEmh
myflfrhs" kdurEm myj hkafka i<dh;k my flfrhs" i<dh;k
myj hkafka iamY_h myflfrhs" iamY_h myj hkafka fokdj
myflfrhs" fokdj myj hkafka ;Kydj myflfrhs" ;Kydj
myj hkafka Wmdodkh myflfrhs" Wmdodkh myj hkafka Njh
myflfrhs" Njh myj hkafka cd;sh myflfrhs' cd;sh myj hkafka
crdurKh myflfrhs'
-Wmhk;s iq'ix'ks'2-186
f wkqj n,k l, mppiuqmmdo Ou_kHdhh c,fha fukau
ffp;isl Ou_hkaf.ao .,dhEug wod<jQ ika;;s ,CIKh f.kyer
46

olajkakls' jvh-ndh l%shdoduh c,fha muKla fkdj ixidr.;

mqoa.,hdf.ao m%jK;djls'3 fuu l%shdj,sh h:dN+; mu-we;af;a
we;s iefhkau- ms<s.ekSu" m%dff.;sydisl hq.hkays mgka idr
jYfhka 'wd;au jYfhka' i,ld Ou_ ijNdjh f;are lsug ;e;a
rE ij_i ^animistic) k;kh w;Hk;fhkau wNsNjd hk wJof
oY_khls' fuu oY_kfha W;a;;r Ndjh jvd;a biau;=j fmfkkqfha
u;a l%shd ud._hla Wmfhda.S lr .ekSfuka uq uy;a ixidr
meje;auu fl<jr l< yelsh hk ijNdjisoO ks.ukho ta ;=<
.e we;s fyhsks'
m%;sf,dau l%uhg uq,a;ek .%y lrf;d;a lsjhq;af;a ish
la fl<jr lsf wdOHd;al m%h;akh" ta ta m%;Hhkag imhd we;s
wdydr jckh lr m%;Hhka ydu;a lsf l%shdoduhla njhs'4
mppiuqmmdo Ou_fha w.fldgi jk m%;sf,dau l%uhg wkqj woHd
wx.hkaf.a l%l ksfrdaOh lafuka fmkakq lefrkqfha fuu
l%shdoduhhs' tfiao jqj;a" wd-miaig hdf nd-h ,CIKfhka hq;=
f l%shdj,shu wkqf,dau l%uhg f.k l=i,a is;a mrmrdjl m%.;shla
f,i ie,lSuo hql;shql; nj laug fmf<ys idOl we;'
''uyfKks" hfia l uqkl fmdo we;s jeiaila jiakd
l,ays ta h my;a wkqj .,d niskafka l nEjq" me<s jr yd
l=vd h w.,a mqrjdo" lnEjq" me<sjr iy l=vd h w.,a
msreKdyq l=vd j<j,a mqrj;ao" l=vdj<j,a msreKdyq uyj<j,a mqrj;ao"
uyj<j,a msreKdyq l=vd .x.d mqrj;ao" l=vd .x.d msreKdyq
uyd.x.d mqrj;ao" uyd.x.d msreKdyq uy iuqr mqrj;ao" tmoafokau"
uyfKks" ixialdrfhda woHdj weiqr fldg we;a;dy' {dkh
ixialdr weiqr fldg we;af;ah' kdurEmh {dkh weiqr fldg
we;af;ah' Ivdh;kh kdurEm weiqr fldg we;af;ah' iamY_h Ivdh;kh
weiqr fldg we;af;ah" fokdj iamY_h weiqr fldg we;af;ah" ;DIKdj
fokdj weiqr fldg we;af;ah" Wmdodkh ;DIKdj weiqr fldg
we;af;ah' Njh Wmdodkh weiqr fldg we;af;ah" cd;sh Njh weiqr
fldg we;af;ah" CLh cd;sh weiqr fldg we;af;ah" Y%oOdj #Lh
weiqr fldg we;af;ah' m%fudaoh Y%oOdj weiqr fldg we;af;ah" m%S;sh
m%fudaoh weiqr fldg we;af;ah" miioh m%S;sh weiqr fldg we;af;ah"
iqLh miioh weiqr fldg we;af;ah" iudh iqLh weiqr fldg
47

we;af;ah" h:dN+;{dk oY_kh iudh weiqr fldg we;af;ah' ksfoh

h:dN+;{dkoY_kh weiqr fldg we;af;ah' rd.h ksfoh weiqr
fldg we;af;ah' uql;sh rd.h weiqr fldg we;af;ah" wdY%jCIh
ms<sn| {dkh uql;sh weiqr fldg we;af;ah'
-Wmksid iq'ix'ks'2-50
'jvh-ndh' l%shdoduh fjkqjg by; lajQ iQ;%fha wmg
yuqjkafka mmQK_Fjh ke;fyd;a mdY=oh lrd wkql%ufhka bhg
fhduqlrjk wJof Ou_ mrmrdjls' Ou_hg .=Kmohla jYfhka
fhfok 'Tmkhsl' hkafkka m%lg lefrkqfhao Ou_hgu wdfKsljQ
f 'bhg muqKqjk' .=Khhs' r:kS; iQ;%d.; lka lv jk
r: fmf<ys Wmudj ^u'ks'I 368& fulS 'bhg muqKqjk .=Kh'
rEmld:_hlska oyd mdhs' t;ru rEmld:_j;a fkdfj;;a ta yd
iudkj is;aldjk m%ldYhlska f Ou_ ,CIKh bm;a flfrk
whqre my; i|yka nqoO jpkh ;=<ska lsh yelsh'
''uyfKks " fuf;ka tf;rg hdf mrud:_ i dOkfhys , d
Ou_fhdau Ou_hka ;=<g .,dfh;a' Ou_fhdau Ou_hka mmQK_ flfr;a5
wx'ks'6-6 msg
mppiuqmmdo Ou_ kshdu;dj ;:;djla yd bommpph;djla
f,i ie,lSu ;=<ska f.kyer lah yels mD:q,d:_j;a ifya;=l
ks.uk lsysmhla we;' m<uqfldgu fuu kshdu;dj ms<sn| wjfndaOh
hglajQ m f,dj mj;sk oDI jdohkays mg,efuka je<lS
is ug Wmldr jk wka o f ys ; lr jk oY_ k hla f.dvk.d
.ekSfuys,d bjy,a fjhs' ^n,kak 4 jk mfpoh& tmuKla
fkdj" we;=<; yd msg; we;s ik;;s ijNdjh f;are .ekSu {dk
ium%hql; WfmaCIdjlska hq;= m%nqoaO wdl,amhlg ;=vq fohs' ta wkqj
ixialdr Ou_hka wks;H jYfhka" ksiaidr jYfhka" Y+kH jYfhka"
wkd;u jYfhka fufkys lsug bv ie,fihs' l,ska ks;H jYfhka
ml,mkh l< fofhys yg.ekau yd f.hdu lSfuka th wks;H
nj jegfykag fjhs' tfy;a f ish,a,gu jvd flkl= ;=< mqudldr
k;k m,jhla yg.kajk ;;aFjdjfndaOh k f is;d.ekS
ke;fyd;a wd;ud:_ld ml,amk ^u[[kd& ksidu ukig wruqKqjk
foaj,a ^Ouud& mekk.sk njh' 'is;d .ekSu' hkq 'fohla' yehg
48

is;d .ekSuh' tfy;a ta is;d foh- 'is;dj'- ;sf.hs u hhk

<sf|ls' fjkiajk nj ^kdkdNdfjd& fhdajk nj ^kdNdfjd&
wkHdldrhlg m;ajk nj ^w[[:dNdfjd& wkuH wksjd kS;sh
fldg we;s f,djl ta 'is;d <s|dg' j;ah fkdyels fyhsks'
~h h whqrlska u[[kd lr;ao" thskau th wkH Ndjhlg
m;afjhs' thu tys uqidj fjhs' uq<dlrk iq <dul fohla jk
neks'~ 6
hk iq ^mf,dlOuux& 'fohla' u; me,mhug
;;kk wdFuixl,amho wkuH ksoh wks;H;d kS;shg hg;afuh'
fuu wjodku yuqf flkl= ;Kydfjka Wmdodk jYfhka w,a,df.k
'fjk;a - fohla' njg m;afjk kuq ta foho tlS f,dalkS;shg
,sfjhs'
'Njfhys wekdjQ wkHNdjhlg m;ajkiq f,dalhd Njhgu
.e;sjQfha Njfhysu ;=gqfjhs' hulg ;=gq fjhso" th wk;=rls' hulg
hfjhso th flls''7
; D IK d " u d k " o D I m % m x p h k a f . a n , m E u h g f ; a
bJshdkqidrfhka ,;a o;a;hka uuFjfhka .ekSfuka Njhla ujd
.ekSf l%shdoduh ixidr.; mqoa.,hdf.a uki ;=< ksrka;rfhkau
isjkakla nj fuhska fmkShhs'8 fulS uudhkh ';uuh;d' ^thskau
ksmka nj& hk mofhka lafjk w;r thg .e;sjQ ;eke;a;d ~;uufhd~
^thskau ksmkakd& hkqfjka yekafjhs' ufkdaf,dalh ;=< meje;aula
ujd .ekSf ksrk;r l%shdj,shg wh;a iEu uJodhqIl ;uuh;djlau
wks j dhfhka cd;s - crd-urK-fida l -mfoa j -CL-foda u kiiWmdhdihkaf.ka fl<jr jkakls' tneka mpp iuQmmdo Ou_h
kso olsk oY_kduh wjfndaOh uquy;a idxidl w;alS iNdrh
ms<sn| ;;aFjdjfndaOhlg h;=rla jekak' ta wkqj kEu flfkl=g
;u ixidr pl%fha ryi tys ks j<,a, jgd lrlefjk tla l=vd
; w;alS iq<shla ;=<skau u;=lr .ekSug yelsfjhs' ;u ixidr
meje;au kue;s Njkdglfha ~Ighdf.a p;h~ r mdkafka h<s
h<s;a Njhla ujk ^~fmdfkdNld~& ta ta ;ek fjfiiska ;=gqjk
^~;;% ;;%dNskJkS~& ;Kydju nj ka Tyqg ta;a;= hhs'
49

ld,h yd wjldYh mqrd b;sr me;sr we;s idxidl ;

rdYsh kue;s mD:Q, Ih fCIa;%h ;=< ;udf.a ixidr meje;au
ms<sn|-;h yd urKh ms<sn|- .eg iuqodh i|d .ekSug
fuf;la wid:_l m%h;akhla rE Tyq" ka tu iu ;u uki ;=<u
lrlefjk wld,sljQ ixidr hiq<sfhys .e ;sfnkq olshs' tfyhska
Tyqf.a ishu m%Yak ka fm< .eiS tkafka kej; kej;;a Njhla
ujdmdk fmdfkdNl ;Kydj m%ydKh lsf W;alDIg l;_jHh
foig fhduq flfrk wkaoks' ;DIKdj yg.ekSug fya;=jk m%;H
iuqodh u;=lr fuka mppiuQmmdo Ou_h wmf.a ixidr mqre ;=<
,e.f.k wkqYh jYfhka .eUqrgu ;ekam;a we;s f m%jK;dj
t;ekska mkakd f u;a Wml%uhla wmg fmkajd fohs'9 woHdjg
we;s ;ek oHdjg yslr hhq;=j we;' fjk;a jpkhlska lsjfyd;a"
mppiuqmmkk Ou_hka 'foaj,a ' yehg .ekSfuka tajd flfrys
wjOdkh fhduq ls f m% j K;dfjka u i|yd ta fjkq j g
mppiuqmmdo Ou_;dju fufkys lsf YsCIKhg is; k;= l<
hq;=f' mppiuqmmdo Ou_fha wx. fodf<diska tla tla wx.hlau
wks ppnj" ixL;nj" mppiuq mmkk nj" CIhhk" f.hk"
uelShk" ksreoOhk" ijNdjfhka hql;nj hg lshk ,' 'foaj,a'
fufkys lsu fjkqjg ta 'foaj,a' ms<sn| Ou_;dj fufkys lsf
ue ms<sfj; nqrcdKka jykafia iska fy<slr fok ,o ,_N
.Kfha ufkdafrda. ls;aid hla f,i yekah yelsh'
ta jkdys mppiuqmmkk Ou_" tajdfha fya;=j kso lSfukau
'uelS h dug'" 'ks r eoOhdug' ie,eia f l% s h dud._ h ls ' tneka
mppiuqmmdo Ou_h kue;s wd kHdhh oY_kd jYfhka lSu
hkafkka fya;+kaf.ka yg.;a Ou_hka ^fy;=mmNjd Ouud" ~fy;=
iuqmmkkd Ouud~&10 ms<sn| wjfndaOh fukau fya;=j ^fya;+& ms<sn|
wjfnda O h o woyia lefrhs ' 'fuh we;s l ,a y s fuh fjhs ' fuys
yg.ekSfuka fuh yg.kshs' fuh ke;sl,ays fuh fkdfjhs' fuys
ksreoOfuka fuh ksreoOfjhs~' hk uQ,Ou_h kso olsk oY_kdj
ojdoidx. mppiuqmmdo Ou_ rgdj ;=<g .eUqka .eUqrg fh;au
mdg fia hdula jeks '-rd.hla' isf' wkqf,dau- m%;sf,dau jYfhka
hk ,oaola fuka fmfkk mppiuqmmdo Ou_ rgdj ilia we;s
m%;H Ou_hkaf.a CIhu ta uska flfkl=g m%;HCI lr.; yelsfjhs'11

50

wks;H;d Ou_fhys i;H;dj fufia ijlZSh w;alS fldaj ;=<skau

mslaid ne,sh yelsfjhs' ta jkdys f,dalfha yg.ekSu yd f.hdu
;u wdh;k yh ;=<skau m%;HCIjk Yo mq, iduk; oY_khls'12
Wodk md<sfhys lafjk m nqrcdKka jykafia ifnda,dNfhka
wk;=reju mpp iuqmmdo Ou_h wkqf,dau jYfhkq;a" m%;sf,dau
jYfhkq;a" wkqf,dau m%;sf,dau jYfhkq;a" fufkys lsf woyi f
wkqidrfhka f;are .; yelsh' m%;H Ou_hkaf.a iuqoh yd ksfrdaOh
ms<sn| f kso hk oY_kh" taldk; wi;sFjh" taldk; kdi;sFjh"
talFjh" kdkFjh" wd wk;.d oDIjdo inJO lspPd r,k
uOHi: njlg muqKqjk w;r tys fkdr|d wksY%s; njg m;afjhs'
'fohla' f,i ml,amkh lsu" ks;s .ekSf mqreoao" f.hdfuka
;DIKdjg w,a,d .ekSug fohla ke;sfjhs' ;DIKdf fm<fuka
isjk ;uuh;dj fjkqjg ~;:;d~ kjQ Ou_kshdu;dj ms<sn| rd.S
wkqmiikdjlg is; keUqre fjhs' f ;; uql;sh yd iuu
wgf,da oyug wkqj mj;sk f,dalh flfrys olajk wdl,amh
';d;djla' -'w;uuh;djla' - njg m;afjhs' tjekafkla ~tfiajQ
flfkla' tfyjQ flfkla~ hk
wre;a we;s ~;d~" ~;dfid~ hk
Wmmoj,ska yekah hq;af;la fjhs'
mihy udrx wNsN=hH wk;lx
fhd p MqiS cd;slLhx mOdkjd
fid ;dfid f,dl iqfufOd
ifnniq Ofuuiq w;uufhd uqks
-wx'ks'1-270 msg
''udrhd ue" wk;lhd chf.k" W;alDIg h_j;a hfula
Wmf;a CIhu imY_lf<ao ta 'tfiajQ'" f,dalh o;a" keKj;a uqksjrhd
yeufohla ms<sn|ju" 'w;uuh' k jQ fkdwek ijNdjfhka hql;h'''
';d' mqoa.,hdf.a wdl,amh ;=< wp, ia:djr njla yd
iqLkuH Tfrd;a;= f yelshdjla widudkH f,i ixl,kh we;'
mqyqka mq+,d fuys mriamr frda njla olskafka Tyq ks;ru
ia:djr nj ms<sn| ixl,amh lsish oDI fldaKhla yd inJO
jQjla f,i ms<sf.k ;sfnk ksidh' oDI fldaKhla fkdue;s u"
ia:djrhla fkd.ekSula" pm, njla" f,i i,lk Tyq
oDIafldaKhlska f;dr ia:djr njla .ek is;d .ekSug mjd
wfmdfydi;a fjhs' tkuq;a nqrcdKka jykafia h:d;;aFjh thg
yd;amiskau fjkianj fy<sfldg jod<y'
51

