ECEG-4243 Individual Assignment

Debre Berhan University

College of Engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
1. A proposed hydroelectric station has an average head of 300 meters, a catchment area of 100 km2 ,
average rainfall for which is 120 cm per annum. Overall efficiency of the plant is 75 %. If 80 % of
the total rainfall can be utilized, calculate
(a) Average power available
(b) Maximum capacity of the plant
(c) Select the suitable runner

2. For a 100 MW hydroelectric power plant (HEPP) with an overall efficiency of 85 % has a design
head of 500 m, and plant factor of 0.6. Determine
(a) Electrical energy generated in one year
(b) An approximate value of the theoretical energy stored in a year in the reservoir of the HEPP
for conversion into useful energy
(c) Depth of water in the reservoir between a season with floods and a dry season and
(d) The approximate surface area of the reservoir
(Hint: For part (d), potential energy of the stored water in joules is given by ∆E ≈ ∆HρgHd ,
with F = surface area, ∆H = is the depth of the reservoir needed for energy conversion; K =
F ∆H = volume of useful stored water; ρ = water density, g = acceleration due to gravity, and
Hd is the design head) Note: You can assume that Hd = 0.87Hmax and Hmin = 0.71Hmax , Where
Hd is the ”design head”, Hmax is the maximum allowable head in the reservoir and Hmin is the
minimum head in the reservoir during a dry season.

3. The daily load curve data for a certain area is as follows

12 AM-5AM 100 MW
5AM-8AM 120 MW
8AM-12 Noon 250 MW
12 Noon-1PM 100 MW
1PM-5PM 250 MW
5PM-9PM 350 MW
9PM-12 AM 150 MW

It is proposed to install a run off river plant with pondage and a diesel plant for supplying the
above load. The run off data indicates that a flow of 80 m3 /sec is available. The head is 120 m.
Hydro power plant efficiency is 92 % and transmission losses 5 %. Assume The diesel plant is
located near the load center.Determine the capacity of the hydro power plant and the diesel plant.

4. Compare and contrast the most commonly used hydraulic turbines (Francis, Pelton and Kaplan)

5. A hydroelectric station is to be designed to operate at a mean head of 205 m and supplied from
a reservoir lake having a catchment area of 1000 km2 with average annual rain fall of 125 cm
of which 80 % is available for power generation. The expected load factor at the plant is 75 %.
Allowing a head loss of 5 m and assuming efficiency of the turbine and generator to be respectively
90 % and 95 %. calculate suitable rating of the station and Comment the type of turbine to be
installed.

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ECEG-4243 Individual Assignment

6. A 60 MW power station has annual peak load of 50 MW, the power station supplies loads having
maximum demands of 20 MW,10 MW and 9 MW. The annual load factor is 0.45. Find
(a) Average load
(b) Energy supplied/year
(c) Diversity factor
(d) Demand factor

7. A hydroelectric station operates under a mean head of 50 m. The reservoir employed has a
catchment area of 500 km2 .The average rainfall in this area is 150 cm per annum. Assume that 25
% of the rainfall is lost due to evaporation etc.7.5 % of head is lost in penstock, turbine efficiency
as 85 %, alternator efficiency as 95 % and load factor as 60 %. Determine the capacity of the
power station for which it should be designed.

8. The mean monthly discharge for 12 months at a particular site of a river is given below

Months Flow (106 × m3 ) Months Flow (106 × m3 )

January 1000 July 2500
February 800 August 3000
March 600 September 2400
April 500 October 2000
May 200 November 1500
June 1500 December 15000

(a) Draw hydrograph for the given discharge and find the average monthly flow.
(b) Draw the flow duration curve
(c) Calculate the power available if the available head is 90 m and overall efficiency of generation
of 80 %. Assume each month has 30 days.

9. During a low water week, a river has an average daily flow of 32 m3 /sec with a fluctuation during
the day requiring a pondage capacity of approximately 15 % of the daily discharge. a HEP is to
be located on the river which will operate 5 days a week, 24 hours a day, but will supply power at
varying rate such that the daily load factor is 55 % corresponding to which the pondage required
is equal to 0.2 times the mean flow to the turbine. On Saturday and Sunday all the flow is ponded
for use on rest of the days. If the effective head on the turbines when the pond is full is to be 25
m and the maximum allowable fluctuation in pond level is 1 m. Find
(a) The surface area of the pond to satisfy all the operating conditions,
(b) The weekly output at the switch board in kWh. Assume turbine efficiency 55 % and generator
efficiency 92 %

10. A hydroelectric power plant has the following annual factors.

Load factor = 70% Capacity factor = 50%
Use factor = 60% Maximum demand = 20 MW
Find out
(a) Annual energy production
(b) Reserve capacity over and above peak load
(c) Hours during which the plant is not, in service per year.

