B.

Sc Electrical Engineering 8th Semester Final Term Examination, 2017-2021

Subject: Renewable Energy System Course Code: EEPS-805
Max. Marks: 50 Time Allowed: 120 Minutes
Instructions:
 Attempt all questions, marks of each part are duly mentioned
 (RN is your Roll Number )

Sr. No. Questions Marks

Q#1 (a) A wind turbine with rotor (25+RN) meters in diameter is 33-% 05
efficient in 20 m/s winds at 1 atmosphere of pressure and 20◦C. Consider
it to be horizontal-axis wind turbine.
a. Calculate power it would produce in those winds?
b. What will be the air density on a 3500-m mountaintop at 20◦C.
b. What will be the power the turbine would produce on that mountain
with the same windspeed assuming its efficiency is not affected by air
density.

(b) If an anemometer is supposed to be mounted at a height of (43+RN)-m 05

on a level field with tall grass shows an average windspeed of 9.2 m/s.
a. Assuming Rayleigh statistics and standard conditions (17◦C, 1 atm),
estimate the average wind power (W/m2) at a height of 90 m.
b. Suppose a 1500-kW wind turbine with 55-m rotor diameter is located
in those 80 m winds. Estimate the annual energy delivered (kWh/yr) if
you assume the turbine has an overall efficiency of 35%.
c. What would the turbine’s capacity factor be?

Q#2 (a) The table below shows a portion of a spreadsheet that estimates 05
the energy delivered by a NEG Micon 1000 kW/60 m wind turbine
exposed to Rayleigh winds with an average speed of 8 m/s.
v (m/s) kW kWh/yr
0 0 0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 33 43,631
5 88 ?
6 … …

a. How many kWh/yr would be generated with 4 m/s winds?

b. Using Table how many kWh/yr would be generated in 20 m/s winds for
a Vestas 600/42 machine?
 (b) Consider the design of a home-built wind turbine using a 430-W
automobile dc generator. The goal is to deliver 84 kWh in a 30- 05
day month.
a. What capacity factor would be needed for the machine?
b. If the average wind speed is 6 m/s, and Rayleigh statistics apply, what
should the rotor diameter be if the correlation of (5.26) is used?
c. How fast would the wind have to blow to cause the turbine to put out
its full 0.45 kW if the machine is 25% efficient at that point?
d. If the tip-speed-ratio is assumed to be 5, what gear ratio would be
needed to match the rotor speed to the generator if the generator needs to
turn at 1000 rpm to deliver its rated 450 W?

Q#3 (a) Studies show that the major energy consumption in Fijian villages 05
is wood which is used for cooking on open fires. Typical
consumption of wood is 1 kg per person per day.
a. Estimate the heat energy required to boil a two-litre pot full of
water. Assuming this to be the cooking requirement of each person,
compare this with the heat content of the wood, and thus estimate
the thermal efficiency of the open fire.
b. How much timber has to be felled each year to cook for a village of
200 people?
Assuming systematic replanting, what area of crop must the village
therefore set aside for fuel use if it is not to make a net deforestation?
Hint: refer to Table 11.4.
c. Comment on the realism of the assumptions made, and revise your
estimates accordingly.

(b) A company with (60 +RN) cows proposed to use biogas energy 05
generated from their wastes to power the farm electricity needs.
a. Discuss the feasibility of doing this. You should calculate both the
energy content of gas and the energy used in compressing the gas
to a usable volume, and compare these with the energy required to
run the car.
b. what are the other benefits (if any) might be gained?
by installing a digester.
You may assume that a 100 kg cow excretes about 0.7 kg of volatile
solid (VS) per day (plus 6 kg water), and that 1 kg of VS yields
0.4m3 of biogas at STP.

Q#4 (a) A normal solar water heater using PVs is connected to the electric 05
resistance heating element of a small electric water heater. The
 water heater is one that would deliver 2.88 kW if it were wired to
normal 120 V ac.

Suppose you have 4 identical PV modules, each with an idealized, 1-sun,

I –V curve as shown above. Three ways that you can wire up the PVs are
A, B, and C as shown.

Plot the I –V curves for the three combinations (A, B, and C) and decide
which one delivers the most energy in a day’s time. Explain your answer.

(b) The Earth’s oceans have an average depth of 4400 m. Show that
the speed of a naturally propagating tidal wave is about 200m s−1
(750km h−1). 05
a. Compare this speed with the speed of the lunar tidal force passing
round the Earth’s equator.
b. What is the effect of the difference between these two speeds?

Q#5 (a) Water is pumped rapidly from the ocean at high tide to give an 05
increased water level in a tidal power basin of 1.0 m. If the tidal
range is 6.0m and if the pump/generator system is only 60%
efficient, show that the extra energy gained can be nearly twice the
energy needed for pumping.

(b) A 40-m, three bladed wind turbine produces 500 kW at a 05

windspeed of 15 m/s. Air density is the standard 1.225 kg/m3.
Under these conditions,
a. At what rpm does the rotor turn when it operates with a TSR of 4.0?
b. What is the tip speed of the rotor?
c. If the generator needs to turn at 1900 rpm, what gear ratio is needed to
match the rotor speed to the generator speed?
d. What is the efficiency of the complete wind turbine (blades, gear box,
generator) under these conditions?