^w& ksY%s;hdg ^hula u; r|d iskakdg& i,s;hla we;' wksY%s;hdg

i,s;hla fkdue;' i,s;hla ke;s ;ek ikaiqka njla we;' ikaiqka
njla we;s ;ek keUqreula ke;' keUqreula ke;s ;ek taula iy
hdula ke;' taula iy hdula ke;s ;ek pq;shla iy W;am;;shla
ke;' pq;shla iy W;am;;shla ke;s ;ek 'fuys;a' ke; 'tys;a' ke;
ta fol w;rl=;a ke;' fuhu flys fl<jrhs'
-Wod'Lq'ks1-294 u'ks'3-542 msg ix'ks'4-130
^wd& wksY%s;hd fkdief,hs' ksY%s;hd Wmdodk jYfhka w,ajd .kska
'fufia' njla yd 'wkafia' njla w;r we;s ixidrh fkdblaujhs'
ksY%h kue;s r|kd ;ekaj, we;s uy;a wk;=reodhl
nj kjQ f wdkjh k" wksY%s;j ^fkdr|d& wkqmdodkj ^w,ajd
fkdf.k& i;su;aj NsCIqj yeisfrkafkah'
-ojh;dkqmiikd iq'ks'234-5
by; lajQ k Wmudjg wkqj ^n,kak(6 jk mfpoh&
mqyqka mq=,d fidndoy kfha f.fhka .,dniakd c,myrg
yiqj ;u 'wd;auh' .idf.k hkq l is;g tk OuudruuKhka
'foaj,a' jYfhka w,a,d .ekSug fm<fUhs' f.fhka wehk ta is;s,s
Odrdfjys ;Kyd-udk-g jYfhka t,anf.k tys /isug Tyq
W;aidy orK kuq ta iEu m%h;akhlau ksIM, fjhs' wks;H;d
m%jdyfhka 'wd;auh' frd .ekSug orK ta yeu m%h;akhlau ksYa;
udkisl m%;sl%shd moO;shlska fl<jr f' ;u is;es wkqj f;dard
fjkalr.;a is;d foh wd;auh f,i ykd.;a fudfydf;a isg
^tk" u[[kdj& thska .s,syS hdu fyda pq;u ms<sn| h ;=<ska
pls;hla-p,s;hla-yg.kshs' 'k;s' kjQ keUqreu" meje;aug u
olajk wre;ska 'Njfk;;s' k jQ ;Kydfjka Wis.kajk ,j fkdo;a
wkd.;hla foig .= lefrk wJOhIhla jekak' 'tau' iy 'hdu'
hkq ';ud' f,i ykd .ekSf wkkH;d oDI fldaKhg idfmaCIj
.;a ixl,am folla muKs' ;udf.a j;_udk wkkH;dj;a u;=jg
,nd.; yels f,i ysk Nj ;;aFjh;a w;r inJO;djla f
whqka we;sjQ ksidu tys ksi._isoO m%;sM,hla jYfhka ksh;d:_j;a
pq;shla iy W;am;;shla ta wkqju we;sfjhs' ta yd iu.Zu idfmaCIl
m%{m;s ud._ jYfhka 'fuys'" 'tys' iy 'w;rueo' weoS tkq Ou_;djhs'
ixidr pl%fha ks j<,a, u; lrlefjk tla tla fudfyd;lg
52

iSudjQ cSjk w;aoelS kue;s wkqpl%dj,sh .ek i,ld nej;a"

ld,h yd wjldYh ;=< fmr<Shk uyd ixidr pl%h .ek i,ld
nej;a" f uq uy;a ls%hdoduh 'fufia njla' ^bF:Ndj& yd 'wkafia
njla' ^w[[:dNdj& w;r mj;akd fl<jrla ke;s udre /ila
muKs'13
hk mokulska hq;= ksY%hhka u; r|disf wjodk
nj olsk ;d mqoa.,hd lsisjla w,a,d fkd.kshs' lsisjl t,an
fkd.ks h s ' Tyq yeu i:djrhla u w;yer we;s w;r ^n,ka k (
ld<ldrdu iQ ; % h & ta w; yeu ;= < s k a u m fkdjk wJof
irFjhl mokula u;= lrf.k we;' Tyq kd.;a ;; uql;sh
wfldamH" .s,syS fkdhk tlla jkafka th ,dN-w,dN-whi-hiksJod- mixid-iqL-CL hk wgf,daoyu yuqf we,S^wkqfrdO&
.e^frdO& folska f;drj mj;sk neks' ^wx'ks'5-20 msg&
''weje;aks" fufia uekka uql;jQ is;a we;s uyKyg weiska
o;hq;= fndfyda rEm weia yuqjg t;;a Tyqf.a is; uevf.k fkdis'
Tyqf.a is; thska Y% fkdjQfha irj fkdief,k njg meKsfha
fjhs' tys f.hdu wkqmiikd jYfhka olskafkah' lKska o;hq;=
fndfyda Yo''''keyefhka o;hq;= fndfyda .|-iqj| '''' fjka o;hq;=
fndfyda ri''''''''''lhska o;hq;= fndfyda iamY_ l<hq;= foa''''''''' ukiska
o;hq;= fndfyda Ou_druuK uki yuqjg t;;a tajd Tyqf.a is;
uevf.k fkdis' Tyqf.a is; thska Y% fkdjQfha irj fkdief,k
njg meKsfha fjhs' tys f.hdu wkqmiikd jYfhka olshs''.
-wx'ks'5-456
ld<ldrdu iQ;%fha nqrcdKka jykafia ''uyfKks" fufia
;:d.; f;u gq" weiQ" kqk" k.;a" fofhys tfiajQ fiau tfiauh
h''
hkqfjka m%ldYlf<a uql; mqoa.,hdf.a f wkdY%j is; inJOfhks'
i:djrFjh ms<sn| ixl,amh idudkHfhka wkuH njla
yjk kuq tla;rd w:_hlska ;d mqoa.,hd ;=< iqLkuH;djla yd
Tfrd;a;= f Yla;shla we;ehs lsjyelsh' tlS .=Kx. folg ';d'
hk Wmmofhys .ej we;s w:_dk;rhka w;r jeo.;a ;ekla ,ef'
k Wmudj h<s bhg .;fyd;a lsjhq;= jkafka ;d mqoa.,hd tlS
53

f.fhka .,d niakd iev myka we;af;a wd;auh yd wd;auhg

ksY%hjYfhka .%yKh lr.;a foaj,ao w; yefukau njh' fuh
frdaOdNdihla f,i fmkSh;;a fuys Tyq l< tlu foh 'wd;au'
N%dk;sfhka i;H ;;aFjhg wkql+, uh' by; lajQ m ;u
wd;auh frd .ekSf wfhka .x bjqfrys yg.;a n, ;Kmre
wdfhys t,an .ekSug Tyq fm<UqfKa f m; yeSu ksidh'
meje;aula ms<sn| udkh ke;fyd;a 'Njh' yqfola f t,an .ekSfuysu
m%;sM,hls' 'Wmdodk mpphd Nfjd'. cd;s crd urK hk kq o
thgu idfmaCIj mej;=Ks' wks;H #L wkd;au hk ;%s,CIKfha
i;H;dj kso lSfuka ;d mqoa.,hd hglS kqj,u m%lg
ksoY_kjk wIgf,dalOu_hg wkqrEmj yev.eiS we;' wgf,daoyug
Tyq lmd fkdjkafka Njhg u. mdok ;Kydj Tyq iska uqukskau
lmd yer we;s neks' ^'WpPskkNjfk;;sfld'- n%yucd, iq''ks'1-80
''h ;ekl ishyqg u[[kd W;=rd hE fkdmj;So" u[[kd
W;=rd hE fkdmj;sk l,ays uqksjrhd Ydk; hhs lshkq ,ef'''
hkqfjka lshk ,' th l=ula i|yd lshk ,oo@ uyK" 'fj' hkq
is;d .ekauls'^u[[s;hls& 'f uu fj' hkq is;d .ekauls' 'jkafk'
hkq is;d .ekauls' 'fkdjkafk' hkq is;d .ekauls' 'rEmS jkafk'
hkq is;d .ekauls' 'wrEmS jkafk' hkq is;d .ekauls' 'i[[S
jkafk' hkq is;d .ekauls' 'wi[[S jkafk' hkq is;d .ekauls'
'fkj i[[Skdi[[Sjkafk' hkq is;d .ekauls' uyK" is;d.ekau
frda.hls' is;d.ekau .qjls' is;d.ekau lgqjls' uyK" ish
is;d.ekq blaufukau uqksjrhd Ydk; hhs lshkq ,ef' uyK"
Ydk;jQ uqksf;u kQm" fkdrhs' fkdfhhs' fldamH fkdfjhs'
fkdfjfyfihs" uyK" h lreKlska Wmo" tlreK Tyqg ke;'
kQmofka lsu rfkao@ fkdrkqfha lsu fhkafkao@ fkdhkqfha lsu
fldamHfo@ fldamH fkdjkafka l=ula fyhska fjfyfikafkao@
h ;ekl isfha u[[kd W;=rd hE fkdmj;So" u[[kd
W;=rd hE fkdmj;sk l,ays uqksjrhd Ydk; hhs lshkq ,ef'
hkqfjka hula lshk ,oo th fulreK i|yd lshk ,' '''
-Od;=NX. iq'u'ks'3-508

54

mdol igyka(

8'

1' ii|kak( 'h:dN+;[dKoiik' - we;s ie kqu yd l=u

2' f Ou_;dj jvd;a meye,sj ksIg iQ;% m%foaY ixhq;a isfha
ksodk ixhq;;fha .ym;sj..fha ths(
'buix i;s box fyd;s" buiiqmmdod box Wmmcc;s' wccdh
i;s ixLdrd fydk;s" ixLdfriq i;s [[dKx fyd;s''
- ix'ks'2-100 msg
fuh we;sl,ays fuh fjhs' fuh we;sfuka fuh we;s fjhs'
woHdj we;s l,ays ixialdrfhda fj;a' ixialdr we;s l,ays {dkh
fjhs- wd jYfhks'
3' 'l=f;d ird ksj;;k;s- lF: jggx k jgg;s
fld;ekska hje,a kj;S foda - hiq<s fldys fkdu lerflafoda
-ix'ks'1-30 msg
4' n,kak( ue isfha uyd;KydixLh iQ;%h - u'ks'1-610
5' ii|kak( ''''''' uyfKks" iuud gh we;a;dg iuud ixlmmh
we;sfjhs' iuud ixlmmh we;a;dg iuud jdpd we;sfjhs' iuud
jdpd we;a;dg iuud luuk;h we;sfjhs' iuud luuk;h we;a;dg
iuud wdjh we;sfjhs' iuud wdjh we;a;dg iuud jdhduh
we;sfjhs' iuud jdhduh we;a;dg iuud i;sh we;sfjhs' iuud
i;sh we;a;dg iuud iudh we;sfjhs' iuud iudh we;a;dg
iuud[dKh we;sfjhs' iuud[dKh we;a;dg iuud uq;;sh
we;sfjhs'''
-uydp;;dil iq'u'ks'3-218
6' fhk fhk ys u[[k;s - ;f;d ;x fyd;s w[[:d
;x ys ;ii uqid fyd;s - fudiOuux ys b;;rx
-iq'ks'.d'760
7' w[[:dNd Njif;;d f,dfld Njmfrf;d NjfujdNskJo;s
hoNskJo;s ;x Nhx - hii Ndh;s ;x CLx
-kJo j.. Wod' Lq'ks'1'192
55

uyfKks" jfrla uyjkfhys yeisfrkqfha hfia w;a;l t,an

.kSo" th uqod wksll t,an .kSo" th uqod wksll t,an.kSo"
tfihskau" uyfKks hula is; hhso" uki hhso" [[dKh
hhso lshkq ,efo th /fhyso oj,ayso wfkllau Wm wfkllau
ksreoOfjhs'
uyfKks" tys,d weiQ msrE ;eka we;s wd Y%djl f;f
mppiuqmmdohu ukdfldg kqjKska fufkys lrhs(
fuh we;sl,ays - fuh fjhs
fuh we;sfuka- fuh we;sfjhs'
fuh ke;sl,ays - fuh fkdfjhs
fuh ke;sfuka- fuh ke;sfjhs'
-tk" woHd m%;Hfhka ixialdrfhda fj;a'
ixialdr m%;Hfhka {dkh f''''''' fufia f la/fia yg.ekau
fjhs'
woHdjf.au ksrjfYaI rd.fhka ksreoOfuka ixialdr ksfrdaOh
f' ixialdr ksfrdaOfhka {dk ksfrdaOh f'''''''''''' fufia f yq
la/fia ksfrdaOh f'
-ix'ks' 2-148
9' fojk wdi;Hh jk 'CL iuqoh' we;efgl fl,skau ;Kydj
yehg;a" we;e fgl mpp iuqmmdo Ou_h" f,i;a ykajd
;su ie,lsh hq;= lreKls' ^ksoiqka ix'ks'2-16 wx'ks'1'316&
fuhska .uHjkqfha mppiuqmmdo Ou_h ;DIKdjf.a
nqomCIfha 'iyldrhd' jk woHdj olajd fjk m%;Hhiuqodh
fy<slr foka ;DIKdjg uQ,sl jQ fya;+ka meye,s lr fok Ou_hla
njhs'
10' fh Ouud fy;=mmNjd - f;ix fy;=x ;:d.f;d wdy
f;i[p fhd ksfrdfOd - tjxjd uydiufKd
-uyd'1 86
'fya;=jlska yg.;a h Ou_ fo" tajdfha fya;=j ;:d.;hka
jyka f ia jod<y' ta j dfha h ks f rda O hla fo ^tho jod<y&
uydY%uKhka jykafia fujeks b.ekaula lrk flfkls''
wii ijdka j yka f ia is k a nq rcdKka jyka f ia f .a
b.ekaj, w:_idrh imsKvkh fldg Wm;sii mn%dclhd ^tk"
miqlf,l w.%Yd% jl m%{dfjka w.;ekam;a idmq;; uyry;ka jykafia&
56

fj; bm;a l< f .d:dj fuys,d ie,lsh hq;= fjhs' Wm;sii iy

flda,s; ^tk" miqlf,l w.%Y%djl uyd fud..,,dk uy ry;ka
jykafia& hk fofokdu f .d:d Ou_h weiSfuka fidajkaM,h
,nd.;af;a 'rcx ;u,x OuuCLqx Womd' hkqfjka yekafjk
flf,ia ,s" flf,ia u," rys; oy wei my<u ^tk" mpp
iuqmmdo Ou_h lSu& tmuKlskau Tjqka ;=< isjQ neks'
OuumogGl:djg wkqj ^w..idjljF:q& hglS .d:dj weiSug
fmrd;=ju Wm;sii flda,s; fofokd ;uka krUka is '.sr..iucc'
k jQ iJoY_khla ;=<ska iir l,lsug fya;=jk lsish ys;lr
udkisl ma,jhla w;al ;snqKs' {dk uela laf fldj
msgqmi jev lg,h ms<sn|j jQ f uQ,sl kso lau nqrcdKka
jykafiaf.a oy mKsvh ms<s.ekSug W; udkisl jd;djrKhla
Tjqka ;=< ilia lrkag we;ehs lsjyelsh'
11'

Ouud
n%dyuKii
innd
wfj
-Wod'Lq'ks'1'132
h fgl flf,ia ;jk fhka OHdk jvka k djQ
n%dyuKhdyg Ou_fhda my<fj;ao" tg Tyqf.a ish iel rejfha"
ulaksido h;a Tyq m%;Hhkaf.a CIhu wjfndaO lr.;a neks'
12'

hod yfj md;=Njk;s

wd;dmsfkd COdhf;d
w:ii lXLd jmhk;s
hf;d Lhx mpphdkx

Piq f,dfld iuqmmfkkd

Piq l=nn;s iJ:jx
Pkkfuj Wmdodh
Piq f,dfld y[[;s

13'
fulS uQ,Ou_h ;h yd urKh ms<sn| m%Yakh i|d
.ekSug m%dfhda.sl jYfhka Wmldr lr.;a wji:djla Pfkkdjdo
iQ;%fha ths' ^u'ks'3'542' ix'ks'4-130&fuys i|yka wJoug f,i
frda.d;=rj ish kid .ekSug is;ka is Pkk ijdka jykafiag
uydpqJo ijdka jykafia nqoO foaYkdfjys tk rd.hg ;=vq fok
fuu foaYkdfldgi ^tk by; Wmqgd lajQ foh& fufkys lrk
fuka Wmfoia kay' Pkk f;reka jykafia iehq;a ijdka jykafiag
ksiel jYfhka m%ldY l< m ta jk g;a Wkajykafiaf.a rd.S
nj Wiia ugulg m;a ;snqKs' ydkslr fkd.kakd fuka
iehq;a ijdka jykafia l< we,so fkd;ld Wkajykafia ish
ke;slr.;a kuq urKhg fmr wyFjh ,nd.ekSu fya;= fldgf.k
nqrcdKka jykafia Wkajykafiaf.a tu l%shdj ksrjoH hhs m%ldY
l<y' jHjydr nqohg wkqj .%y lrf;d;a l:dmqjf;ys ma,h
m;njla we;' f l:d mqj; Ou_fhys b;du;au ishq ;ekla
flfrys wm wjOdkh fhduqlrjkakla nj fmfka' tfy;a hglS
foaYkd mdGfha .eUqre odY_ksl w:_iuqodh ksis f,i w.h lr;fyd;a
f l:dmqj; hg;a msfihska t;ru m; fkdjkakla f,i
flfkl=g jegyShdug bv ;sf' ulaksido h;a" udrhdf.a .%yKfhka
hdug l< ,_N .Kfha wjidk m%h;akhlska Pkk ijdka
jyka f ia urKhg hg;a j
jQ f,ila fmfk;;a we;a ; jYfhka u
ch.;a neks'
Wkajykafia udrhd hgm;a fldg urKh ch.;

-ix'ks'1'76

yfhys f,dj
Wmfka
yfhysu weiqr
fidhfka
yh f,i
f.fka
yfhysuh f,dj fjfyifka

57

58

9' ixl,amhkaf.a idrh

[[dK ccd lau ;=< ixl,amhkaf.a rmEu m%Odk
;ekla .kshs' tajdfha n,mEu flf;la mD:q,o h;a i;H.fIS
ka;lhd mjd ;u .fIKfhys,d ixl,am m%udK lr.; fkdyels
nj k k;a uqukskau tajdhska w;a isug wfmdfydi;a fjhs'
udkisl ;h ;=< flfrk iEu .kqfokqjlu ixl,am j,x.=
ldis fuka Nd;d lefrhs' i;H .fIlhdg tajdfha m%Njh .ek
iel we;s h yelsh' tkuq;a wleue;af;ka jqjo tajdfha m%dfhda.sl
w.h ms<s.ekSug Tyqg isf'
hg lajQ m mppiuqmmdo Ou_h iy mppiuqmmkk Ou_
w;r fjki meye,s lrfuka nqrcdKka jykafia ixl,am ms<sn|
m%Yakh iug ue ms<sfj;la bm;a l<y' m%;S;Hiuq;mkk Ou_
jYfhka .;a l, ixl,am m%;S;H iuq;mdo Ou_;djgu ksoY_k jk
neka tajdfha m%dfhda.sl jkdlu thskau ms<s.efkhs' tfiao jqj;a
w;HjYHj we;af;a tlS Ou_;dj oiqka weiska kso lSu nj nqka
jykafia fmkajd kay' Ou_;dj mmQK_ jYfhka 'ks-oY_kh' lsfuka
;u ld Ndrh bgq l< ixl,mfhda tu oY_kduh m%{d m%Ndj
;=<u 'ksIm%Nd' h hq;= fj;a'
ixl,am u.ska bgqlr.; yels Wiia mrud:_hla we;ehs
ms<s.ekSu ixl,amh uql;s idOkfhys mqfrda.dhl= njg m;alrk
mj;_kdFul oDIfldaKhls' ta jkdys wk;.djQ wdOdk.%dyS
wdl,amh;a wf{hjd wdl,amh;a YsIg f,i blaujd hk b
ms h jrls ' nq oyfuys tk 'Ouu' hk jpkh 'foh' 'ixis oh'
'ukdruuKh' 'ixl,amh'" 'foaYkdj' wd Od:_ okjk mohla
we;af;ao tksiduh' ixl,amfhys j t,an .ekSfukao" thska ''we
frd .ekSug'' ,Sfukao je<lS nqrcdKka jykafia tys h:d:_h
.eUqka kso l" i;Hh yd uql;sh fidhd hkakl= iska
id:_l f,i Wmfhda.S lr.; yels h h .=K fYaIhka ta ;=<ska
biau;= lr lajQy' tla wji:djl Wkajykafia yeu fohlu yg.ekau"
meje;au yd mrud:_h ms<sn|j wkH;S:_l mn%dclhska iska kesh
yels m%Yak ud,djlg ms<s;=re h hq;= wdldrh .ek NsCIQka jykafia,dg
l,a ;ndu Wmfoia jod<y'
59