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ECEG-4243 Individual Assignment

11. The mean monthly discharge for 12 months at a particular site of a river is given below.

Month Flow (m3 × 106 ) Month Flow ( m3 × 106 )

January 1000 July 2500
February 800 August 3000
March 600 September 2400
April 500 October 2000
May 200 November 1500
June 1500 December 1500

(a) Draw hydrograph for the given discharge and find the average monthly flow.
(b) Draw the flow duration curve and mass curve (use MATLAB or Excel)
(c) Determine the power developed if the available head is 90 m and overall efficiency of generation
of 80 %.

12. A power development site has the average estimated flows, as shown in table below. Find the
reservoir capacity required for producing 18,000 hp continuously throughout the year at an overall
efficiency of 80 % with head of 100 m.

Month Flow (m3 × 106 ) Month Flow ( m3 × 106 )

January 66 July 31
February 34 August 83
March 74 September 89
April 51 October 43
May 17 November 54
June 14 December 96

13. A Wenji sugar factory is located near Awash River a water fall where the usable head for power
generation is 20 m. The factory requires continuous power of 1600 kW throughout the year. The
Awash River flow in a year is (i) from May to September 10 m3 /sec, (ii) from October to December
8 m3 /sec and (iii) from January to April 7 m3 /sec.
(a) If the hydropower is developed as a runoff river type of plant without storage, determine the
standby distributed generation capacity to supply the factory. Assume that overall efficiency
of the plant is 90 %.
(b) If a reservoir is arranged upstream, will any standby distributed generation unit be necessary?
What will be the shortage power required? When the shortage of power is required?

14. The maximum load on a hydroelectric power plant of 60 MW capacity is 50 MW at an annual

load factor of 50%. The loads having maximum demands of 25 MW, 20 MW, 8 MW and 5 MW
are connected to the power station.Determine
(a) Average load on power station
(b) Energy generated per year
(c) Demand factor
(d) Diversity factor

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ECEG-4243 Individual Assignment

15. A power supply system has a hydro power plant of 12 MW capacity and a diesel power plant of
30 MW capacity. The hydro power plant has a pondage provision and can store water to generate
20 MWh. For the coming week the estimated power in river flow is 3 MW and expected load to
be supplied is as follows:

Load(MW) Time(hrs.)
42 20
30 60
25 50
15 20
8 18
Total 168 hrs

(a) Calculate total energy that can be generated by hydro power plant.
(b) How the load shall be shared by the two power plants?

16. A Hydroelectric power station is to be designed to operate with a mean head of 140 meters and
supplied from a reservoir lake having a catchment area of 200km2 with average annual rainfall of
145 cm of which 16% is lost due to percolation and evaporation losses. Assume that 5% of the
head is lost in penstock, efficiency of the turbine is 85 % , efficiency of the generator is 90% and
the annual load factor is 75%.
(a) Determine the installed capacity at the station
(b) Suggest required number of suitable type of turbines to be used with same rating and their
capacities,if the runner speed is to be kept below 240 rpm.

17. A generating station has a maximum demand of 200M W and a load factor of 70% .The plant
capacity factor and plant use factor are 50% and 70% respectively.Determine
(a) Daily energy produced
(b) Installed capacity of plant
(c) The reserve capacity of plant
(d) Maximum energy that can be produced daily if the plant is running all the time
(e) The minimum energy that could be produced daily if the plant is running at full load
(f) Utilization factor

18. A run off rate of 400 m3 /s and head of 45 m is available at a site proposed for hydroelectric
power plant. The generator is directly coupled to the turbine having frequency of generation as
50 cycles/s and number of poles as 120. Assuming the turbine efficiency of 90 %. Estimate the
least number of turbines required,all of equal size if
(a) Francis turbines having specific speed not greater than 200.
(b) Kaplan turbines of specific speed not greater than 600 are used.

”Success is no accident.It is hard work,perseverance,learning,studying,sacrifice and most of all love of

what you are doing or learning to do”

PELE

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