''bka" uyfKks" wkH;S:_l mn%dclfhda fufia m%Yak lr;a

k(
'weje;aks" yeu fohlu uq, l=ulao@
yeu fohlu yg.ekau fld;eko@
yeu fohlau mekkskafka fld;ekskao@
yeu fohlau fhduq we;af;a fld;ekgo@
yeu fohlgu m%uqL jkafka l=ulao@
yeu fohlgu wm;s jkafka l=ulao@
yeu fohlskau t;ru fld;eko@
yeu fohlu yrh l=ulao@
yeu fohlau .,d niskafka fld;ekgo@
yeu fohlu wjidkh l=ulao@
uyfKks" fufia m%Yak lrkq ,enQ kqU,d ta wkH;S:_l mn%dclhskag
f whqka ms<s;=re fo'
'weje;aks" yeu fohlu uq, PJohhs'
yeu fohlu yg.ekau fufkys lsuhs'
yeu fohlau mekk.sk ;ek iamY_hhs'
yeu fohlau fhduq we;af;a fokdjghs'
yeu fohlgu m%uqL jkafka iudhhs'
yeu fohlgu wm;sjkafka i;shhs
yeu fohlskau t;rjk ;ek m%{djhs'
yeu fohlu idrh uql;shhs'
yeu fohlau .,d niskafka wuD;Fjhghs'
yeu fohlu wjidkh ksjkhs'
uyfKks" fufia m%Yak lrkq ,enQ kqU,d ta wkH;S:_l
mn%dclhskag f whqka ms<s;=re fo'''
-wx'ks'6'190
fuys nqrcdKka jykafia 'Ouu' hk Od:_ okjk moh
fhdodf.k we;s w;r iJoN_hg wkqj m%dfhda.slj .;a l, th
'foaj,a' hkqfjka mj;_kh l< yelsh' tkuq;a thska woyia lefrkqfha
is;s,s yd ixl,am nj my; lafjk m%Yafkda;;r ud,dfjka meye,sj
fmkS hhs' f m%Yafkda;;r ud,fjka ksrEmkh jkafka by; lajQ
nqoO foaYkdj ms<sn|j io ijdka jykafiaf.a wjfndaO ugu
mslaid ne,Sug idmq;; ijdka jykafia rE m%h;akhls'
60

''io" l=ula wruqKq lrf.ko mqreIhl=g ixl,am ;l

we;sjkafka@''
''ijdks" kdurEmh wruqKq lrf.kh'''
''io" tajd fld;ekl kdkFjhg fhhso@''
''ijdks" Od;+kaysh"''1
''io" tajd fld;ekskao mekk.skafka@''
''ijdks" tajd iamY_fhka mekk.S'''
''io" tajd fld;eklg fhduq ;sfo@''
''ijdks" tajd fhduq we;af;a fokdjgh'''
''io" taajdg m%uqLjkafka l=ulao@'''
''ijdks" tajdg m%uqLjkafka iudhhs'''
''io" tajdg wm;s jkafka l=ulao@''
''ijdks" tajdg wm;s jkafka i;shhs'''
''io" tajdhska t;ru l=ulao@''
''ijdks" tajdhska t;ru m%{djhs'''
''io" tajdfha idrh l=ulao@''
''ijdks" tajdfha idrh uql;shhs'''
''io" tajd .s,Shkafka fld;eko@''
''ijdks" tajd .s,Shkafka wuD;Fjfhysh'''
-wx'ks'5-422
'foaj,a' yg .kakd ;ek inJOfhka nqrcdKka jykafia
jod< jrKh ;=<ska tajdfha ixiso ijNdjh myiqfjkau .uHudk
f' Ouumofha wdrNl .d:d hq.,fhka m%ldYs; m 'yeu fohlau
uki fmrgq lrf.k we;' uki tajdg m%Odkh" tajd ukiskau
ygf.k we;''2 yeu fohlgu uq,ajkafka PJoh nj;a ^PJo& fufkys
lsu ^ukisldr& tajdfha yg.ekau nj;a" iamY_fhka ^Mii& tajd
mekksk nj;a nqrcdKka jykafia m%ldYlrk g wruqKg
uQK,d.;a f,daloY_khla we;s mqyqka mq=,d ta nqoOjpkh ksisf,i
we.ehSug ue,s h yelsh' ;u wdYdjka ndysr f,dalhg wdfrdamKh
lr wruqKq ;kd.;a mD:.ackhd fldf;la rg ;ud ms<n
s | h:d;;aFjh
wu;l lr weoahs lsjfyd;a" Tyq jpkh yd w:_h Yaj ksu_d;D
mdj;S-mrfYjr hqj< fuka ikd;k ixfhda.hlehs Yajdi lsug
mjd fm<fUhs ' 3 tfia o jq j ;a ixl,a m fhys m% N jh ms < s n |j
61

fhdaksfidaukisldr jYfhka kqjKska fufkys lsf fy<sjkqfha

jpkhl w:_h - tys miudm; w:_fhkau .;al,- mj;skqfha
ishu wdYd" kEl" wjYH;d" mrud:_" wr we mekksk
ffp;isl uQ,fya;+ka wdY%s;j njhs' ^3 jk mfpoh n,kak& ixl,amh"
;l_fhka ;,d Tmug l< ^;llmhdy;& iqfYaI w:_iuqodhhla
iys;j iu; iuq;s ijrEmhlska t<solskafka udkj ixy;sh
udkjdNsudkhlska Woj ijlSh j._hdf.a kE tmdl bgqlr
.ekSug orK m%h;akh ;=<sks' th 'ksImd; NdKavhla' f,i t<sgq
miq tys lD;%su ilial< ^ixL;& ijNdjh flfkl=g myiqfjkau
wu;l f' fhdaksfidaukisldrfhys lD;Hh jkqfha tys lD;%su ixL;
ijNdjh h<s;a fy<slruuh' ixl,amh ysjk ;eku 'PJoh' th
'fohla' f,i fjka lr fok w;r 'ukisldr' wdf,dalOdrdj ta foh
Woamkh lrhs' 'Mii' fyj;a iamY_h tys iSudjka yd m;sh
;SrKh lrhs'
ixl,am ixfla;j;a jkafka h muKgo" tmuKgu tajd
fokdj foigu fhduq we;ehs lsjyelsh' uq l;sodhl
oDIfldaKfhka n,kg" m%uqLFjh f.k ixl,amhg fmru. olajk
iudh;a" wm;sj tys,d yiqrejk i;sh;a ys;lr .=Kdx. f,i
ie,lsh yelsh' tfy;a mQK_ mj;_khla we;slrjk iJi:dkh
m%{djhs' fuys ixl,am iu;sl%uKhla-ixl,amj,ska t;rulaisjkafka we;su yd ke;shdu olakd m%{dj ^WohF:.dkS m[[d&
f 'j,x.= ldisj,' fome;a; CIKslj ;SCIKj kso lSfuks'
fufia hmeyeo flfrk 'ixl,am ldis' tajdfha idrh f,i uqla;sh
u;=lr foka wuD;Fjfhys .e,S ksjkska ksIGm%dm;f' ^rEm igyk
n,kak&
PJo i s l d r
ukii okd
M fj d
i u;s
i

m[[d

62

ks
nd
wu n
u ; k
q;;
s

ixl,amhkaf.au iu;sl%uKhg ;=vqfok whqka m%{d Ndjkdj

kue;s W;a;;r mrud:_h Wfoid ixl,am ixOdkh lsfuys,d
nqkajykafia ,_N .Kfha ue ms<sfj;la fhdod .;ay' ixidrh
kue;s f m; meje;au ujdmdk ixl,am" bJsh Ou_ jehqKq
lr .ekSu i|yd Wmfhda.S lr.kakd kuq;a" tfia lefrkqfha tajdfha
wdkj mCIho isys.kajk wkaoks' fuhg lu ksoiqkla i;smgGdk
iQ;%fhka f.kyer lah yelsh' tys tla tla Ndjkd hla
bm;a lrk mj_hla ^fldgila& wjika jkafka taldldr fohlsks'
yq jdpH:_h wkqj hdfuka Ndjkd ukisldr h ms<sn|j fndfyda
g jer ks.uk .ekSug bv we;s neka th je<elaug tu foh
Wmld fjhs' fuys WodyrKhla jYfhka bhdm: mnnh f.kyer
lah yelsh'
''kej;o" uyfKks" uyKf;u hkafka fyda fhhs kqjKska
k.kshs' isfha fyda isfhhs kqjKska k.kshs' yqkafka fyda
yqkafkhs kqjKska k.kshs' ihkh lrkafka fyda ihkh lrhs
kqjKska k.kshs' h h whqrlska Tyqf.a lh msysfha fo ta ta
whqka kqjKska k.kshs'
fufia we;=<; lfhys fyda lh wkqj n,kafklaj jdih
lrhs' msg; lfhys fyda lh wkqj n,kafklaj jdih lrhs' we;=<;
yd msg; lfhys fyda lh wkqj n,kafklaj jdih lrhs' lfhys
we;sjk ijNdjh wkqj fyda n,kafklaj jdih lrhs' lfhys f.hk
ijNdjh wkqj fyda n,kafklaj jdih lrhs' lfhys we;sjk yd
f.hk ijNdjh wkqj fyda n,kafklaj jdih lrhs' lhla we;
hk isysh fyda Tyq fj; t<U isfha yqfola {dkh yd isysh mj;ajd
.ekSu i|ydh' fya fkdwefklaj fjfihs' f,dj lsisjla w,ajd
fkd.kshs' ''
-i;smgGdk iQ;%h"u'ks'I-136
'fh', 'isfh', 'yqkafk', 'ihkh lr'" hk mo yq
jpkd:_hgu .e;sj f;are .ekSfuka fkdu hd yels oDI.;slhd;a
;Kvjdhd;a hg lajQ m%dfhda.sl bs flfrys fYaI wjOdkh
fhduq l< hq;= f' W;;u mqreI l%shdmofhka yefk 'uu' wksis
f,i wjOdrKh lsu oDI.;slhdf.a wd;u ixl,amhg rel=,la
63

h yelsh' tfukau ieluqiq ne,aula we;s ;Kvjdhl= fuys

wkd;u oYkh ms<sn| b.eka yd mriamr frda njla fmkajd
ug blauka h yelsh' tkuq;a ldhdkqmiikd i;smgGdkh lsisfia;a
lh ms < s n | uuFjhla ;yjq r e lrka k la fkdf' m% : ufhka u "
i;smgGdkh ;udf.a lh foig fukau wkqkaf.a lh foigo fhduqlr
mqre lsu f Ndjkdjg wod< uQ,Ou_fha YjidOdrK nj ta;a;=
.ekaf l%uhls' tuska fhda.djprhdf.a is; uuFjh ;=<u fldgq
isf m%jK;dj relefrhs' fojkqj" lfhys yg.ekS ijNdjh
wkqj ne,Su" f.hk ijNdjh wkqj ne,Su iy yg.ekS- f.hd
ijNdjh wkqj ne,Su" lfhys idrhla we; hk yeSu relsug
Wmld f' tfukau ta wkqmiikd lh ms<sn| ixl,amh
wjidkfha m%{dfjka kso l .ekSug is; iQodk lrhs' f;jkqj"
'lhla we;' hk kqj;a nj mjd yqfola mrud:_ idOl Wmdh
ud._hla muKla nj;a" thska wfmaCIs; w:_h [dKh yd i;sh
uqjy;a lsu nj;a wjOdrKh lefrk wji:dfjda; Wmfoi" ksoY_k
;=<ska uQ, isoOdk;h u;=lr .ekSu .ek fkdokakjqkag t,a, l<
wjjdohla jekak' jpkfhys miudm; w:_fhkau m%;smodj wkqj
yslafuk NsCIqj jkdys lsisjl fkdwe,S fjfik" f,dj lsisjl t,an
fkd.kakd flfkls' ^wksiisf;dp yr;s k p ls[ f,dfl Wmdh;s&
W;a l DIg mrud:_ h la b,la l h jYfhka we;s j ixl,a m
Wmfhda.S lr.kakd yeu ;eklu ixl,amfhys m%;S;Hiuq;mkk
ijNdjh .ek ks;r i;su;aj isu wjidkfha myiqfjkau thska
is; uqod.ekSug Wmld fjhs' ridhksl ixfhda.hlg Wo wjik
bka bj;ajk W;afm%arlhla (catalyst) fuks' ixl,amh f,dalhdf.a
tla;rd '.sKSula' ^ixLd& muKla nj lsisfgl wu;l fkdlefrk
w;r tys ilialrk ,o iajNdjh ^'ixL;' nj& ks;r .%y fldg
olajd we;' m%ia;=; ixl,amh 'f.hla' fyda fjd 'lhla' fyda fjd
f rd.S wdl,amh ta fol w;r fjkila fkdolS' ''hfia" weje;aks"
,So" je,ao" ;Ko" ueo ksid wjldYh wjqrk ,fha f.hlehs
.sKSug fhao" tfiau" weje;aks" wego" kyro" uiao" iuo ksid
wjldYh wjqrk ,fha 'rEmhle'hs .sKSug fha ^uydyFmfodmu
iq' u'ks' I- 458
ldhdkq m iikdfjys muKla fkdj" fokdkq m iikd"
;;dkqmiikd" Ouudkqmiikd hk wfkla wkqmiikd ;=fkyso
64

hglS m%dfhda.sl Wmfoiau ms<smeh hq;= nj u;la lr we;' f

wkqmiikd ;=fkyso 'fokd we;'' 'is;la we;'' '^ukig wruqKqjk&
Ou_ we;'' hk isysh fhda.djprhd msysgqjd .kafka yqfola ;u
[dKh yd i;sh jeu msKsih hkqfjka i|yka fuka meye,s
jkafka nqrcdKka jykafia ta ish,a, mrud:_ jYfhka we;ehs .kakd
i;aNdjjdhd kau rel< njh' nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a ixisojd
wdl,amhg wkqj Odldr fokd yd ;; ;;aFj muKla fkdj
Ouudkqmiikd fldgfiys ix.DyS;jQ Ou_ fldgGdi moO;sh ;=<o
t,an .; hq;= wJof lsisjla fkdue;'4 ta yeu 'fohlau' ixl,am
hk moh hgf;a ix.%y l< yelsjk w;r thskau tajdfha ixL;
iajNdjh-iuqoh"jh Ou_;dj ms<s.;a;d fjhs'
''weje;aks" wei we;s l,ays" rEmh we;s l,ays" pCLq [[dKh
we;s l,ays" hfula Mii m[[;;shla ^iamY_h hk meKula&
mKjd,kafkah hk fujekaklg bvla we;' 'Mii' hk meKu
we;s l,ays 'fokd' hk meKula mKjd ,kafkah hk fujekaklg
bvla we;' fokd hk meKu we;sl,ays 'i[[d' hk meKula
mKjd ,kafkah hk fujekaklg bvla we;' 'i[[d' hk meKu
we;s l,ays ';ll' hk meKula mKjd,kafkah hk fujekaklg
bvla we;' ';ll' hk meKu we;s l,ays mm[p i[[dfjka l<
.sKS j,g hgu hk meKula ^mm[pi[[dixLdiuqodprK
m[[;;s& mKjd ,kafkah hk fujekaklg bvla we;' weje;aks"
lK we;s l,ays Yoh we;s l,ays fid;[[dKh we;s l,ays''''''''
keyeh we;s l,ays .|-iqj| we;s l,ays >dk [[dKh we;s l,ays'''''
j we;s l,ays rih we;s l,ays jyd [[dKh we;s l,ays ''''' lh
we;s l,ays fMdgGnnh we;s l,ays ldh [[dKh we;s l,ays'''''''
uki we;s l,ays Ou_ we;s l,ays ufkd [[dKh we;s l,ays ''''
mm[pd i[[dfjka l< .s K S j,g hgu hk meKula
mKjd,kafkah hk fujekaklg bvla we;'

fujekaklg bvla ke;' i[[d hk meKu ke;s l,ays ;ll

hk meKula mKjd ,kafkah hk fujekaklg bvla ke;' ;ll
hk meKu ke;sl,ays mm[pi[[dfjka l< .sKSj,g hgu
hk meKula mKjd ,kafkah hk fujekaklg bvla ke;' weje;aks"
lK ke;s l,ays Yoh ke;s l,ays >dk[[dKh ke;s l,ays''''''
keyeh ke;s l,ays .|-iqj|-ke;s l,ays fid;[[dKh ke;s l,ays"'''''
j ke;sl,ays ri ke;s l,ays jyd [[dKh ke;s l,ays''''' lh
ke;s l,ays fMdgGnnh ke;s l,ays ldh[[dKh ke;s l,ays'''''''''''
uki ke;s l,ays Ou_ ke;sl,ays ufkd[[dKh ke;s l,ays '''''
mm[pi[[dfjka l< .sKSj,g hgu hk meKula mKjd
,kafkah hk fujekaklg bvla ke;'
-uOqmsKl iq'u'ks'I 280
wm b;du;au fm!o.,sl yehg i,lk iamY_h yd fokdj
mjd fn!oO ufkdaoHdj ;=< m%{m;s f,i .sKSu wreuhla fia fmkS
hd yelsh' th wm ;;ik;dkfha wka whg Wreu l lsjfkdyels
.=m; n,fldgq ;=<g 'm%{m;sh' lvd jeula f,i we;eg yefkq
we;' tfy;a f tjekakla fkdf' ulaksido h;a" ukfia isjk
wdjc_k lD;Hfha iamY_ yd fokd" wkqYh Ou_ ^tk" WmdodkialJO&
j,g wkqj .sKS" we.ehS" yeka" meK /ilg Ndckh jk
neks'5 f Ou_ bfu my<jk foa yehg ie,lSug wm mqrej
ish;a tfia .ekSu idOdrK fkdjk nj fuhska fmfka' fjk;a
jpkj,ska lsjfyd;a bf my<jQ yehg wm idudkHfhka ysk foa
mjd lD;%su" ilialrk ,o ^ixL;& tajd nj wka;sf fy<sjk
ksidh'

weje;aks" wei ke;s l,ays" rEm ke;s l,ays" pCLq [[dKh

ke;s l,ays hfula 'Mii' hk meKula mKjd ,kafkah hk
fujekaklg bvla ke;' 'Mii' hk meKu ke;sl,ays fokd hk
meKula mKjd ,kafkah hk fujekaaklg bvla ke;' fokdj
hk meKu ke;s l,ays i[[d hk meKu;a mKjd,kafkah hk

i;r i;smgGdkfha i;sh msysgd isk ^mgGdk& ixl,am

;=< i;a mod:_ jYfhka .; yels lsis idrhla fkdue;' uq uy;a
i;smgGdk wdlD;shu i;sh yd [dKh jehqKq lr.ekSu msKsi
Wmfhda.S lr.; hq;= 'oe,a iels,a,la' muKs' th yqfola bka Tng
l .ekSu i|ydu ;ekqk ,la jekak' tneka h wji:djl
kso olakd m%{dj mmQK_Fjhg m;ajQfhao" tg [[dK f,ys
fkdwe,S fkdne isjq/ia oe,aweia ;=<ska oY_kh wE;ska wE;g ys
hhs '

65

66

''uyfKks" i;smgGdk i;frys mek ke.Su ^iuqoh& yd

neihdu ^wF:.u& foaYkd lr' th wi' fydka fufkys lr'
lshkafk'''
''tfiah" ijdka jykaiehs ta NsCIQyq ms<sjoka kay' Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafia fuh jod<y'
''l=ulao uyfKks" lfhys mekke.Su@ wdydr mek ke.Sfuka
lfhys mek ke.Su f' wdydr ke;s hdfuka ^ksfrdOd& lfhys
neihdu f'
''iamY_hkaf.a mekke.Sfuka fokdjkaf.a mek ke.Su f'
iamY_hkaf.a ke;shdfuka fokdjkaf.a neihdu f'
kdurEmfha mekke.Sfuka isf;ys mekke.Su f' kdurEmh
ke;s hdfuka isf;ys neihdu f'
fufkys lsu mekke.Sfuka Ou_druuKhkaf.a mek ke.Su
f' fufkys lsu ke;shdfuka Ou_druuKhkaf.a neihdu f'
-iuqoh iq'ix'ks'5^I)330
f mfpoh wdrNfha Wmq g d la j Q kq u ms la i S f
m%Yafkda;;r ud,dfjka fy<sjk whqre ixl,am ;l yg.ekSug
wruqKq jkafka kdu rEmhhs' by; wji:djl ia;r lrk ,o
hiq<s .egqf [[dKfha m%;su,a,jhd jYfhka iskafkao f
mD:q,d:_j;a mohhs' ^miajk mfpoh n,kak'& kdurEmh fndfydag
'we;=u' fyda ',l neu' hk woyi weiqrefldg .ekSu;a" 'fudayh'
,la jYfhkau ykajd ;su;a fuys ie,lsh hq;=f'
1'

wk;;ks w;;udksx
mii f,dlx ifojlx
ksgGx kdurEmix
box ippk;s u[[;s
-ojh;dkqmiikdiq'ks'.d'759

67

'wd;auhla ke;s ;ekl wd;auhla we; hk udkh we;s

fohka iys; f,dalhd foi n,j' kdurEmh ;=<g jeof.k 'fuh
i;Hh hhs' yshs''
2'

fldOx cfy mmcfyhH udkx

if[[dckx innu;sllfuhH
;x kdurEmix wicPudkx
wls[pkx kdkqm;k;s CLd
-fldOj.. O'm'.d'221
fl%daOh yer,kafkah" udkh r,kafkah' yels,s ne ish,a,u
blaujkafkah' kdurEmfhys fkd,ef.k iq" lsisjlau wh;a ke;s
Tyq u; la lvd fkdjef'
3'

kF
kF
kF
kF

rd.ifud w..s
fodi ifud .fyd
fudyiux cd,x
;Kydiud k
-u,j.."O'm'.d'251
rd.h yd iudk .skakla ke;' oafIh yd iudk .%yKhla
ke;' fudayh yd iudk ,la ke;' ;Kydj yd iudk khla
ke;'
iq;; ksmd;fha jX.Si iQ;%fha ksf.%daOlmm ijdka jykafia
'udhdldr udrhd j fy<d ," lmd uQ nj lshef' ^wpPsod
uppqfkd cd,x -;;x udhdfkd o<yx'- iq'ks'.d'359& fuys lshejqk
',' ;Kydj yehg wgqjdj ykajd fokafka we;eg 357 fjks
.d:df ;Kydj .ek lrk ,o i|yk idOl lrf.k h yelsh'
'wfpPpPs ;Kyx bO kdurEfm
lKyii fid;x >r;;dkqihs;x'
-iq'ks'.d'357
f kdurEmh ms<sn|j .= l,la wkqih jYfhka ,e. is
;Kydj- tk" 'lMjdf.a6 ^udrhdf.a& hmyr lmdyefhah''
wgqjd u;h flfia fj;;a fuys lshejqkq udrhdf.a ,
kdurEmh f,i .ekSu jvd ifya;=lh' hg lajQ Ouumo .d:dfjys
68

fudayh ,lg Wmud lr we;' tmuKla fkdj .;s ,CIKhlska

hq ; = ;Kydj inJOfhka ^by; la j Q .d:d foflys fuka &
idudkHfhka olajkq ,nk rEmlh kh ^k& fyda hmyrh'
^fid;&'
;Kydj fya ; = f ldg f.k [[dKh tys wruq K jk
kdurEmfhys ,l nef|kakdla fuka ne we;' bJshdkqidrfhka
,;a w;alS u; mok jQ ishu oDIjdo fl;r ;l_dkql+, jqjo
tajd yqfola ,aweia wjqrd,k ul=,a jekak' tneka oDI.;sl
odY_kslhd ;u oDIfldaKh ;=<ska hd.;a oDIjdofhys t,an f.k
''oks" ols" th tfiauh'' hs uqr.d lshkg ^ld<ldrdu iQ;%
.%yh n,kaak& Tyq olskafka kdurEm , muKlau nj nqrcdKka
jykafia jod<y'
cdkd miid ;f:j t;x
ghd tfl mfppkkss iqox
wooC fp lsxys ;=uii f;k
w;sisFjd wf[[k jok;s iqox
-uydhQy iq'ks'.d'912
'oks" ols" th tfiauh'hs we;efula oDIfhka Y=oh ,nd
.ekSula .ek lshdmd;s' bka Tyq gqfha k Tyqg bka we;s M,h
lso@ ksisu. blaujd Tjqyq wksllska Y=oh ,nd.ekSula .ek
lshdmd;s''
miix kfrd ol;s kdurEmx
ijdk jd [ii;s ;dksfuj
ldux nyqx mii;= wmmlx jd
k ys f;k iqox l=i,d jok;s
-tu'.d'913
olskakdjQ ksfila olskafka kdurEmhuh' l k.kafkao
tajduh' fya fndfyda jQ fohla fyda olSjd" w,amjQ fohla fyda olSjd"
thska Y=ohla we;ehs lshd k oCIfhda fkdlsh;auehs'

ishs' thskau h:dN+; oY_kh jika lefrhs' ,a weia n f wruqKq

;=< i;H ijrEmhla ujdmdk jHdc njla we;' wfk;dcgd- nyscgd"
nJOkh ksid tajd uquksku
a i[[dKl jk rgdj ;=<k
s a fkrmd
u myiq fkdf' bj;afjdhs me;+ muKska tajd bj;a fkdhkafka
bJshhka ;sfnk ;dla Bg idfmaCIlj wruqKqo mj;sk fyhsks' ta
wdruuKhka ks;s jYfhka ixfla;j;a lrk f,daNh oafIh yd
fudayh bj;a lefrkqfha lhska fyda jpk ud;%fhka fyda fkdj
m%{dfjks'
''uyfKks " lhs k a fyda jpkfhka fyda fkdj m% { dfjka
olskau m%ydkh l<hq;= Ou_ ljfo@ f,daNh ''''''''
oafIh'''''''fudayh'''''' fl%daOh ''''' ^hkdhhs'&
-wx'ks'6'74
lreKq fufia fyhska ixl,amhkaf.a idrh jk uqla;sh
Wodjkqfha [[dKh kdurEm f,ys /f|k nef|k m%jK;dfjka
w;ak gh' tg flfkl=f.a ne,au fhduqjkafka , foig fkdj
f,ka Tngh' ukig wruqKq jk Ou_druuK fj;g fkdj Ou_;dj
fj;gh' ta jkdys ukisldrhlao fkdjk wukisldrhlao fkdjk"
i[[S njlao fkdjk" i[[S njla o fkdjk" tald.%njlao
fkdjk wfkald.%njlao fkdjk" CIs;schla fkdykk ne,auls'

brka ihg f.drejk yeu wruqKlau [[dKh kdurEm

, ;=<g fmd<Ujd ,k w;r ;Kydj tys,d 'wjpdrlhd'7 f,i
l%shd lrhs' f,!lsl {dkh ks;ru lsish wruqKl we,S ne
69

70

mdol igyka(

'jeojeo- .ekaulg .;yels lsisjla ke;''

-pQ,;KydixLh iq'u'ks'1'660

1' wgf<dia Od;=(

''l;u[p NsCLfj Od;=kdk;;x@ pCLq Od;=" rEmOd;=" pCLq
[[dKOd;=' fid; Od;=" ioo Od;=" fid; [[dK Od;=" >dk
Od;=" .JO Od;=" >dk[[dKOd;=" jyd Od;=" riOd;= jyd"
[[dKOd;= " ldhOd;= " fMdgGnnOd;= " ldh[[dK Od;= "
ufkdOd;= " OuuOd;= " ufkd[[dKOd;= " box jq pp;s Ns C Lfj
Od;=kdk;;k;s'''
-ix'ks'2'222
''l=ulao" uyfKks" Od;=kdkFjh@ plLq Od;=j" rEmOd;=j"
pCLq [[dK Od;=j" fid; Od;=j" ioo Od;=j" fid; [[dK
Od;=j" >dk Od;=j" .JO Od;=j" >dk [[dK Od;=j" jyd Od;=j"
ri Od;=j" jyd [[dKh Od;=j" ldh Od;=j" fMdgGnnOd;=j"
ldh [[dK Od;=j" ufkd Od;=j" OuuOd;=j" ufkd[[dK
Od;=j'
2' 'ufkd mqnnX.ud Ouud - ufkdfigGd ufkduhd'
3' r>qjxY ldjHdruNfha ld,sodi fuks(
jd.:_dj iumDfl;!
jd.:_m%;sm;;fh
c.;# ms;fr! jfJo
mdj_;S mrfYjfr!
'jpkfha;a w:_fha;a m%;smdokh msKsi jpkh;a w:_h;a fuka
tluq;=jQ c.;a foudmshka jk mdj_;S mrfYjr fofokdg j''
jd.aiJoN_h wkqj jpkhl w:_h ks.ukh l< hq;=h hk
jd.a oHd{ u;h idudkH f,dalhd w;r mej;s hglS oDIhg
jvd hqKq k;khla ms<sUq lrk kuq ta u;h mjd 'udkisl
iJoN_h' .ek iEfyk muK ie,ls,su;a ke;' fuys,d kQ;k
Wmfhda.s;d jdhdo jpkh yd w:_h w;r inJO;dj ms<sn|j ;snQ
we;e :Hdjka | fy<Sfuka h fufyhla bgqlr we;'
4' ii|kak( 'ifnn Ouud kd,x wNsksfjidh'
71

5' ''hx fLd NsCLq wkqfi;s" ;x wkqh;s" hx wkqh;s" f;k ixLx

.pP;s''
''''''''''' rEmx fp NsCLq wkqfi;s ;x wkqh;s" hx wkqh;s
f;k ixLx .pP;s" fjokx fp''''''''' i[[x fp''''''''''''ixLdfr fp'''''''
[[dKx fp'''''''''''''''''''''''''' - ix'ks'3'64
''uyK hula wkqih jYfhka ,e. iso" thg wkqj ukskq
,ef' hulg wkqj ukskq ,efo" thska .sKSug fha''''' uyK bka
rEmh wkqih jYfhka ,e. iso" thg wkqj ukskq ,ef' hulg
wkqj ukskq ,efo" thska .sKSug fha" uyK" bka fokdj '''''''''
i[[dj''''' ixialdr '''''''''' uyK" bka [[dKh wkqih jYfhka
,e. iso" '''''''thska .sKSug fha'
6' 'lKy'- 'ljd' hkq udrhdg kuls'
7' my; i|yka Ouumo .d:dfjys ;Kydj ,aldhla f,i ykajd
we;'
hii cd,skS i;;sld
;Kyd kF l=ys[ fk;fj
;x nqoOukk;f.dprx
wmox flk mfok fkii:
-nqoO j.."O'm'.d'180
hful=g fld;eklg fyda weof.k hk we,Sf ijNdj we;s
;Kyd ,aldhla keoao" tnjQ fl<jrla fkdfmfkk f.dre
ula we;s ^wkk;f.dprx& .sh ula fkdlah yels ^wmox&
nqjrhd ljr k ulska f.khkafkao@
f woyig <xl< yels ;j;a Wmmohla jk 'is nnkS '
^ueyqldh& hkako we;e ;efkl ;Kydj yekaug fh we;'
^iq'ks'.d'1044"wx'ks'4-186&
72

10' wksoiik [[dKh

[[dKx wksoiikx
wkk;x innf;d mNx
tF: wdfmd p mG
f;fcd jdfhd k .dO;s
tF: >[p rii[p
wKqx :Q,x iqNdiqNx
tF: kdu[p rEm[p
wfiix WmrePCO;s
[[dKii ksfrdfOk
tfF:;x WmrecCO;s
-fljvV iq''ks'1-538
oyd fkdolajkiq
Kefkls1 ks fkdykk
yeu;ska mndj;a fuys
h-fmdf<da-jd-.sks fyda
.= fl kq fkdr|hs
o< fyda ishq nj fyda
iqn fyda wiqn f ke;s
k- rE fol ke; b;s
is|e fuks tyeu fuys
k;rjQ l, Keku
w;r is jeks f yeu
udhdFul iajNdjhla [[dKh ;=< we;ehs nqrcdKka
jykafia jodf<a hula ms<
s Uq lsf m%;HfCIK yelshdjla [[dKh
;=< we;s neks' levm;la fuka ialJO m[plh ms<sUq lrk tys
miajk ialJOh jYfhka ms<sUqjkafka [[dKhuh' fuh ienekau
udhdjls' [[dKh ;ud fj;u ye n,kafka- m%;HfCId lrkafka
- wd;uix{dfjks' we;a;jYfhka lsjfyd;a [[dKh we;s iEu
73

;eklu wd;uix{djo we;' fuys we;af;a wmQre fo ijrEmhls'

.=m; wJof reoOdNdihls' hfula [[dK levmf;ys ms<sUqjk
whqka 'uu fj' fyda 'f uu fj' hkqfjka ;udu 'ykd.kakd'
g fkdkqj;aju ojh;djlg yiqf' ta w;alSu Nskakj mr;rhla
u;=u fya;=fldgf.k 'udk' k jQ uekSulg bv ie,fia' fjk;a
hlska lsjfyd;a th fya;=- m%;H inJO;djls" ke;fyd;a wfkHdakH
m%;Hh inJO;djls' ^5 jk mfpPoh n,kak& levm;l uqyqK
n,kakl=g ;udf.a rEmh .ek muKla fkdj Bg wod<jQ fokdj
ix{dj" f;kdj" iamY_h yd ukisldrh .eko kSula we;sjkakdla
fuka wd;au ix{dj we;sjkq yd iuu tjeksu wruqKq fm<la
ms<sn| h kSula we;sf' ta wruqKq iuia;hla jYfhka .;al,
'kdurEm' hkqfjka yekaf'
kEu uela laul fuka fuyso rEmh ^rEm& jeo.;a
fldgila rmdhs' rEmfha ,CIKhlajQ 'oJO mKd;dj' ^fyka
fjkiau& ishu i;aFjhskaf.a ;h yd inkaOjQ b;du;au
uQ,sl ksYaph jk meje;au yd fkdmeje;au ms<sn| oOdlrKhg
wjYH moku i,id fohs' 'rEmhka ms<sn|j jQ kdYh yd meje;au
l f,dfjys ksfila ksYaphla lrhs'' ^'rEfmiq ijd Njx Nj[pkspPhx l=ref; ck;= f,dfl'- l,y jdo iq'iq'ks'.d'871& rEmOu_
kdY hdug fmr l,la mj;sk f,ila fmfkk w;r wks;H;d
Ou_h tajd ;=< fjiaj<df.k ie ishs' 'm,,di' kjQ m;
yeSula jk ks;H ix{djg uQ,sl jYfhka fya;=jkag we;af;a rEm
Ou_ ms<sn| jer ks.ukhlehs lsjyelsh' ksrk;rfhka isjk fjkia
u fkd;ld yka taldk; wi;sFjhla yd taldk; kdi;sFjhla
ms<sn| wk;.d oDI fol mekke.=fka th fya;= fldg f.kh'
tfy;a fuh 'wfk;dcgd-nyscgd' ijrEmS idxidl .egfha
tl fmdgla muKs' ^5 jk mfpoh n,kak'& ;j;a fmdglao we;'
tk rEmi[[dj yd inJO wji;shg (inertia) m%;sreoOjQ m>hhs
(resistance). th kdurEmfhys kdu fldgi ksfhdackh lrk fokd"
i[[d" f;kd" Mii" ukisldr hk Ou_ ;=< .e we;' iamY_h
keue;s iqfYaI wji:dj mekkskqfha kduh;a rEmh;a tlajQ gh'
'kduh;a rEmh;a ksid iamY_ we;sf'' ^'kdu[p rEm[p mpp
Miid'- iq'ks'.d'876& tneka rEmh ke;sjQ l,ays iamY_fhda l%shdld
74

fkdfj;a' ^rEfm N+f; k Mqik;s Miid' tu''''& f wkqj .egj

ka fm<.eiS tkafka f wjidk m%Yakh foigh' 'rEmh ke;shkafka
ljr wJof ;; ;;aFjhlska hqC; flkl=go@' 'l:x ifu;ii
fNd;s rEmx' - iq'ks'.d'877
f m%Yakhg ms<s;=r bm;a lr we;af;a reoOdNdihl
ijrEmfhks'
k i[[i[[S k i[[i[[S
fkdms wi[[S k N+;i[[S
tjx ifu;ii fNd;s rEmx
i[[dksodkd Ns mm[p ixLd
-iq'ks'.d'878
'Tyq idudkH ix{dfjka hq l; jQ f jla o fkdf' lD;
ix{dfjka hql;jQfjlao fkdf' ix{dfjka f;drjQ flfklao fkdf'
ix{dj ke;sl< flfklao fkdf' rEmh ke;s hkafka fun ;;
;;aFjhlska hql; flkl=gh' ulaksidoh;a m%mxpfhka flfrk .sKS
ix{dj ksodkh fldg we;s fyhsks''
ka wm yuqfjys we;af;a w;sYhskau widudkHjQ ix{d uguls'
ta jQl,s ix{dfjys ieleiaug uQ,sl moku jk rEmfhka imqrd
w;akls' f ;;aFjh ki;Hd:_j;a mo ud,djlska bm;a lsfuka
fmkShkafka fu;ek lshefjk iu;sl%uKh ix{dj ;djld,slj
fyda ks;H jYfhka fyda hgm;a lsulska ,efnkakla fkdjk njh'
ta fjkqjg f moud,dfjka yeShkafka ix{dj kso .sh wji:djls'
ta fln kso hdulao lsjfyd;a f ;;;Fjh ,nd f.k isk
;eke;a;d bJshdruuKhka ms<sn| ix{dj we;af;lao" ke;fyd;a
ix{dfjka f;dr flfklao" ta;a ke;fyd;a ix{dj rel< flfklahs
weiqjfyd;a ms<s;=re h hq;af;a 'ke;', 'ke;' hkqfjks'
tla wji:djl nqrcdKka jykafia wd;=udfjys N+id.drfha
^oyhshd f.hs& jevfjfioa ,s fl fyK msms iys; uyd
Odrdksmd; jI_djla m;s;jQ w;r N+id.drfha is f.d fidfydhqrka
fofofkla iy .jhska isjq fofkla fyK myka ureuqjg m;ajQy'
75

wk;=r isjQ ;ekg wd;=ud jeis uyckldhla tla /iah' nqrcdKka

jykafiao tff,ys N+id.drfhka kslau ilauka lrkag jQy' msrsfika
tla wfhla Wkajykafia fj;g meK je| tl;amfil isg.;ag
my; i|yka ixjdoh we;sh'
''wehso" weje;aks" f uyckldhla /iaj iskafka@''
''ijdks"f ka jeis jiska jeish .,dhoa ,s fldgka
fyK mqmqroa f.d fidfydhqrka fofofkla iy .jhska
isjqfofkla ureuqjg m;ajqkd' tksihs fu;ek uyckldhla
/iaj iskafka' wehs" iajdks" Tn jykafia jevisfha fldyso@''
''weje;aks" ud fuysuhs jevisfha''
''wehs" ijdks" Tn jykafia gqjdo@''
''keye" weje;aks" ud gqf keye'''
''wehs" ijdks" ioaoh weyqfka keoao@''
''keye" weje;aks" ug ioaoh weyqfka kE''
''wehs" ijdks" Tnjykafia ie;mS yshdo@''
''keye" weje;aks" ud ie;mS yshd fkdfjhs''
''wehs" iajdks" Tnjykafia ix{dj we;sjo ysfha@''
''T" weje;aks'''
''tfyk" iajdks" Tnjykafia ix{dj;a we;sj wjj isoa
jeisjiska .,dhoa ',s fldgka fyKmqmqroa' th gqfj;a
weiqfkaj;a keye fkao@''
''T" weje;aks"''
-uydmksnndk iq'oS'ks'2'204
f ixjdoh Tng wreuhla f,i fkdfmfkkafka ''uePsla
lau'' ;=<ska hlsis bshla Tn kgu;a ,ndf.k isk ksidh'
tfiao jqj;a reoOdNdihl ijrEmh .;a hglS iud ;;aFjh wr
uyckldfhka wd mqoa.,hl=g muKlau fkdj fkdry;a NsCIqNsCIqKSka
jykafia,dgo wreuhla fia fmkSf.dia we;' kej; kej;;a Tjqka
tjeks iud;;aFjhla ;sh yelso hkak;a th fln tllao hkak;a
nqrcdKka jykafiaf.ka iy m%Odk Y%djlhka jykafia,df.ka uiQ
;eka wmg yuqf'2 jrla wdkJo ijdkajykafia my; i|yka m%Yakh
nqrka fj;g bm;a l<y'

76

''ijdks" NsCIqjlg fun iudhla ;sh yelso" hno

h;a ^tys& Tyq fmdf<dfjys fmdf<da ix{dj we;af;la fkdjkafkah'
c,fhys c,i[[dj we;af;lao fkdjkafkah' .skafkys .sks i[[dj
we;af;lao fkdjkafkah" jdhqfjys jdhq i[[dj we;af;lao fkdjkafkah'
wdldidk[pdh;kfhys wdldidk[pdh;k i[[dj we;a f ;la o
fkdjkafkah' [[dK[pdh;kfhys [[dK[pdh;k i[[dj
we;af;lao fkdjkafkah' wdls[p[[dh;kfhys wdls[p[[dh;k
i[[dj we;af;lao fkdjkafkah' fkji[[dkdi[[dh;kfhys
fkji[[dkdi[[dh;k i[[dj we;af;lao fkdjkafkah' tfiao
jqj;a i[[djla we;af;lau jkafkah'''
NsCIqjlg tn iud ,eula ;sh yels nj jod< nqrcdKka
jykafia ''ta flfiao@'' hkqfjka pdrK ,j th fufia jrKh
l<y'
''wdkJoh" f Ydikfhys NsCIqjla fun i[[djla we;af;la
fjhs' ''fuh Ydk;h" fuh m%KS;h" tk ish ixialdrhkaf.a
ikaisu" ish Wmka w;yer u" ;Kydj CIh lsu" fkdwe,au"
keje;au" ksu fufiah" wdkJoh" NsCIqjlg tn iud m%;s,dNhla
we;sh yelafla''' -wx'ks'6-14
f jrKfhka fmkS h kq f ha fuys i[[dj uq uks k a u
m%;sCIsm; fkdjQ njls' yqfola ka th mG" wdfmd" f;fPd" jdfhd
jeks idudkH wruqKq fjkqjg wruqKl fiahdjla .;a fufkys l<
yels wka hula fidhd.;a njls' ta jkdys mppiuqmmdofha ksfrdaO
me;a;hs' ta ksfrdaO me;a; fufkys lsu ;=<ska ''foaj,a'' ixL; jYfhka
ilialrk ixialdr imqrd iukh lefrhs' tys m%;sM,hla jYfhka
Wm .s,syS hk w;r Nj ;DIKdjg ysjQ ;ek wysfuka Nj
ks f rda O h ms < s n | f,da f lda ;;r wkq N + ; s h jk W;a ; ;r rd.h
gqfhysu m%;HCI fjhs'

''Nj ksfrdaOh ksjkhs" Nj ksfrdaOh ksjkhs"'' hkqfjka

weje;aks ug tla i[[djla yg.kS' wfkla i[[djlau ksreoO
f' hfia" weje;aks" le,s;a;la ,afjk l,ays tla ,a,lau yg.kSo
wfkla ,a,lau ksreoOfo" tfiau" weje;aks" ''Nj ksfrdaOh ksjkhs"
NjksfrdaOh ksjkhs'' hkqfjka ug tla i[[djla yg.kS' wfkla
i[[djla ksreoO f' weje;aks ta wji:dfjys uu ''Nj ksfrdaOh
ksjkhs'' hk i[[dju we;sj isfh'
-wx'ks'6-18
f wisu;a m%;HCIh [[dK ksfrdaOh ms<sn|ju jQ
[[dKhls'3 fuh ienekau mriamr frdaOhla fuka fmfkk
;;aFjhls' tfiao jqj;a tjeks m%;HCIhlg bvla we;af;a [[dKhgu
wdfKsl jQ m%;HfCIK ijNdjh ksidh' wruqKq ms<sn| [[dKhla
fjkqjg fuys we;af;a wruqKla fyda msysula ke;s [[dKhls'4
idudkHfhka [[dKh hula ms<sUq lrk fyda oydmdk wJof
fohla kuq f iudh ;=< th wksoiik f' ^lsisjla oyd
fkdmdhs&'th flno lsjfyd;a rd.Sj iudu;ajQ fudfyd;l hfula
;ud l,ska or gq ;efkl .skscd,djla olskakdla fuks'
''uyfKks" rEmh .sksf.k ,afjhs' fokdj .sksf.k ,afjhs'
ix{dj .sksf.k ,afjhs' ixialdr .sksf.k ,afjhs' {dkh .sksf.k
,afjhs'
''uyfKks" fufia olakd Y%e;j;a wdY%djlhd rEmfhyso
l,ls f rhs " fokdfjys o l,ls f rhs " ix{dfjys o l,ls f rhs "
ixialdrhkayso l,lsfrhs' {dkfhyso l,lsfrhs" l,lsfrkqfha
fkdwef,hs" fkdwe,Sfuka fohs' k l,ays kehs kSu fjhs'
bmu f. .sfhah' nUir jei ksuh' l<hq;a; lrk,' f
Nj;;aFjh i|yd u;=jg hula ke;ehs k.kshs'
-wd;; iq'ix'ks'3'120

f m%;HCIh ix{d ixl,am ish,a, wdruuK;;aFjfhka

neyer flfrk wJof .;sl oY_khla (dynamic vision) nj wdkJo
ijdka jykafia iska by; i|yka m%Yakhu kk ,o ;j;a
wjia:djl iehq;a ijdka jykafia bm;a l< my; lafjk
jrKfhka fy<sf'

or fj;ska .skaor fj;g;a wdydrh fj;ska tys w:_h fj;g;a

wjOdkh fhduq lsug ;=vqfok wkaof uQ,Ou_ ms<sn| wdl,amuh
mj;_khla fuys we;s njg f m%ia;=;hgu wod<jk whqka nqrcdKka
jykafia iJO ijdka jykafiag jod< foaYkdj lu ksoiqfkls'

77

78

tys Wka j yka f ia wia l = Kvhl= f .a k;kh;a ^LxlcCOdhs ; x&

wdcdfkhH wYajhl=f.a k;khka w;r fjki meye,s lrfo;s'
i;aFjdydr ouk foK imfhys n|+kd ,o wia l=Kvhd
'hji hji' hhs wdydr .eku is;kq 'i wiqka oukh lrkakd wo
ud ,jd lsk wNHdihla lr jkafkao@ flfia Tyqg m%;spdrh
olajkafk'hs fkdis;hs' hym;a wdcdfkhH wYajhd foK imfhys
n|kd ,fha ''hji" hji'' hehs fkdis;d ''wiqka oukh lrkakd wo
ud ,jd ls k wNHdihla lrjka f ka o @ flfia Tyq g m% ; s p drh
olajkafk'hs is;hs' f Wmudj wkqidrfhka nqrcdKka jykafia
flf,ia iys; mqyqka mq=,df.a flf,ia wruqKq ms<sn| OHdkh;a
uql; is;e;s wdcdfkh wdmqoa.,hdf.a f,djq;=re OHdkh;a w;r
fjki olajd jod<y' mqyqka mqreI l=Kvhd ldurd." jHdmdo"
koO" WoOpp" l=ll=pp" lspPd hk kSjrKhkg hg mG"
wdfmd" f;fcd" jdfhd" wdldidk[pdh;k" [[dK[pdh;k"
wdls [p[[dh;k" fkji[[dkdi[[dh;k" iy fuf,dj"
mrf,dj" gqj" weiqk" kqk" k.;a" ukiska meKs" mslaiQ pdrd
ne wruqKq weiqka OHdk jvhs' tfy;a NjQ wdcdfkhH mqreIhd
fli:dkhlg .sfha kSjrKhkg k;=jQ is;lska fkdfjfihs' tajdhska
kslau ;;ajQ m okakd neks' fya hglS mG wd lsis wruqKla
weiqka OHdk fkdjvhs' tfiao jqj;a hlsis OHdkhlao jvhs'
^COdh;s p mk& wruqKq lsisjla weiqre lr fkd.;a fuu OHdkh
fl;r wisu;ao h;a fojre iy n%yufhda r isgf.ku Tyqg
kuialdr lrka fufia lsh;a(
kfud f; mqidc[[
kfud f; mqiq;;u
hii f; kdNscdkdu
hums ksiidh COdhis5
-wx'ks'6-608
wdcdkSh mqreIh Tng kuialdr fjd`
mqrefIda;;uh Tng kuialdr fjd`
hn jQ Tn hula weiqre fldg OHdk jvyso'
ta lshs wms fkdokafkda fjuq'
f wmQj_ ix{djg Ih jk ''wruqKla'' ke;af;a ''IhS''
79

ug flfkla fkdue;s ksiduh' gq fhysu ,nk ksjkla jk f

Nj ksfrdaOh ms<sn| m%;HCIh jkdys ''fj'' hk udkh ^wi
udkh& uq,skqmqgd f m%;sM,hls'6 ix{duh wji:djla ;=< oHudk
jk wd;ah kSfuys fyda .sKSfuys m%;sM,hla jYfhks" ixl,amh
il,dx. mmQK_j t<solskqfha' ''uyfKks" ix{dj jHjydrh mdlh
fldg we;ehs lsh' h h wdldrhlska yek .kSo" ta ta wdldrfhka
jHjydr lrhs' 'uu fujeks ix{djla we;sj isfh'7 hkd jYfhks'''
''mm[p ixLdfjda i[[dj ksodkh fldg we;a;dy''' ixl,amj,g
wruqK jYfhka isk kdurEmh iu;sl%uKh l<g tajdfha m%i;=;h
ke;fyd;a 'moku' .s,syS fha' tneka mG" wdfmd" f;fcd" jdfhd"
hk ixl,am yd Bg wod< ." fldg wKq" i:Q," iqN" wiqN" hkd
idfmaCI fYaIKhkao tu wksoiik [[dKfhys m%;s IGdjla
fkd,n;a' idudkHfhka bJsh{dkh ;=< idrhla" yrhla f,i .kq
,nk ixl,amhkaf.a ,sh,jk 'c Yla;sh' tu.ska he,S hhs'
wksoiikjQ ^hula oyd fkdolajk& [[dKh wkk;h'
yeu;skau m%Ndj;ah' th mDfhys mD njla w;a fkdhs'
c,fhys c, njla w;a fkdhs' .skafkys .sks njla w;a fkdhs'
jdhqfjys jdhqnjla w;a fkdhs' N+;hskaf.a N+;njla w;a fkdhs'
fohkaf.a fonjla w;afkdhs' n%yuhskaf.a n%yunjla w;a fkdhs'
wdNiir n% yuhs k a f .a wdNiir njla w;a f kdhs ' iq N ls Kyl
n%yuhskaf.a iqNlsKyl njla w;a fkdhs' fymM, n%dyuhskaf.a
fymM,njla w;a fkdhs' wNsN+f.a wNsN+ njla w;afkdhs' ish,af,ys
ishnjla w;afkdhs''8
- n%yuksuk;ksl iq'u'ks'1-770
uql; is; ;=<" ,sh,jk cYl;sh CIhhdfuka ixl,amfhda
m%mxp jYfhka w;=m;r ysod hdfuys wfmdfydi;a fj;s' ixl,amj,
Y+kHFjh wNs{dfjka m%;HCI lr.;a uql; mqoa.,hd tajd u;
msysgd u[[kdjka we;slr fkd.kshs'
''uyfKks" wy;ajQ iuHla iunqoO jQ" ;:d.;f;u mDh
mDh f,i wNs{dfjka k .kshs' mDh mDh f,i wNs{dfjka
kf.k 'mDh' hhs fkdyshs 'mDfhys' hhs fkdyshs' 'mDfhka'
hhs fkdyshs' 'mDh uf.a' hhs fkdyshs' mDh ms<sn|j i;=gq
80

fkdfjhs' ta ulaksidoh;a" th ;:d.;hka iska msis| okakd

,ofyhskehs lsh'''
-uQ,mhdh iq'u'ks' 1-16
ld<ldrdu iQ;f% hys m%ldYs; m ;:d.;hka jykafia lSfuka
fjkajQ lsh hq;= fohla fkdys;a' lsh hq;a;la we;ehs fkdys;a'
olskafkla we;ehs fkdys;a' fuh jkdys wksoiik [[dKh
;=< ish Ou_hka CIhu ms<sn|j ,nd.;a m%;HCIfhys m%;sM,hls'
[[dKhg wruqKla jYfhka flaJ.;jk lsisjla ke;s
l,ays th kdurEm , kso hka wkk;njg m;ajk w;r
'oDIfldaK' bj;a jQ iduk; oY_khlg bvie,fia' f khska th
'innf;dmN' hkqfjka yekah hq;= 'yeu;ska mndj;a' njla orhs' ta
m%Ndj k m%{d m%Ndjuh'9 f m%Ndj yuqf udhd;ul bJsh
[[dKfha mgq wdf,dalOdrd ;=< lemS fmkqk wruqKq jK_
uelS ^-rd.& hk neka f wkqN+;sh 'i<dh;k ksfrdO' kkao
yekaf'
''tneka uyfKks" ta wdh;kh o;hq;af;ah' ^ljrlao h;a&
hful weio ksreoOf" rEm i[[djo uelSfha ^rcc;s& lKo
ksreoOf' ioao i[[djo uelSfha" keyeho ksreoOf" .JOi[[djo
uelSfha' jo ksreoO f" ri i[[djo uelSfha' lho ksreoO f"
fMdgGnni[[djo uelS f ha ' ukio ks r eoO f" Ouui[[djo
uelSfha'ta wdh;kh o;hq;af;ah' ta wdh;kh o;hq;af;ah'''
-f,dlldu.=K iq'ix'ks'4-256
f fl nqjofkys wre; lsfulahs wk| yshka fj;ska
pd, NsCIqkag Wkajykafia jodf<a th i<dh;k ksfrdaOh yeug
foik ,oaola njh' [[dK ksfrdaOh wkqN+;shla neka th
wksoiik [[dK kka ykajk ,oafoa hfiao" tfiau i<dh;k
ksfrdaOho wkqN+;shla f,i f.k 'wdh;k' kdufhka ykajd we;'
''uyfKks" h ;efkl mDhj;a ke;so" c,hj;a ke;so"
.skakj;a ke;so" jdhqjj;a ke;so" wdldidk[pdh;khj;a ke;so"
[[dK[pdh;khj;a ke;so" wdls[p[[dh;khj;a ke;so" fkj
i[[dkdi[[dh;khj;a ke;so" fuf,dj;a ke;so" mrf,dj;a ke;so"
i|ysre fofok;a ke;so" tn wdh;khla we;' ;jo" uyfKks" tys
taula j;a hdula j;a" isulaj;a ke;ehs lsh' pq; ula j;a
81

bmulaj;a ke;ehs lsh' th fkdmsyshlauh' fkdmj;skaklauh"

wruqKq ke;a;lauh' thu flys fl<jrh'''
-Wodk'Lq'ks'290
idfmaCI;djg hg;ajQ bJsh f.dapr f,dalh iu;sl%uKh
lrk f 'wdh;kh' wE; wNHjldYfha fld;eklj;a fkdj f
nUhla muKjQ isrer ;=<ue jQjls'10 ienekau oHudk fia .efKk
mG" wfmda" f;afcd" jdfhd" i| ysre jeks bJshdruuK iuu tajd
weiqre fldg.;a hd" B" is" pq;" mekkeS wd hqla;
ixl,amfhdao f. uelSfh;a' rEm" ioo" .JO" ri" fMdgGnn Ouu
hk 'ks;s' ka lsisjla ixfla;j;a fkdlrkafka uqla; mqoa.,hdf.a
isf;ys rd." fodai" fuday CIh we;s neks' Tyqf.a wks;; fpf;d
uq;;sh ^uydfjo,, iq'u'ks'1-700& oydmdk tlu foh rd."
fodai" fudayhkaf.a CIhuuh' thu 'w[[d' kjQ ksjk ms<sn|
m%;HCI {dkh fjhs' ish iirla f.k tk ixialdrhkaf.a
ikaisuo thu f'
''uyfKks " kQ m ka " fkdyg.;a " fkdl<" ilia fkdl<
;;aFjhla we;' uyfKks" kQmka" fkdyg.;a" fkdl<" ilia fkdl<
;;aFjhla fkdue;sk" Wmka yg.;a" l< ilia l< fohska fuys
kslaula olajd ,sh fkdyelsjkq we;' h fyhlska" uyfKks"
kQmka" fkdyg.;a" fkdl<" ilia fkdl< ;;aFjhla ;sfo" tfyhskau"
Wmka" yg.;a" l<" ilia l<" fohska kslaula olajd,sh yelaflah'''11
-Wodk Lq'ks'1-292
uq<d neug
yiqj
ienE fjia .kshs
f,dj
Wm nefuka
nd,hd msjr
fudyrls yeu
fmfk;;a ikd;k
olsf;d;a olS ke;s

nek
k
w;sk
f,i
f,i

rE-io-rio-.|
- myi ukig tk
bgq;=gq jvk ukk| - 'f yeu we;e'hs .;a
82

oE
oE

mdol igyka(
ifo f,dj yeufok
fuyeu ke;sjk ;ek

- tle;ska iemehs
- llehs u;h

.kafkda
orfKda

wug m;aok
- mial| weu
thue iem;ehs olajk - l,e f,dj tfrys

yrfKda
jkafkda

wkaa ok iemehs lSoE

- w ok lehs lS
wka ok lehs lSoE
- w ok iemehs
n,j` oyful .eUqfrla - uq<d fj;s fkdu

fjda
lSfjda
o;=fjda

fudyr ;=< fldgqje - fkdols;s

keKeike ;sfhda
keK' ;=< jgje
- ols;s keKwei
we;sfhda
<ue we;s uq;a fkdols;s- oy u. fkdu
is fhda
Nj wefuys .sk
urejifhys /k

- Nj hje,g yiqjq
- /fils fuoyu fkdols

k
k

wug ms<smka
ljqre ols;so fuksjka

- mq=,ka ue i fjk
wka
- uq,eiqka le/ue
flf,iqka

-ojh;dkqmiikd iq'iq'ks'.d'762-769

1' f ud;Dldjg wod< fndfyda lreKq wm w;ska ,shejqk my;

i|yka lD;Skays idlPd we;'
1' Concept and Reality in Early Buddhist Thought
-(1971) Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy
2' Samyutta Nikaya - An Anthology, (1972)
- do D. G. M. B. Edition (2009)
3' Ideal Solitude - (1973) D. G. M. B. Edition 2009
4' W;a;;r yqfol,dj ^1990& Ou_.%J: uqKNdrh 2001
5' ksjfka ksu ^1997-2004& fj tfldf<dils' Ou_ .%J:
uqK Ndrh'
2' wx'ks'5-494" wx'ks'6-14" 598"604"608"666
3' ii|kak( (i)' ;x ;;x mmuq;;x
jh[piidkqmii;s
-wx'ks'4-158
(ii) [[dKii ksfrdfOk''''''
[[dKfha ksfrdOfhka'''''
^ud;Dld .d:dj n,kak'&
uuKx - wmm;sgGx ^fkdmsys&" wmmj;;x ^fkdmj;sk&
4' wkdr
wkdru
hk moo f [[dKh ms<sn|j fhdod ;sf'
5' ii|kak -'w;ll iud' ^Wod'nq'ks'1'272&
'w;llCOdhS' ^ix'ks'1-230
'COdh;s wkqmdodfkd' ^f:r.d'843-861&
'w;llx iudmfkkd' ^f:r .d'998&
6' n,kak( wx'ks'5-378
7' 'fjdydrfjmlldyx NsCLfj i[[x jod" h:d h:d kx
i[Pkd;s" ;:d ;:d fjdyr;s tjx i[[S wfydisk;s'
-wx'ks' 4-206

83

84

8' 'innii innf;;k wkkqN+;x'

ii|kak( 'innx fjd NsCLfj foisiid' ;x iqKd:
idOqlx ukislfrd: Ndisiid''''''
''ls[p NsCLfj innx@ pCLqx fpj rEmdp" fid;[p ioodp"
>dk[p .JOd p" jyd p rid p ldfhd p fMdgGnnd p' ufkd
p Ouud p" box jqpp;s NsCLfj innx'''
''fhd NsCLfj tjx jfohH( wyx t;x innx mppCLdh w[[x
innx m[[dfmiid;s " ;ii jdpdjF:q f rjii" mq f gGd p k
iumdfhhH" W;;[p >d;x wdmfcchH' ;x lsii fy;=@ h:d ;x
NslLfj wihix'''
''uyfKks" uu kqU,dg ish,a, foikafk' th wij" fydka
fufkys lrj' lshkafk''''''''
lsfulao uyfKks ish,a,@ weio" rEmo" lKo" Yoo" keyeho
.|-iqj|o" jo rio" lho meyeish hq;=foao" ukio Ou_o" uyfKks"
fuhg 'ish,a,' hhs lshkq ,ef'
''uyfKks" hfula 'uu f ish,a, m%;sfCIam lr wka 'ish,a,la'
mKj'hs lshd k th Tyqf.a jpk ud;%hlau jkafkah' m%Yak
lrk ,o l,ays th ikd: l< fkdyels jkafkah' ta ljr fyhskao
h;a( uyfKks th Tyqg Ih fkdjk nekauh'''
- inn iq'ix'ks' 4-30
9' p;fiid bud NsCLfj mNd' l;ud p;fiid@
pJommNd" iqhmmNd" w..smmNd" m[[mmNd" bud fLd
NslLfj p;fiid mNd" t;o..x NslLfj budix p;=kkx mNdkx
hox m[[mmNd'''''
"uyfKks" f m%Nd i;frls' ljr i;frlao@ pJ m%Ndj"
iQm%Ndj" w.ks m%Ndj" m%{d m%Ndj" fjdh" uyfKks" f m%Nd
i;r' uyfKks" f m%Nd i;r w;=frka fuhu w.%h' tk m%{d
m%Ndj'"
-wx'ks'2-268
85

kF m[[d iud wdNd - ix'ks' 1-12

m%{dj yd iudk wdf,dalhla ke;'
10' "'''''buif[[j LHduuf;; lf,nfr ii[[suys iukfl f,dl[p
m[[fm f,dliuqoh[p f,dlksfrdO[p f,dlksfrdO.dks[p
mmox"
-frdys;ii iq'ix'ks'1-120
"''''''''i[[dj;a uki;a iys; f nUhla muKjQ isrer
;=<u uu f,dalh;a" f,dal iuqoh;a" f,dal ksfrdaOh;a" f,dal ksfrdaOh
lrd hk m%;smodj;a fmkajd,'"
11'
ufkdaoHdkql+,j n,k l, lsish rgdjla tys fkdne
th ilia we;s fya;= m%;H foig wjOdkh fhduq lsu ;=<skau
fkdilia l< yelsh' tkhskau" Wmka ^cd;x& yg.;a ^N+;x& l<
^l;x& ilia l< ^ixL;x& h fohla" tys fya;= m%;H oiqka
kqjKska kso lSfuka kQmka ^wcd;x&fkdyg;a ^wN+;x& fkdl<
^wl;x& ilia fkdl< ^wixL;x& njg mj;_kh l< yels fjhs'
{dk udhdj ;=< we;s fya;= m%;Hhkaf.ka ksmka lD;%su rgd
ish,a,lau woHdj yd ;Kydj uq,skqmqgd uQg ksreoO f'
f wkqj ksjk yekaug fh by; i|yka mdhmo
f;are.; hq;af;a ufkdaoHd;ul w:_hlska i mdrfN!;sl w:_hlska
fkdf' ilia lsula" tla /ialsula fkdue;s ;ek is
hdulao ke;' ksjk "wmf,dls;x" ^m fkdjk& hkqfjka ykajd
we;af;ao tfyhsks'
wNd.Hhlg fuka fmr'mr fo. fndfyda W.;=ka Wodk
md<sfhka Wmqgd by; lajQ fo folu mdrfN!;sl w:_hlska .%y
lr we;' Tjqkaf.a ks.uk wkd;uOu_hg lsisfia;a wkql+, fkdf'
Tjqka fnfykau keUqre jkafka f fo folska iQ;jk lsish
.=V" wksY;" Bkshd Nj;;aFjhla we;ehs fmkajdugh' tkuq;a
nq rcdKka jykafia uq uy;a Njhu wks;H;d Ou_hg hg;a nj
ksielju foaYkdfldg we;'

86

11' ksjk mru Ydk;shhs

^mYsIghls&
"wi;Hh flfrka ud i;Hh lrd f.khkq uek`
wJOldrh flfrka ud wdf,dalh lrd f.khkq uek`
urKh flfrka ud wuD;h lrd f.khkq uek`"
Ndr;Sh k;dj,sh ;=<ska u;=jk ;%sO wdhdpkhhs f' f
wdhdpkh udkj ixy;sfha wNSIg mrudOHdYhkgo wkql+, jQjls'
nq oyfuys uQ,sl isoOdk;uh b.eka miq fldgf.k ld<ldrdu
iQ;%h .%y lsfuka f ;%sO wdhdpkhu M,j;a lr .ekSug u
fy<slr.; yelsh'
i;Hh" wdf,dalh yd wuD;Fjh ms<sn| m%Yak fj;g nq
iuh <xjkafka wka yeu Ndr;Sh oY_k im%odhhka .;a ug
yd;amiskau fjkia ulsks' meje;au ms<sn| .egjg h;=r jk
i;Hh BYjrhl= i;= j Q j la f,i tf;la ms < s f .k ;s n q K s ' ks i a
ika;dkhg wrla f.k we;s fudaydJOldrh fkrmk wdf,dalh
n%yuhd yd talSN+;f .+V wkqN+;shla ;=<ska Wodlr.; yelshhs
i,lk ,' ish m%dKSkag WreujQ wksjd fYdaldk;h jk urKh
ms<sn| .egj i|d,k wuD;Fjh iqrf,dj fohkaf.a wuD;mdkh
;=< we;ehs we;efula ie<l+y'
mdrfN!;sl oYkjdka O u;jdo u.ska yevjev .ekaug
;e;al< f <dul mqyqka k;khg brdu fjkia jQ oY_khla
nqrcdKka jykafia f,dalhd yuqfjys ;enQy' lsisjl= fkdis;+rE
;efkl Wkajykafia i;Hh gy' meje;au yd keje;au;a" .egj
yd tys iu;a uquy;a ixidr ufyda>fha flaJi:dkh jk hiq<sh
;=<ska Wkajykafia u;=lr.;ay' tfukau wfk;dac; nysc; f
ixidr .egj i|k uo f,djg fy<slr kay' i;Hh foaj
ryila fyda .+V uk;%hla fyda fkdjk njo fmkajd kay' th
we;a;-we;s-ye-lSuls' h:d N+; {dk oY_khls' wjYH ugug
kqjKei mdod.;a kEu flfkl=g th Ou_ijNdjh ;=<skau meye,sj
ksu_,j l.; yelsfjhs' "tj n,j" ^tysmiisfld& hkqfjka i;Hh
lSug Ou_h wmg we/hq lrhs'
87

''hfia" uyfKks" mj_; w;frl msis meye,s fkdfndr

,la fo" weia we;s mqreIfhla ta ,af;r isfha ismams fn,a,ka yd
ilafn,a,kao" legle,s;so" irkdjQ;a isgqkdjQ;a uiqka /<o olskafkah'
Tyqg fun isf;la fjhs' f h, msish" meye,sh" fkdfndrh"
fuys f ismams fn,af,dao ilafn,af,dao" lEgle,s;so irkdjQ;a
isgqkdjQ;a uiqka /<o we;' uyfKks" tfihskau" uyKf;u f l
hehs we;a; we;s yefhka okafkah' 'f flys yg.ekauh' hs we;a;
we;s yefhka okafkah' 'f flys ksreoOuh'hs we;a; we;s yefhka
okafkah' 'f flys ksreoOu lrd hk ms<sfj;h'hs we;a; we;s
yefhka okafkah' 'f wdY%jfhdah' hs we;a; we;s yefhka okafkah'
'f wdY%jhkaf.a yg .ekSu h'hs we;a; we;s yefhka okafkah' f
wdY%jhkaf.a ksreoOu hhs we;a; we;syefhka okafkah' f wdY%jhkaf.a
ksreoOu lrd hk ms<sfj;'hhs we;a; we;s yefhka okafkah'
fufia okakd fufia olakd Tyqf.a is; ldudY%jhkaf.kao fohs'
NjdY%jhkaf.kao fohs' woHdY%jhkaf.kao fohs' k l, "fk"
hk {dkh fjhs' Wm; CIhh' nUirjia jei ksuh' l<hq;a;
lrk ,' kej; f Nj;;aFjhlg taula ke;ehs k.kshs'''
-uydwiimqr iq'u'ks'1'648
wmf.a udkisl ;hg wod< oY_km:h wjqrd,k wre
j<dmg,h wd;au ix{dj ms<sn| fudayh ;=<ska mekke.=kla nj
nqrcdKka jykafia myod kay' oDIfldaKhla jYfhka bm;ajk
f fudayh ^6 fjks mfpoh n,kak& tys rmeje;au ;yjqre lr
.ekSu i|ydu woHd miqula ujdf.k we;' woHdj;a ;DIKdj;a
fya;= fldgf.k uki fldgq mgq mj;S' wh;a lr .ekSuu
wh;a ula ;= < fldgq uls ' ys lr.eka u ;= < we;s mgq
.%yKhg yiquu wysuls' wiudk l+[[fhka uekka mgq
iSudjka ;=< l%shd;ul jk iamY_ wdh;k yh msysg lrf.k
f.dvk.d.;a {dk iNdrh yq woHdjlau nj wkdjrKh h'
'we;=<;' ^wcCO;;x& 'msg;' ^nysoOd& kjQ wdh;k ms<sn| wksjd
ojh;djl m%;sM,h jYfhka ysjk 't;ekla' yd 'fu;ekla' w;r
[[dKh f;rmS ysrh' ^5 jk mfpoh n,kak& lreKq fufia
fyhska wdf,dalh Wodlr .ekSf m%h;akh n%yuiyjH;djla ;=<ska
fyda n%yuFjh yd tlSN+;ula ;=<ska fyda bgqfj;ehs .ekSu :Hdjls'
th tla wremg,hla ^mqoa.,wd;uh& ;j;a wre mg,hl ^mrud;uh&
88

.s,aula muKs' i;aldh oDIh wkqj ilia lr.;a ^ixL;& iSudjka

"ksfnnld m[[d" k jQ kso hk m%{d m%Ndjlska | fukau
[[dKh ;=< we;s 'wkk; innf;dmN' ;;aFjhg m;af yelshdj
m%;HCIlr .; yelsh' fujeks yelshdjla is; ;=< we;ehs fy<slsu
udkj ixy;sh lsisfia;a n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjQ wJof wkdjrKh
lsula h'
"uyfKks" f is; m%Ndiajrh' tfy;a th wd.ka;=l ^neyeka
wd& Wmlaf,aYhkaf.ka ls,sj we;' f nj wY%e;j;a mD:.ackf;u
;;ajQ m fkdokshs" uyfKks" tneka wY%e;j;a mD:.ackhdg
;;Ndjkdjla ke;ehs lsh'"
"uyfKks " f is ; m% N dia j rh' tfy;a th wd.ka ; = l
Wmlaf,aYhkaf.ka oS we;' f nj Y%e;j;a wdY%djlf;u ;;ajQ
m okshs' tneka Y%e;j;a wd Y%djlhdg ;;Ndjkdjla we;ehs
lsh'"
-wx'ks'1-20
Wm; yd urKh meje;aula ms<sn| udkfha wksjd Wmm%fh
folla nj nqrcdKka jykafiag wjfndaO h' fof,da nUf,da mjd
;u jYhg .;a wks;H;d Ou_h yuqf wurKSh meje;aulg lsisfia;a
wjldYhla fkdue;' ta yer;a wurKSh jQ meje;aula fidhd hdf
m%jK;dj yqfola i;aFjhd ;=< ksOka.;j me,mh we;s urKh
ms<sn| 'NS;sld frda.fha' frda. ,CIKhla muKs' urKNh yd inJO
.%ia;sh bj;a l< yels fjf;d;a wurKSh meje;aula fif m%Yakho
ks;e;skau i hkq we;' tneka nqrcdKka jykafia ;h yd
urKh ms<sn| .egjg kj;u iula bm;a l<y' wurKSh
meje;aulg bvla ke;s kuq wuD;Fjh gqfhysu-fuf,dj um%;HCI lr.; yels nj fmkajd kay' 1 wks;H" #L" wkd;u
;%s,CIKh mmQK_ jYfhkau wjfndaO lr .ekSfuka Wm; yd urKh
hk folgu moku jQ Njh ksfrdaO fjhs' nqrcdKka jykafia
bm;a l< iu frda. ,CIKhkag ms<sh lsu fjkqjg frda.
ks o dkhgu ms < s h u fhf ffjoH m% ; s l dr hls ' th jkdys
wks;H;dj "Ichla" f,i ie,l+ mqyqka frda.shd" m%n, wks;H
ix{djla ;=<skau iqjm;a lsf wdYapj;a iQCIu 'fydfhdam;s'
89

ffjoH l%uhls' th fl;r ishq f,i frda. ksodkhgu m%;sldrh

t,a, lf<ao h;a urKix{dj Ndjkdjla jYfhka l%uj;aj mqre
lsu wuD;Fjfhkau fl<jr fj;ehs hk ixjd kuq w:_j;ajQ
wisu;a m%;sldr hlg u. mEh'2 iqrhkaf.a wuD; iqrdjlska
lD;%su f,i 'urKh' uqim;a lrkq fjkqjg fuf,dju ,nd .; yels
'wuD;Fjh' ms<sn| f,daflda;;r wkqN+;shla ;=<ska nqrcdKka jykafia
'urKh' ijdNdlju urKhg m;alsf ula fy<slr jod<y'
'YdlH uqksf;u h CIhula" rd.hla" m%Ks;" wuD;Fjhla
iudu;aj ,nd.;af;ao" ta Ou_h yd iudkjQ wkalsisjla ke;' fuho
Ou_fhys m%KS; ijNdjhls''3
-r;k iq'iq'ks'.d'228
nqrcdKka jykafia .;a u flf;la ijdko h;a by;
lajQ ;%sO wdhdpkh ;=< we;s ne.Em;a 'f.khkq uek' hkako
tuska ks;e;skau m%;sfCIam h' Ou_hgu wdfKsljQ ;:;dj ^8
jk mfpoh& ;=< .ej we;s 'Tmkhsl' .=Kfhysu bhg muqKqjk
ijNdjhla ;sfnk neka k foajNl;shla wkjYH h' wjYHjkafka
iir l lrd weof.k hk Njfi% d a ; fhka - hjef,;a -
m%;sfi%da;.dj Ou_ fi%da;hg tlau muKs' ^fid;dmkk&
i;Hh" wdf,dalh yd wuD;Fjh ms<sn| wdOHd;l mrud:_
iJgl jYfhka fuf,dju m%;HCI lr.ekSfuka uql; mqoa.,hd
wjfYaI f,dalhd iu woyia yqjudre lr.; fkdyels ksIl%sh
;;aFjhlg m;afkdf' w;a lS ug folla w;r hd l< fkdyels
;rf mr;rhla we;sfgl idudkHfhka mekk.sk .egq iuyka
lrk kHdhhla mpp iuqmmdo isoOdk;h ;=<ska Tyq u;=lrf.k
we;s neks' ^4 jk mfpoh& nqrcdKka jykafia fuys,d fl;r
mCIdld jQfhao hkak fYaIfhkau ld<ldrdu iQ;%h oyd olajhs'
f,daflda;;r ;;aFjhla m%;HCI lr.;a muKska uql; mqoa.,hdf.a
bJsh l%shdldFjh lD; jQfha fkdf' rd." fodai" fuday u.ska
lefrk n,mEu k;r jQjd muKs' i<dh;khka ms<sn| m[p O
iduk; oY_kh4 f,dalfhka f,dalfhys iSf yelshdj uql;
mqoa.,hdg ,ndfohs'5 iWmdfiid ksnndkOd;=j w:_j;a jkqfha fuysh'
"''''''''' l=ulao" uyfKks" iWmdfiid ksnndk Od;=j@ fuys,d"
90

uyfKks" NsCIqjla ry;ah" wdY%jhka CIhlr we;" l<hq;= lsi lr

we;' Ndrh nyd ;nd we;' ;u mrudhg <d we;' Nj ne
fl<jr fldg we;' uekekau wjfndaO lrf.k uql; we;'
Tyqf.a bJsh mi ;sfuh' tajd kdY fkdlsu ksid ukdm
wukdm fol N=l;s hs' iemla Jokh lrhs' Tyqf.a h rd.CIhla"
foICIhla " fuda y CIhla fo fh" uyfKks " iWmdfiid
ksnndkOd;=j''''
-b;s'Lq'ks'1-368
uql; mqoa.,hd bJshdkqnoO f,dalhg wdmiq tk f,ila
fmfk;;a ksjka iqjh tu wOHd;u YdJ;shuh ^wcCO;;ik;s&' tu
ikaisuuh ^Wmiu&' f,daflda;;r wkqN+;shl wfkla wxY fukau f
wxYho f,dalhdg f;are .ekSu-we.ehSu-wmyiqh' wdYdjkaf.ka
f;drjQ ;ek iemhla we;ehs lSuo reoOdNdihla f,i fmkShd
yelsh' tfiao jQj;a" fhdaksfidaukisldrh wjlr.;a g meye,s
jk m we;a; jYfhkau iemhla f,i ie,lsh yelafla wdYdju
fkdj th ikais|jd .ekSuh' l=i.skak msmdih fuka fkdikaiqka
Woaf.lr wji:djla jk wdYdj frda.hls' wmf.a tfkod ;fha
mjd idudkHfhka iemhla f,i .; yelsjkqfha wdYdj ikais|jd
.ekSuh' ta wdYdjg wruqKq jQ foh ,nd .ekSf fojdplh jkqfha
h meyeo fldg ,nd.;a ta ikais iqjh ;djld,sl uh' or
,enQ .skakla fuka wdYdj h<s h<s;a nqr nqrd mekk.sk neks'
nqrcdKka jykafia th kshu ikais|ula f,i fkd;lkafkao
tksiduh' th ;j ;j;a or fuka .skakla ksf m%h;akhla f,i
Wkajykafiag fmkS .sfhah' ta flfia fj;;a wdYdjka ikais| f
m%h;ak ;=<ska u;=jk tla uQ,Ou_hla we;' tk wdYdjka lsisfia;a
iqjodhl fkdjk njh' ta kHdhhg wkqj we;a; jYfhkau iqjodhl
jka f ka wdYdj ika i s u k is h u wdYdjka f .a ika i s u n
wdYd rys; nj mru iem; h hq;=h' ksjk ta mru iemhhs'6
lreKq fufia kuq;a wNd.Hhlg fuka nq iufha mru
iemh ykajk jvd;a m%p,s; mdh moh jk 'ksnndk' hkak
ld,hdf.a wejEfuka yq ki;H:_j;a mohla f,i wj{djg ,lajkag
h' iQ;%d.; meye,s idOl ;sh;a th ksielju 'ksula' yjk
mohlehs ms<s.ekSug fndfyda W.;=ka miqngjkq fmfkhs' ki;H:_j;a
91

f,i ie,flk mdh mo7 .ek wksh hla fndfyda fokd ;=<
we;s neka 'ksnndk' hkafkys ienE wre; fkdj<yd bm;a lsug
mj;_lfhda ue<sfj;s' iQ;% foaYkdjkays 'ksnndk' hk moh rd."
fodai" fuday" CIh lsu yehg8 meye,sju yekafjk ;ekaj,
wgqjdpdka mjd wkaoukao we;s nj fmfka' by; lajQ m
wdYdrys; nju 'mru iqjh' hhs ms<s.;fyd;a 'ksnndk' hkak
wi;H:_j;a mohla f,i .sKSu ifya;=lhhs jegyS hd yelsh' uq
uy;a Njhu .sksf.k fjk ;eklg Wmud lr we;s neka tys
ksuu ikais iqjhla" Ydk; iqjhla ms<sn| wkqN+;shla fjhs'
tfyhskau th isis,aula- iS;sNdjhla yjk mohls' "gqfhysu
uu ^;Kyd& l=i.skak fkdue;sj ks" isis,a" lsisjla w,a,d fkd.;a
msksula fmkajd,'" Wmdodk bJOk fkdue;sj ,nk f msksu"
f ikaisu" houla fkdue;sju ,nd.; yelalls'
"h flfkla wgklska f.!;u Ydikfhys ^ ls
jYfhka& uekka fhfo;ao" wdYdjkaf.ka f;drjQ Tyq tys mru
ks IGdjg meK" wuD;hg neif.k ^wu;x .hy&"fkd,fhau
^uqOd& ,nd.;a ksu N=l;s ;a'"
-r;k'iq'iq'ks'.d'230
ixialdrhkaf.a ikaisu yd iu.u uql; mqoa.,hdyg
[[dK uela lau ^urKhg l,skau& wjika fjhs' uela lafuys
'uela njla' Tyqg ka fkdfkk neka tjeks ysia oY_k i|yd Tyq
kej; ld,h fyda uqo,a fyda kdia;s fkdlrhs' uela Yd,dfjka
t<shg hdug fmru ta uql; mqoa.,hd uelalref.a uela fmkafuys
w:_ Y+kHFjh Tyqf.a lm iQ;a;r kso lSfukau ksielj wjfndaO
lrf.k we; ^w[[d&' f,dal fm%aCIld.drfhys yqka mqyqka uela
f,da,hskaf.a Wkau;;l w{dk iqjh fjkqjg Tyq Ydk; uql;s
iqjhla" mru wd Wmiu iqjhla ^mrfud wfhd Wmifud& m%;HCIlr
kF i
k;smrx
wjidkh' ikais iqjhg jvd W;= iqjhla ke;' 'kF
ik
iq L xx'''

92

mdol igyka(
wfka oe ;=<e iifrys
wfka` fidhka fj
f.lre jvqjd fkdleue
flls h<s h<s bme

yd jvqj` ;d u
fkdl<elshe ;g f.h h<s
mrd,d yeu | we;
iS iS lvhe l=ysi
ilr ikaiqka ;eke is;
lf< ;Kaydjka ks'9

1' ii|kak( ldfhk wu;x Od;=x - MqihsFjd ksrEmx

Wmmksii..x
- ipPslFjd wkdifjd
fofi;s iuudiunqfoOd - wfidlx rcx mox
-b;s'Lq'ks'1'378
lhska ksrem kjQ wuD; Od;=j iamY_ fldg" wdY%j rys;j
Wm w;yeu m%;HCIlr" iuud inqrcdKka jykafia fYdal
ke;s" flf,ia ,s ke;s" ;;aFjhla ^tk"ksjkla& foaYkd lr;s'
2' 'wuf;d.Od wu; mfhdikd' - wx'ks'6-188
3' f iud ;;aFjh wdkk;l iud kkao yeka f' ^iq'ks'.d'228&
Ou_fhys wld,sl nj thska .uHf'
4' "uyfKks" ;:d.;hka jykafia iska f W;a;;r W;=
Ydk; ;;aFjh wjfndaO lrf.k we;' tk" iamY_ wdh;k yfhys
yg.ekau" wia;hg hdu" wdiajdoh" wdkjh yd tajdhska kslau
we;s iefhkau k Wmdodk jYfhka w,a,d fkdf.k uql;uh'
-m[p;;h iq'u'ks'3-42
5' uql; mqoa.,hdf.a f,dka tf;ru ksIGdjla jYfhka imQK_
neka we;a; jYfhkau wdmiq taula ke;' 'mdrx.f;d k mfpp;s
;d'-iq'ks'.d'807 'mrf;rg .sh tfyjq mqoa.,hd wdmiq fkdths''
tfiao jqj;a wkqmdfii ^ksremx& iy iWmdfii ksnndkOd;=
fol w;r Tyqf.a udreu wdmiq taula fuka fmfka'
k mdrx .=Kx hk;s
khsox tl.=Kx uq;x
-iq'ks'.d'717
Tjqyq fojrla tf;rg fkdfh;a
fuh tljrla f,io fkd;eflhs'
"ndyqk" ;:d.;f;u Ou_ oihlska ksla" fkdne" "
udhs lr fkd.;a" is;lska jdih lrhs' ljr Ou_ oihlskao@

93

94

ndyqk" ;:d.;f;u rEmfhka ksla" fkdne" " udhs

lrfkd.;a is;lska jdih lrhs' ndyqk ;:d.;f;u fokdfjka'''''''''''
i[[dfjka ''''''''''' ixialdrj,ska''''' [[dKfhka''''''' cd;sfhka'''''
crdfjka''' urKfhka '''''' laj,ska'''' flf,iaj,ska ksla" fkdne"
" udhs lrfkd.;a is;lska jdih lrhs'
"hfia" ndyqk" Wmq,la fyda r;amshqula fyda fy< mshqula
fyda fhys yg.;af;a" fhys jevqfka" fhka Wvg mekke.S fhka
fkd;ej iso" tfiau ndyqk ;:d.;f;u f oiOu_hkaf.ka ksla"
fkdne" " udhs lrfkd.;a is;lska jdih lrhs'"
-wx'ks'6-268
6' ksjk ish fohs;hskaf.a ikaisuo f' ulaksido h;a fohs;jQ
ish,a,lau flys,d .efkk neks'^hx ls[ fjohs;x ;x CLix
- ix'ks' 2-84&
iehq;a udyshka "weje;aks" f ksjk iemhls' f ksjk
iemhls''hs jod< g Wodhs ys Wkajykafiaf.ka fufia weiSh'
"weje;aks" idmq;; h ;efkl fohs;hla keoao" t;ek ljr k
iemfhlao@" thg ,;a ms<s;=r jQfha( "weje;aks" fohs;hla ke;sluu
;ud tys we;s iemh'"
-wx'ks' 5-476
7' mh_dh mo 33la ixhq;aisfha wixL; ixhq;;fha i|ykaf'
-ix'ks'4-656
8' "fhd fLd wdjqfid rd.CLfhd fodiCLfhd fudyCLfhd box
jqpp;s ksnndkx"
-ix'ks'4-656
"weje;aks" h rd.CIhla" foICIhla" fudayCIhla fo"
fuh ksjkehs lshkq ,ef'"
9' wfklcd;s ixidrx
.yldrlx .fjifkkd
.yldrl fgGdis
innd f; Mdiqld N..d ixLdr.;x ;;x
-

95

wgqjd jrKhg wkqj f.lrejvqjd ^.yldrl& ;Kydjhs"

tfy;a wjika .d:dmofhka ; Kydjka f .a ^nyq j pk& CIhula
.ek lshefjk neka ta w:_l:kh fkd.e,fmhs'
f.lre jvqjd [[dKh f,i .ekSu jvd w:_dJ;h'
f.h kdurEmh f,i;a" mrd, ^Mdiqld& iamY_dh;k yh f,i;a"
l=f.h ^.yl+gx& woHdj f,i;a .;ag uql; is; ixialdrhkaf.ka
f;dr is;la ^ixLdr.;x ;;x& f,i yekau w:_j;afjhs' f.lre
jvq j d ykd.ekS u
[[d K udhdj wjfnda O lr .ekS u hs '
[

iJOdiix wksnix
CLd cd;s mqkmmqkx
mqk f.yx k ldyis
.yl+gx ix;x
;Kydkx LhucCO.d"
-O'm'153-4
96

wkql%uKsldj
fYaI mo h;=r
^mqoa., kdu yd .%J:kdu iys;j&

w
wl;
w.ksm%Ndj
wx.=;a;r ksldh
wcd;
w[[:dNdj ^wkafianj&
w[[d
w{dknj
wf{hjd wdl,amh
wgf,daoyu
wgf<diaOd;=
wgqjdpdka
w;uuh;d
wF:.u
wudkisl wkqN+;sh
wjpk ud.h
wjpk iuMii
wk[[:;d ^wkafia fkdjk nj&
wkk;
wkk; {dkh
wkkH;d oDIfldaKh
wkd;au oYkh
wkd;au Ouh
wkdruuK
wks;H;d kS;sh
wks;H ix{dj
97

86
85
21"28"48"51"53"60"61"70"72"78
79"84"85"89"94"95
86
53
82"92
16
59
53"54
71
92
51
67
21
25"26
26"28
44"45
21"22"81"89
22
52
64
86
78"84
11"34"51"86"89
89

wksoiik [[dKh
wks;; fpf;duqla;sh
wksY%s;hd
wkqmiikd
wkqmiikd
wkqmdfii ksnndk Od;=
wkqN+;sh
wkqfrdO
wkqih
wk;
wk;.d oDIjdo
wk;jQ {dkh
wfk;dcgd - nyscgd
wJOldrh
wJO hIah
wkH;Sl mn%dcl
wmph
wmm;sg;
wmmj;;
wmf,dls;
wm%udo m%;smodj
wN+;
wuD;Fjh
wuD; Od;=j ^ksrem&
wfhdksfidaukisldrh
^wksis fufkyslsu&
whmfhik iQ;%h
wyFjh
wjpdrlhd
wccdkqih
wccdij
w;ll iud

73"80"81
82
52
15"53
64
94
12"17"26"27"30"81
53
41"50"66"72
21"22
51
22
26"28"29"31"32"34"70"74"87
87
52
59"60
42
78"84
78"84
86
41
86
60"61"62"87"89"90"92
94
12"39
39
21
69
41
41"42"88
84
98

w;:;d ^fkdtfia fkdjk nj&

woHdj ^wccdj&
wjHdl; jia;+ka
wY%e;j;a mD:.ackhd
wixL;
wi;Hh
wial=Kvhd
wia;sFjh
wia;sFj oDIah
wiaudkh
wii
wyxldrh
wdldr
wdldidk[pdh;kh
wdls[p[[dh;k
wd.ka;=l Wmfl,aY
wdpdr Ou
wdcdfkah wYajhd
wdcdkSh mqreI
wdjh
wd;auh
wd;au foYh
wd;au oDI fldaKh
wd;au N%dka;sh
wd;au ixl,amh
wd;au ix{dj
wd;au iafkayh
wd;; iQ;%h
wdkj
wdOHd;al Ydka;sh
wdOH;al ndysr wdh;k
99

44"45
2"17"18"19"31"34"45"46"47"50
55"96
9"23
33"34"89
86
87
79
12"26
19
31"34"80"88
56
31"33
26"27
77"79"81
77"79"81
89
12"24"41
79
79
42
19"33"35"40"47"52"54"80
34
22"23"33"38"81"88
54
49
8"37"73"74"88
34
78
22"23
91
22"28"29"88

wdkka;l iud
wdkkao
wdkkao iQ;%h
wdfmd
wdh;kh
wdh;k yh
wdh wIagdx.sl ud.h
wdh Ouh
wdh kHdh ^wfhd [dfhd&
wdhhka jykafia
wdh mqoa.,hd
wdh YsCIKh
wdh Y%djlhd
wdh i;Hh
wdf,dalh
wdYdj
wdY%j
wdY%j laIh ms<sn| {dkh
wdYajdoh
wdydr

94
34"77
34
27"77"81"82
81"82
18"51
41"43"83
33
32"36"50
15
79
21
35"36"41
56
87
91"92
41"88
48
22"23
68"78

we
we,S ^wkqfrdO&

53

b
b;sjq;;l
bF:Ndj ^fufia nj&
bommpph;dj
^fuh ksid fuh jk nj&

91"94
53
44"45"46"48

100

bJsh l%shdld;ajh
bJsh f.daprh
bJsh {dkh
bJsh Ou
bJsh [[dKh
bJsh iuMii
bJshdkqidrh
bJs h druuK
bhdm:mnnh
BYajrhd

90
42
8"10"20"22"41
63
81
28
12"15
11"75"82
63
87

W
WpPskkNjfk;;sfld
Wfpoh
Wfpojdhd
W;afm%arlh
WohF:.dKS m[[d
Wodk md<s
Wodhs
Woafoai
WoOpp l=lal=pp
Wkau;;l w{dk iqjh
Wmlaf,aY
Wmph
Wm;siai
Wm
Wmksid iQ;%h
Wmhka;s iQ;%h
Wmfhda.s;djdhd
Wmdodk

54
35
34
64
62
23"52"55"57"81"82"86
95
26"27
79
16"92
89
38
56"57
31"37"39"77"82"94
48
46
71
17"18"24"25"31"34"44"45"46"47
52"92"94
101

Wmdodk-ialJO-my
W, ^i,,&

35"40
5"9"10

ta
talFjh
taldka; wi;sFjh
taldka; oDIa.%dyS wdl,amh
taldka; kdia;sFjh
taldka; [[dK- jd
taldka; i;ajd
taldxi jHdlrKSh
tys- miisfld

51
51"74
17
51"74
29
29
23
87

T
>
mkhs l

41
48"90

l
lppdhk
lppdhkf.d;; iQ;%h
l,yjdo iQ;%h
ldurd.
ldudij
ldhlu
ldh[[dKh

18"19
19
74
79
41"88
42
37"65"66
102

ldhdkq m iikd
ld,s o di
ld<ldrduh
ld<ldrdu iQ;%h
ls[pfkd ^lsisjls&
flf,ia
fljvV iQ;%h
fldg; i%;%h
flda,s;
fldiu iQ;%h
l%sl ;rh
fl%daOh
lD;%su rgd
CISKdY%j N+ ^Kdij N+&

64
71
4
4"14"15"19"53"69"81"87"90
12
83
73
6
57
43
25"26
68"70
86
6

.
.;sl oYKh
.;siajrEms;dj
.JO
.JOix{dj
.yldrl^f.lre jvqjd&
.e ^frdaO&
.sr..iucc
.+V wkqN+;sh
f.!;uhka jykafia
.%dyH- .%dyl ojh;dj

77
46
82
81
93"95"96
53
57
87
21
8"30

>
>dk [[dKh

p
plLq [[dKh
p;=rdh i;Hh
p;=Iafldal ;l kHdh
pJm%Ndj
;;dkqmiikd
;;Ndjkd
;;uqla;sh
pq;sh
pQ,;KydixLh iQ;%h
pQ, hqy iQ;%h
pQ, il=odhs iQ;%h
f;kd
ffp;isl uQ, fya;=

30"37"65
39
7"14
85
64"65
89
53
52
72
20
23
27"28"32"74
62

P
PJoh
PJord.h
Pkak
Pfkkdjdo iQ;%h

35"60"62
35
58
58

c
cgdiQ;%h
crdurK
cd;x
cd;sh ^Wm;&

29"32
17"24"44"45"46"54
86
17"24"25"36"39"44"45"46"47"54
89

37"65"66
103

104

cd,skS ^,aldh&
csjyd [[dKh

72
37"65"66

{
{dk oYkh
{dkh ^[dKh&
{dkjdo

21
16"63"64"65"66
21"22

23

;
;fccd iukkdydfrd
;Kaydj
;;aFjdfndaOh
;:;d ^tfia nj&
;:d
;:d.;hka jykafia
;:H;dj
;uuh;d
;uufhd
;d ^tfiajQ&
;dN+
;dfid ^;d mqoa.,hd&

27"77"81"82
54"89
20

:
f:r .d:d
koaO

84
79

G
GmkSh m[y

f;fcd
;%s,CIKh
;%sOudkh

38
17"18"24"25"28"29"44"45"46"
49"50"51"55"68"69"72"92
48
44"45"48"51"90
45
4"5"6"7"8"10"11"12"14"15"19"22
37"44"45"81"94
25
49"52
49
5"8"51"53
8
44"51"53"54"94
105

ogGd ^gqj flfrka&

ogGdnnx ^lsh hq;a;&
ogGdr ^gqfjla&
o;akuq;a ^o;aksidu&
oJOmkd;dj
oy wei
oYkjdoh
,aldh
gGdkqih
gGx ^gqj&
gGdij
h iq<sh ^ixidr jgg&
>-ksldh
>-ksldh wgGl:d
#Lh
lL ksfrdaOh
lL iuqoh
oDI
oDI.;slhd
oDIW,

7
8
8
10
74
57
12"24
72
41
7
41
24"26"29"31"167"87
23"25"27"30"54"73"76
31"40
17"24"25"47"83"88
17"24"55"88
55"88
20
63"69
5"9
106

oDIjdo
fohla
foaj,a
fodai ^oafIh&
ojh;dkqmiikd iQ;%h
ojh;dj
oOdlrKh

9"20"22"69
11"28"32"48"51
11"12"48"50"57
12"13"16"36"68"70"82"90"91"92
95
15"52"67"83
74"88
28"29"30"74

O
Ouu
Ouumoh
OuumogGl:d
Ouu ix{dj
Ouudkqmiikd
Ou_pCIqih
Ou_;dj
Ou_Od;=j
Ou_kshdu;dj
Ou_ k Hdh
Ou_fi%da;h
Ou_i;s;dj
Ou_ijNdjh
Ou_druuK
OHdk
Od;=
Od;=Nx. iQ;%h
Od;=i;r
Od;=kdkFjh

59"60"61"62"65"77"82
61"68"72"95
57
81
64"65
36
70
44
44"46
16
90
44
47"87
53"67"70
79
61
15"54
28"80
71

107

k
k;s ^fkrdhdu&
k iQ;%h
k Wmudj
kdkFjh
kdu
kduOu
kduldh
kdurEm
kdurEm,
kdi;sFj oDIah
kdi;sFjh
ks.KGkd; mq;%
ksf.%dOlmm
ks-oYkh
ksfnnldm[[d
ks;; ^ks;s&
ks;;lrKh
ks;s ud;%
ksrel;s ud._h
ksrem
ksfrdO
ksfoh
ksjk ^ksnndk&
ksY%s;hd
ksIam%mxp
ksiirKh
ksySk jy,aNdjh
kSjrK
kqjKska mslaiSu
fkji[[dkdi[[dh;kh

30"52
34
33"52"53
51
32
28
26"27"28
17"18"24"25"26"27"29"44"46"47
61"67"68"69"96
81
18"37"35
18
21
68
59
89
10"11"26"27"28"29"51"70"82
10
12
25"26
94
67
48
15"43"87"91"92"95
52
11
22"23
31
79
1
77"79"81
108

m
mxpWmdodkialJOh
mxpldu
mxpialJOh
mpph iQ;%h
m[p;;h iQ;%h
m[pO iduk; oYkh
m[[;;s ^m%{m;s$ meKeu&
m> wkqih
m>h
m>i[[dj
m> iuMii
mppiuqmmdo Ou_kHdh

35"36"37"38"40"41"42
21
83
45
35"94
51"80"90
27"32"65"66
41
26"28
28
27"28
16"17"19"24"31"32"44"45"46"
48"49"50"51"55"57"59"77"90
mppiuqmmkk Ou_
30"37"38"44"45"50"59
mppiuqmmkk ijNdjh
37"64
mmqpPd jHdlrKSh
23
mG
27"77"81
mm[p ^m%mxp&
42"49"80
mm[p ixLd
75"80
mm[p i[[d
ixLd iuqodprK- 65"66
m[[;;ss
mru wdhH_ Wmiu iqjh
mrud;auh
mrudidOl Wmdh ud.h
mrduY_kh
m{dkh
mfIKh
miioh
mdrfN!;sl wh
mdrfN!;sl oYkjdoh

92
88
64
22
22
27
47
86
87
109

mdY=oh
48
mqyqka odYkslhd
22"29
mqyqka mq=,d ^mD:.ack mqoa.,hd& 11"12"15"17"20"26"40"51"52"
61"79
mQ r Kliim
21
fmdgGmdo mn%dclhd
40
fmdgGmdo iQ;%h
40
m%flaj,Fjh
11
m%{m;s ud.h
25"26
m%{d pCIqih
35
m%{d m%Nd
81"85
m%{dj
32"60"61"62"70
m%{d Ndjkdj
63
m%;smodj
64
m%;HfCIdj
13
m%fudaoh
47
m%dfhda.sl jkdlu
59
m%S;sh
47

M
Mii m[[;;s
Mii uQ,l iQ;%h
fMKmsKvQmu iQ;%h
fMdgGnn i[[dj

65
32
1
81"82

n
ngfldagq fol
nyqOd;=l iQ;%h

24
17
110

ndysh
ndysh iQ;%h
ndyqk
nqrcdKka jykafia ^nqro&

42
42
94
1"6"9"10"14"15"18"19"20"23"26
36"39"40"42"45"51"55"57"58"59
63"64"69"73"75"76"86"87"88"89
91"94
66
23"54
87"88
80
88

fn!oO ufkdaoHdj
n%yucd, iQ;%h
n% yuhd
n%yu ksuk;ksl iQ;%h
n%yuiyjH;dj

N
Nj ;DIKdj
Nj ksfrdaOh
Nj fk;;s
Njh ^meje;au&

77
43"77"78
52
17"18"24"25"30"36"44"45"46"47
54"86"87"88"89"92
41
41"88
24"90
25
4
87
41"90
63
86
10

Njrd.dkqih
Njdij
Nj fi%da;h
NjHrEms;dj
Nd.Hj;=kajykafia
Ndr;Sh oYk im%odh
Ndjkduh YsCIKh
Ndjkd ukisldr h
N+;x
N%dk;sh

111

u
uCuksldh

15"17"23"32"35"36"37"38"39"42
43"53"54"55"58"63"66"72"80"81
88"94
7"8"42"48"49"52"54"80
7"55
54
30"66
19
1
27"28"60"61"62"67"70"74
22
6
37"65"66
26
24
86
18"49
64
42
87"89"90
90
88
43"55
58
37"55
25"30
25"31
76
32
31
28

u[[kd
u[[;s
u[[s;h
uOqmsKl iQ;%h
uOHh
uki
ukisldr
ufkdauQ,sl ijNdjh
ufkdar:mQrKS wx.=;;r wgqjdj
ufkda[[dKh
ufkdaoHd{hd
ufkdaoHdj
ufkdaoHd;aul w:h
uJodhq Il
uuFjh
uudhkh
urKh
urK ix{dj
uydwiimqr iQ;%h
uydp;a;dil iQ;%h
uydpqJo
uyd;KydixLh iQ;%h
uydksodk iQ;%h
uydmodk iQ;%h
uydmksnndk iQ;%h
uydmqKKu iQ;%h
uydmqreIhkajykafia
uydN+;Ou
112

uydj..h
uydhQy iQ;%h
uydfo,, iQ;%h
uydi<dh;ksl iQ;%h
uydyFmfodamu iQ;%h
ud.Jh
ud.Jh iQ;%h
udkh
udkdkq i h
udkjdNs u dkh
udrhd ^ljd&
udhdlre ^cdlre$uelalre&
udhdj ^cdj&
uela lau^cd lau&

56
21"69
12"30"82
42
35"38"64
36
36
11"54"74"89
41
62
68"72"83
1"2"3"13"16"36"92
1"2
2"3"10"13"14"16"17"18"57"59"
76"92
50"59"63
28"29"72
39
6
51
20
14"81
57
12"13"31"36"67"69"70"82"88"90
91"92"95

ue ms<sfj;
ueyqldh ^isnnkS&
:HdoDI
uq;
uqksjrhd
uqidj
uQ,mhdh iQ;%h
fud..,,dk
fudayh

h
h;,iels,a,
h:d ^hfia&
h:dN+;{dkh

25
45
16"35
113

h:dN+;{dkoiik
h:dN+;oYkh
fhda.djprhd
fhdaksfidaukisldrh
^ksishdldr fufkys lsu&

55"87
48"70
64
37"39"62"91

r
r>qjxY ldjHh
r:kS; iQ;%h
ri i[[dj
ry;kajykafia
rd.
rd. wkqih
rEm
rEmldh
rEmh
rEmix{dj
rEmWmdodkialJOh
frdays;ii iQ;%h

71
48
81"82
17"43
12"13"36"68"82"90"91"92"95
41
28"32"36"38
27"28
1"33"34"36"41"64"74"75"78"95
18"26"29"74"81
32"38
86

,
,s x .
f,dlldu.=K iQ;%h
f,dlksfrdaO.dKS- mmod
f,dlksfrdaOh
f,dalh
f,daliuqoh
f,daflda;a;r wxYh
f,daflda;a;r wkqN+;sh

26"27
81
86
86
86
86
43
15"77"90"91
114

f,daflda;a;r ud.h
f,daNh
f,!lsl wxYh

41
16"70
43

j
jX.Si iQ;%h
jpPf.d;; mn%dclhd
jpkhl w:h
jvh ndh l%shdoduh
j,x.= ldis ^ixl,am ldis&
jd.a lu_
jdfhd
jdia;l
ls pPd
lspPdkqih
cdkd;s
[[d;
[[dKWmdodkilJOh
[[dK[pdh;kh
[[dK ksfrdaOh
[[dK Nd.h
[[dK udhdj
^[[dK uela lau&
[[dKh^{dkh"Kek&

68
39
62
47"48
62
42
27"77'81"82
8
79
41
30
7
38
77"79"81
78
38
41"57"59"86"92"96

1"10"11"17"18"19"24"25"26"28
29"31"34"36"37"38"41"45"46"47
59"69"73"78"81"84"88"89"95"96
;ll ^;l&
61"65"66"67
;Kvjdhd
63"64
oYkduh m%{d m%Ndj
59
oYkduh m%;HCIh^kso lSu&37"41"49"59"66
115

oiqka kqjK
oHdj
Odiu;s llk;x
m,,di
Ncc jHdlrKSh
uqla;sodhl oDIfldaKh
uqla; mqoa.,hd
uqla;jQ is;a
uqla;sh
uqla;s idOkh
hql;sud;%
rd.h
rd.S wkqmiikd
rd.S wdl,amh
reoONdih
frdO
Iupl% h
i;;sld
fokd WmdodkialJOh
fokdkqm iikd
fokdj

15
50
29
74
23
62
90"91"92"94
6
48"60"61"62"70
59
28
48"50"55"58"77"81"90
51
14"64"42
16"54"74"75"76"91
53
25
72
38
64"65
1"17"18"24"25"27"28"30"32"33
34"36"38"41"44"45"47"60"61"62
65"67"74"78"95
95
34
80
31
79

fohs;h
'fj' udkh
jHjydrh
jHdc jij;_k ijdFjh
jHdmdo

Y
YdlH uqksf;u
Ydka; uqla;s iqjh

90
92
116

Ydij;jdhd
Y=oh
Y=kHFjh
Y%oaOdj
Y%e;j;a wd Y%djlhd

34
69
80
47
89

i
iWmdfii ksnndk Od;=j
ixl,a m
ixl,am iu;sl%uKh
ixfla;
ixfla; ud;% ^i[[d" ks;;&
ixL;
ixLd ^.sKSu&
ix.S;s iQ;%h
ix{d WmdodkialJOh
ixhqla; ksldh

90"91"94
59"60"61"62"63"64"67"77"80
14"62"63"75"80"82
10"11"12
11
42"62"64"65"66"77"86"89
64"72
12
38
1"6"14"19"24"29"32"34"43"45"
48"55"56"57"58"67"71"78"81"84
85"86"95
63
31
65
17"18"19"31"34"36"38"45"46"47
48"55"77"78"82"92"95"96
38
1"10"11"12"14"20"26"27"28"33
34"36"38"40"65"66"74"75"77"78
84"95
34"35
20"33"35"37"89
32

ixidr pl%h
ixidr hiq<sh
ixisoajd wdl,amh
ixialdr ^ixLdrd&
ixialdr WmdodkialJOh
i[[d ^ix{d" ikafka&

illdh ^i;aldh&
illdh gh
i;r uydN+;hka
117

i;s ^isysh&
60"61"62"63"64"65"66
i;sm gGdkh
64"66
i;smgGdk iQ;%h
63
i;a;dj ^i;Hnj&
20"36"87
i;aNdjjdhd
65
i;amqreI Ou_h
33
i;H.fIS k;lhd
59
i;HN+ ^ippN+&
7
ioao i[[dj
81
iJgl
90
iJO
78
ixis iqLh
16"91"92"95
innf;dmN
81"89
inndij iQ;%h
39
iudh
47"60"61"62"78
iud m%;s,dNh
77
io
60
iuqoh
67
iuqoh iQ;%h
67
iuMiih
28"32
im%odhd.; mppiuqmmdo jrKh31
ifnda ,dNh
51
iuud wdj
42"55
iuud luuk;
42"55
iuud [dK
55
iuud gh
19"42"55
iuud g iQ;%h
32
iuud jdpd
42"55
iuud jdhdu
42"55
iuud uq;;s
55
iuud ixlmm
42"55
iuud i;s
42"55
118

iuud iud
42"55
ifudayh
35
ird ^hje,a&
55
i,s;h
52
ijNdjisoO ks.ukh
47
i[[dKl ldh
28"29
ij_{
22
ij_{;dN+
6
ij_i k;kh
47
i<dh;k^Ivdh;k"iamY_wdh;k yh&17"24"25"32"44"45"46"47"51"88
90"94"96
i<dh;k ksfrdOh
81
idfla;
4
idOH iu
26
idfmaCIl m%{m;s ud.
52
idfmaCI;d uQ,Ouh
16
idfmaCI ixl,amh
18
iduk; oYkh
51"81"90
is;
67"89
is;dj ^is;d foh&
49"52
isnnkS ^ueyqldh&
72
ish,a, ^innx&
85
iS;sNdj ^isis,au&
92
iqLh
47
iq[[;dN+
8
iq;
7
iq;;ksmd;
15"20"23"52"55"67"68"69"72"74
75"83"90"92"94
iQhH_m%Ndj
85
fid; ^hmyr&
69
fid; [[dKh
37"65"66
fidajdka wdhH_mqoa.,hd
32
119

fidajdka M,h
ialJO
iamY_h ^Mii&

57
33"73
17"18"24"25"26"29"32"41"45"46
47"60"61"62"65"67"74

y
ydu;alsf l%shdoduh
yd,sooldks iQ;%h
yq hql;s ud;%

47
14
28

120

Ou_ .%J: uqK Ndrh u.ska m<lrk ,o .%J:

.%ka: kduh
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20'
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26'
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.

ksjfka ksu
ksjfka ksu
ksjfka ksu
ksjfka ksu
ksjfka ksu
ksjfka ksu
ksjfka ksu^mqi;
a ld, uqKh&
ksjfka ksu
ksjfka ksu
ksjfka ksu
ksjfka ksu
ksjfka ksu
ksjfka ksu ^mqi;
a ld, uqKh&
myka lKqj Ou_ foaYkd
myka lKqj Ou_ foaYkd
myka lKqj Ou_ foaYkd
myka lKqj Ou_ foaYkd
myka lKqj Ou_ foaYkd
myka lKqj Ou_ foaYkd
myka lKqj Ou_ foaYkd
~ys;l uysu~
~ys;l uysu~
W;a;;r yqfol,dj
oiqka Wmfoia
p,k ;%h
h iq<sh
Towards A Better World
Seeing Through
Nibbana - The Mind Stilled
Nibbana - The Mind Stilled
Nibbana - The Mind Stilled
Nibbana - The Mind Stilled
Nibbana - The Mind Stilled
Nibbana - The Mind Stilled
The Magic of the Mind
Towards Calm and Insight
Samyutta Nikaya An Anthology
Ideal Solitude
Nibbana and The Fire Simile

m<uq fju
fojk fju
f;jk fju
isjqjk fju
miajk fju
ihjk fju
m%:u Nd.h^1-6fj&
i;ajk fju
wgjk fju
kjjk fju
oijk fju
tfldf<diajk fju
^1-11fj&
m<uq fju
fojk fju
f;jk fju
isjqjk fju
miajk fju
ihjk fju
i;ajk fju
m<uq fju
fojk fju

Volume I
Volume II
Volume III
Volume IV
Volume V
Volume VI

kej; uqKh lru ms<sn| uiS (' ' nKavdr" ia:dml" Ou_ .%ka: uqK Ndrh
frdah,a bkaiahq" 191" yef,dla mdr" fld<U 5'
'l'( 011-2592747" 2592748" 2508173 Fax : 2580564

msgm;a
ixLHdj
11000
8000
5000
6000
5000
3500
500
3000
3000
5000
5000
3000
1500
13000
12000
10000
7000
6000
4000
4000
8000
5000
12000
8000
3000
6000
6000
3000
5000
3000
3000
5000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
3000

l;= yshkaf.a isxy, iy bx.%sis lD;s

*1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
*1.
* 2.

*3.
*4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
*

W;a;;r yqfol,dj - ^uq,a uqKh&oila~ wxl 172$173 - ^1990&

-tu- ^kj uqKh&" Ou_ .%J: uqK Ndrh ^2001&
oiqka Wmfoia - ^1997&
ksjfka ksu - m<uq fju ^1997&
ksjfka ksu - fojk fju ^1998&
ksjfka ksu - f;jk fju ^1998&
ksjfka ksu - isjqjk fju ^1998&
ksjfka ksu - miajk fju ^1999&
ksjfka ksu - ihjk fju ^1999&
ksjfka ksu - i;ajk fju ^1999&
ksjfka ksu - wgjk fju ^2000&
ksjfka ksu - kjjk fju ^2001&
ksjfka ksu - oijk fju ^2002&
ksjfka ksu - tfldf<diajk fju ^2004&
ksjfka ksu - mqia;ld, uqKh - m%:uNd.h - ^1-6 fj&^2000&
ksjfka ksu - mqia;ld, uqKh ^1-11 fj& ^2010&
myka lKqj Ou_ foaYkd - 1- fju - ^1999&
ys;l uysu - 1 - ^1999&
ys; ;ekSu - ^2000&
myka lKqj Ou_ foaYkd - 2 fju - ^2000&
meje;au yd keje;au - ^2000&
we;s ye oelau - ^2001&
myka lKqj Ou_ foaYkd - 3 fju - ^2001&
l;f ie|E wr - ^2001&
lh wkqj .sh isysh - ^2001&
ud-msh Wjegk - ^2002&
m%;sm;a;s mQcdj - ^2003&
myka lKqj Ou_ foaYkd - 4 fju - ^2003&
wkslauk - ^2003&
ys;luysu - 2 - ^2003&
myka lKqj Ou_ foaYkd - 5 fju ^2005&
myka lKqj Ou_ foaYkd - 6 fju ^2006&
myka lKqj Ou_ foaYkd - 7 fju ^2009&
nq iuh mqoa.,hd yd iudch
^2009&
Concept and Reality in Early Buddhist Thought -(1971)
Samyutta Nikaya - AnAnthology, Part II - Wheel No, 183/185 -(1972)
- do D. G. M. B. Edition (2009)
Ideal Solitude - Wheel No, 188 - (1973)
The Magic of the Mind - (1974)
- do D. G. M. B. Edition (2007)
Towards Calm and Insight - (1991)
- do D. G. M. B. Edition (1998)
From Topsy - turvydom to Wisdom -Volume 1 - (2003)
Seeing Through (1999)
Towards A Better World (2000)
Nibbana - The Mind Stilled - Volume I - (2003)
Nibbana - The Mind Stilled - Volume II - (2005)
Nibbana - The Mind Stilled - Volume III - (2005)
Nibbana - The Mind Stilled - Volume IV - (2006)
Nibbana - The Mind Stilled - Volume V - (2007)
Nibbana - The Mind Stilled - Volume VI - (2010)
Nibbana and The Fire Simile ^2010&
Buddhist Publication Society, P.O. Box, 61, Kandy
fn!oO .%J: m%ldYk i;sh" ;e'fm' 61" uykqjr